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List of ecumenical patriarchs of Constantinople

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Part ofa series on the
Eastern Orthodox Church
Christ Pantocrator (Deesis mosaic detail)
Overview
Autocephalous jurisdictions
Autocephalous Churches who are officially part of the communion:

Autocephaly recognized by some autocephalous Churchesde jure:

Autocephaly and canonicity recognized by Constantinople and 3 other autocephalous Churches:

Spiritual independence recognized by Georgian Orthodox Church:


The following is a chronological list ofbishops and ecumenical patriarchs of Constantinople. The historical data on the first 25 bishops is limited with modern scholars debating their authenticity. The Foundation of the See byAndrew the Apostle is met with similar amounts of skepticism with scholars believing it to be a later tradition.[a] The list is mostly based on the compilation made by Demetrius Kiminas,[4] but there is no single "official" numbering of bishops. The official website of the patriarchate has a list of holders but gives them no numeral.[5][b]

Bishops ofByzantium (until 330 AD)

[edit]
  1. St.Andrew the Apostle (36–38), founder
  2. St.Stachys (38–54)
  3. St.Onesimus (54–68)
  4. Polycarpus I (69–89)
  5. Plutarch (89–105)
  6. Sedecion (105–114)
  7. Diogenes (114–129)
  8. Eleutherius (129–136)
  9. Felix (136–141)
  10. Polycarpus II (141–144)
  11. Athenodorus (144–148)
  12. Euzois (148–154)
  13. Laurence (154–166)
  14. Alypius (166–169)
  15. Pertinax (169–187)
  16. Olympianus (187–198)
  17. Marcus I (198–211)
  18. Philadelphus (211–217)
  19. Cyriacus I (217–230)
  20. St.Castinus (230–237)
  21. Eugenius I (237–242)
  22. Titus (242–272)
  23. Dometius (272–284)
  24. Rufinus (284–293)
  25. Probus (293–306)
  26. St.Metrophanes (306–314), first bishop mentioned by contemporaneous sources
  27. St.Alexander (314–330), first bishop of Constantinople

Archbishops/Patriarchs of Constantinople

[edit]

The official title of the bishop became "archbishop of Constantinople, New Rome, and ecumenical patriarch" in the 6th century, but scholars often use the terms "archbishop" and "patriarch" for earlier bishops. TheFirst Council of Constantinople (381) concluded that "the bishop of Constantinople, however, shall have the prerogative of honor after the bishop of Rome", while theCouncil of Chalcedon (451) concluded that "the bishop of New Rome shall enjoy the same privileges as the bishop of Old Rome". Modern scholars use the term "patriarch" after either 381 or 451.[c] The chronology mostly follows Demetrius Kiminas (2009),[4] who mostly uses the dates established byVenance Grumel (1958).[9] See also the lists in theOxford Dictionary of Byzantium (1991)[10] and theEncyclopedia of the Byzantine Empire (2015).[11]

330–450

[edit]
#NameTenureNotes
27St.Alexander11 May 330 – August 337
(7 years and 3 months)
First bishop of Constantinople
28St.Paul I
the Confessor
337 – 339
(2 years)
Deposed and exiled
(seeArian controversy)
29Eusebius of Nicomeda339 – 341
(2 years)
Arian; baptisedConstantine I in 337
(28)Paul I341 – 342
(1 year)
1st restoration; deposed by the Arians
30Macedonius I342 – 346
(4 years)
Arian andpneumatomachian. Deposed
(28)Paul I346 – 351
(5 years)
2nd restoration; exiled and later killed
(30)Macedonius Ic. September 351 – 27 January 360
(8 years, 4 months)
Restored and deposed
31Eudoxius of Antioch27 January 360 – early 370
(10 years)
Arian
32DemophilusEarly 370 – 27 November 380
(10 years)
Arian; deposed
33EvagriusEarly 370
(a few months)
In opposition to Demophilus; exiled
34St.Gregory of Nazianzusc. May 379 – June 381
(2 years)
Bishop of the Orthodox; confirmed in 381.
35Maximus Ic. January – May 380
(4 months approx.)
In opposition to Gregory; annulled in 381
36NectariusJune 381 – 27 September 397
(16 years and 3 months)
37St.John Chrysostom26 September 398 – 20 June 404
(5 years, 9 months and 6 days)
Exiled; died 14 September 407.
38St.Arsacius27 June 404 – 11 November 405
(1 year, 4 months and 15 days)
39St.AtticusMarch 406 – 10 October 425
(9 years and 7 months)
40St.Sisinnius I28 February 426 – 24 December 427
(1 year, 10 months and 25 days)
41Nestorius10 April 428 – 11 July 431
(3 years, 3 months and 1 day)
Founder ofNestorianism; exiled
42St.Maximianus25 October 431 – 12 April 434
(2 years, 5 months and 18 days)
43St.Proclus13 April 434 – 12 July 446
(12 years and 3 months)
44St.FlavianJuly 446 – 11 August 449
(3 years and 1 month)

450–800

[edit]

During the 16th session of theCouncil of Chalcedon (October–November 451), also known as the FourthEcumenical Council, a resolution was passed elevating the See of Constantinople to a status equal to Rome in ecclesiastical matters, granting it second place after Rome.[12] The resolution was formally rejected by thePope Leo I and the Western church; however, it was largely accepted in the East, becoming known as Canon 28. This canon would later become the foundation of thePentarchy of patriarchates.

#NameTenureNotes
45St.AnatoliusNovember 449 – 3 July 458
(8 years and 8 months)
46St.GennadiusAugust 458 – 20 November 471
(13 years and 3 months)
47AcaciusFebruary 472 – 26 November 489
(17 years and 9 months)
48FravittaDecember 488 – March 489
(3 months)
49Euphemiusc. April 490 –c. June 496
(6 years and ~2 months)
Deposed and exiled; diedc.515
50St.Macedonius IIJuly 496 – 11 August 511
(15 years and 1 month)
Deposed and exiled; diedc.516
51Timothy IOctober 511 – 5 April 518
(6 years and 6 months)
52St.John of Cappadocia17 April 518 – February 520
(1 year and 10 months)
53Epiphanius25 February 520 – 5 June 535
(15 years, 3 months and 10 days)
54Anthimus IJune 535 – March 536
(9 months)
Deposed, died in 548
55St.Menas13 March 536 – 25 August 552
(16 years, 5 months and 11 days)
56St.EutychiusAugust 552 – 22/31 January 565
(2 years and 5 months)
Deposed
57St.John Scholasticus31 January 565 – 31 August 577
(12 years and 7 months)
(56)Eutychius3 October 577 – 5 April 582
(4 years, 6 months and 2 days)
Restored
58St.John IV
Nesteutes
12 April 582 – 2 September 595
(13 years, 4 months and 10 days)
First to use the title "Ecumenical"
59St.Cyriacus IIc. February 596 – 29 October 606
(10 years and 8 months)
60St.Thomas I23 January 607 – 21 March 610
(3 years, 3 months less 2 days)
61Sergius I18 April 610 – 9 December 638
(28 years, 7 months and 21 days)
62Pyrrhus20 December 638 – 29 September 641
(2 years, 9 months and 9 days)
Monothelite; deposed
63Paul II1 October 641 – 27 December 653
(12 years, 2 months and 26 days)
(62)Pyrrhus9 January – 1 June 654
(4 months and 23 days)
Second term
64Peter9 June 654 – 12 October 666
(12 years, 4 months and 3 days)
65St.Thomas II17 April 667 – 15 November 669
(2 years, 7 months less 2 days)
66St.John VNovember 669 – August 675
(5 years and 9 months)
67St.Constantine I2 September 675 – 9 August 677
(1 year, 11 months and 7 days)
68St.Theodore Ic. August 677 – November 679
(2 years and 3 months)
Deposed; died in 687
69St.George Ic. November 679 – January 686
(6 years and 2 months)
Perhaps deposed
(68)Theodore Ic. January 686 – 28 December 687
(1 year and 11 months months)
70St.Paul IIIJanuary 688 – 20 August 693
(5 years and 7 months)
71St.Callinicus IAugust 693 – August 705
(12 years)
Exiled to Rome; died in November 711
72St.KyrosSeptember 705 – December 711
(6 years and 3 months)
Deposed
73John VIDecember 712 – July 715
(15 years and 7 months)
Monothelite
74St.Germanus I11 August 715 – 17 January 730
(2 years, 5 months and 6 days)
Resigned; died in 742
75Anastasius22 January 730 – January 754
(14 years)
Iconoclast
(seeByzantine Iconoclasm)
76Constantine II8 August 754 – 30 August 766
(12 years and 22 days)
Iconoclast; deposed,
died on 7 October 767
77Nicetas I16 November 766 – 6 February 780
(13 years, 3 months and 20 days)
Iconoclast
78St.Paul IV
the New
20 February 780 – 31 August 784
(4 years, 6 months and 11 days)
79St.Tarasios25 December 784 – 18 February 806
(21 years, 2 months and 24 days)

800–1060

[edit]
#PortraitNameTenureNotes
80St.Nicephorus I12 April 806 – 13 March 815
(8 years, 11 months and 1 day)
Exiled; died in 828,
also an historian
81Theodotus I
Melissenos Kassiteras
1 April 815 –c. January 821
(5 years and 9 months)
Iconoclast
82Antony I
Kassymatas
c. January 821 – January 837
(16 years)
Iconoclast
83John VII
Morocharzanios
Grammaticus
21 January 836 – 4 March 843
(7 years, 1 month, 14 days)
Iconoclast; deposed
84St.Methodius I11 March 843 – 14 June 847
(4 years, 3 months and 3 days)
85St.Ignatius4 July 847 – 23 October 858
(11 years, 3 months and 20 days)
Son of EmperorMichael I Rangabe;
deposed
86St.Photius I
the Great
25 December 858 – 23 September 867
(8 years, 9 months less 2 days)
Maternal nephew of Patriarch John VII and great-grandnephew of Patriarch Tarasios;
deposed
(85)Ignatius23 November 867 – 23 October 877
(9 years and 11 months)
Restored
(86)Photius I26 October 877 – 29/30 September 886
(8 years, 11 months and 4 days)
Deposed; died c. 893
87St.Stephen I
the Macedonian
18 December 886 – 18 May 893
(7 years and 5 months)
Son of EmperorBasil I;
deposed
88St.Antony II
Kauleas
August 893 – 12 February 901
(7 years and 6 months)
89St.Nicholas I
Mystikos
1 March 901 – 1 February 907
(5 years and 11 months)
Deposed
90St.Euthymius I
Syncellus
February 907 – 15 May 912
(5 years and 3 months)
(89)Nicholas I15 May 912 – 15 May 925
(13 years)
Restored;
died at the age of 73
91St.Stephen II29 June 925 – 18 July 927
(2 years and 19 days)
92St.Tryphon14 December 927 – August 931
(3 years and 8 months)
Deposed
93Theophylact
Lekapenos
2 February 933 – 27 February 956
(23 years and 25 days)
Son of EmperorRomanos I
94St.Polyeuctus3 April 956 – 5 February 970
(13 years, 10 months and 2 days)
95Basil I
Skamandrenos
13 February 970 –c. October 973
(3 years and 8 months)
Exiled
96Antony III
Stoudites
December 973 – June 978
(4 years and 6 months)
Resigned; died in 983
97St.Nicholas II
Chrysoberges
April 980 – 16 December 991
(11 years and 8 months)
98Sisinnius II12 April 996 – 24 August 998
(2 years, 4 months and 12 days)
99St.Sergius IIJune/July 1001 – July 1019
(18 years)
Relative of Patriarch Photius I;
elected after a 3-year interregnum
100St.EustathiusJuly 1019 – November 1025
(6 years and 4 months)
101Alexius
Stoudites
15 December 1025 – 20 February 1043
(17 years, 2 months and 5 days)
102Michael I
Cerularius
25 March 1043 – 2 November 1058
(15 years, 7 months and 8 days)
Exiled;
died on 21 January 1069

In 1054, theEastern Orthodox Church cut ties to theRoman Catholic Church as a result of the GreatEast–West Schism.

This page of theiconoduleChludov Psalter illustrates the line "They gave megall to eat, and when I was thirsty they gave mevinegar to drink" with a picture of a soldier offering Christ vinegar on a sponge attached to a pole. PatriarchJohn VII of Constantinople is depicted rubbing out a painting of Christ with a similar sponge attached to a pole. John VII is caricatured, here as on other pages, with untidy straight hair sticking out in all directions, which was considered ridiculous by the Byzantines.

1060–1204

[edit]
#NameTenureNotes
103St.Constantine III2 February 1059 – 9/10 August 1063
(4 years, 6 months and 8 days)
104St.John VIII
Xiphilinos
1 January 1064 – 2 August 1075
(11 years, 7 months and 1 day)
Deposed
105St.Cosmas I2 August 1075 – 8 May 1081
(5 years and 9 months)
Resigned, diedc.1082
106Eustratius II
Garidas
8 May 1081 – July 1084
(3 years and 2 months)
Resigned
107Nicholas III
Kyrdiniates
Grammatikos
August 1084 – April 1111
(26 years and 8 months)
108John IX24 May 1111 – late April 1134
(22 years and 11 months)
109St.LeoMay 1134 – 12 January 1143
(8 years and 8 months)
110St.Michael IIJuly 1143 – March 1146
(2 years and 8 months)
Resigned
111Cosmas IIApril 1146 – 26 February 1147
(10 months)
Deposed
112Nicholas IVDecember 1147 – March/April 1151
(3 years and 3/4 months)
Resigned, died in 1152
113Theodotus II[d]1151 – 1153
(2 years and 6 months)
Chronology uncertain[e]
114Neophytus I1154 (?)
(a few weeks)
Resigned after less than a month
115Constantine IVNovember 1154 – May 1157
(2 years and 6 months)
116Luke
Chrysoberges
August/October 1157 – late 1169
(12 years)
117Michael IIIJanuary 1170 – March 1178
(8 years and 2 months)
118CharitonMarch/August 1178 – February/July 1179
(11 months)
Died after eleven months
119Theodosius IFebruary/July 1179 – August 1183
(4 years)
Exiled
120Basil II
Kamateros
August 1183 – February 1186
(2 years and 6 months)
Deposed
121Nicetas II
Mountanes
February 1186 – February 1189
(3 years)
Deposed
122DositheusFebruary 1189
(9 days)[13]
Election annulled;
5th shortest patriarchate
123LeontiusMarch – October 1189
(7 months)
Deposed
(122)DositheusOctober 1189 – 10 September 1191
(1 year and 11 months)
Restored
124George II
Xiphilinos
10 September 1191 – 7 July 1198
(6 years, 10 months less 3 days)
Relative of Patriarch John VIII
125John X
Kamateros
5 August 1198 – 12 April 1204
(5 years, 8 months and 7 days)
Relative of Patriarch Basil II

1208–1261 (in Nicaea)

[edit]

On 12 April 1204, theFourth Crusadesacked and conquered Constantinople. The Crusaders established theirown line of Catholic patriarchs in the city, while the former Orthodox patriarch John X fled in exile toThrace. John X died in Thrace in the spring of 1206.[14]

After 1204, various Byzantine warlords struggled to establish their legitimacy and sought to reconquer Constantinople. One of the major contenders,Theodore I Laskaris ofNicaea, sought legitimacy through religion. He invited John X to Nicaea, though the deposed patriarch refused the invitation up until his death.[14] After John's death, Laskaris sent letters toPope Innocent III in hopes of authorizing Orthodox clerics to elect a new Orthodox patriarch and seeking recognition of himself as the supreme head of the Orthodox community, though both requests were ignored by the pope.[15] In 1208, Laskaris nevertheless appointed his own new patriarch,Michael IV of Constantinople, who in turn formally crowned Laskaris as emperor.[16] The status of the "Patriarchs of Constantinople" based in Nicaea remained disputed outside of the Empire of Nicaea until the reconquest of Constantinople in 1261.[17]

#NameTenureNotes
126Michael IV
Autoreianos
20 April 1208 – 26 August 1212
(4 years, 4 months and 6 days)
127Theodore II
Kopas or Koupas
28 September 1213 – 31 January 1216
(2 year, 4 months and 3 days)
128Maximus II3 June – December 1216
(6 months)
129Manuel I
Sarantenos or Karantenos
Charitopoulos
May 1217 – May/June 1222
(5 years)
130Germanus II
Nauplius
4 January 1223 – June 1240
(17 years and 5 months)
131Methodius IImid/late 1240
(3 months)
132Manuel IIc. September 1243 – 3 November 1254[f]
(11 years)
133St.Arsenius
Autoreianos
November 1254 – February/March 1260
(5 years and 3/4 months)
Relative of Patriarch Michael IV;
deposed
134Nicephorus IIc. March 1260 –c. February 1261
(11 months approx.)
(133)St.ArseniusMarch/June – 15 August 1261
(a few months)

Constantinople wascaptured by the Empire of Nicaea on 25 July 1261. The Emperor and his court arrived to Constantinople the next month. TheLatin (Catholic) Patriarchate of Constantinople continued in exile until 1964.

1261–1453

[edit]
#NameTenureNotes
(133)St.Arsenius15 August 1261 – May/June 1264
(2 years and 9/10 months)
Deposed; died on 30 September 1273
135Germanus III28 May 1265 – 14 September 1266
(1 year, 3 months and 17 days)
Resigned
136St.Joseph I1 January 1266[g] – 9 January 1275
(8 years and 8 days)
Deposed; died 1283
137John XI2 June 1275[h] – 26 December 1282
(7 years, 6 months and 24 days)
Deposed; died 1297
(136)Joseph I31 December 1282 – 23 March 1283
(2 months and 23 days)
Restored
138Gregory II11 April 1283 – June 1289
(6 years and 2 months)
Resigned; died 1290
139St.Athanasius I14 October 1289 – 16 October 1293
(4 years and 2 days)
Resigned
140John XII1 January 1294 – 21 June 1303
(9 years, 6 months and 20 days)
Resigned
(139)St.Athanasius I23 June 1303 –c. September 1309
(6 years and 3 months)
Restored; resigned
141Nephon I9 May 1310 – 11 April 1314
(3 years, 11 months and 2 days)
Deposed; died 3 September 1328
142John XIII12 May 1315 – 11 May 1319
(4 years lacking 1 day)
Resigned
143Gerasimus I21 March 1320 – 20 April 1321
(1 year and 30 days)
144Isaias11 November 1323 – December 1327
(4 years and 1 month)
24 May 1328 – 13 May 1332
(4 years lacking 19 days)
Deposed by EmperorAndronikos II;
restored by EmperorAndronikos III
145John XIVFebruary 1334 – 2 February 1347
(13 years)
Deposed; died 29 December 1347 (aged 65)
146Isidore I17 May 1347 – February/March 1350
(2 years and 9/10 months)
147St.Callistus I10 June 1350 – 15 August 1353
(3 years, 2 months and 5 days)
Deposed
148Philotheus IAugust 1353 – December 1354
(1 year and 4 months)
Deposed
(147)Callistus IJanuary 1355 – August 1363
(8 years and 7 months)
Restored; died in August 1363
(148)Philotheus I8 February 1364 –c. August 1376
(12 years and 6 months)
Deposed after the coup of
Andronikos IV Palaiologos; died in 1379
149Macariusc. June 1377 – July 1379
(2 years and 1 month)
Deposed after the
restoration ofJohn V Palaiologos
150NilusMarch/April 1380 – 1 February 1388
(7 years and 10/11 months)
151Antony IVJanuary 1389 – July 1390
(1 year and 6 months)
Deposed
(149)Macarius30 July – late September 1390
(2 months or less)
Deposed after the fall ofJohn VII Palaiologos
(151)Antony IVc. September 1390 – May 1397
(6 years and 8 months)
Restored
152St.Callistus II17 May –c. August 1397
(3 months)
153Matthew IOctober 1397 – summer 1402
(4 years and a half)
June 1403 – 10 August 1410
(7 years and 2 months)
Deposed in the absence of
Manuel II Palaiologos; restored on his return
154Euthymius II26 October 1410 – 29 March 1416
(5 years, 5 months and 3 days)
155Joseph II21 May 1416 – 10 June 1439
(23 years, 1 month and 20 days)
156Metrophanes II4 May 1440 – 1 August 1443
(3 years, 2 months and 27 days)
157Gregory IIIsummer 1445 – summer 1450
(5 years)
Deposed; died in 1459
158Athanasius IIsummer 1450 – 1453
(3 years)
Existence contested

On 29 May 1453Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks, thus marking theend of the Byzantine Empire. TheEcumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople became subject to theOttoman Empire.

1453–1466

[edit]
#NameTenureNotes
159Gennadius II
Scholarios
6 January 1454 – 6 January 1456
(2 years)
Resigned; diedc. 1472
160Isidore II
Xanthopoulos
January 1456 – 31 March 1462
(6 years and 2 months)

There are different suggestions by scholars for the succession of the Patriarchs from 1462 to 1466, all of whom resigned. The main positions are the following:

According to Kiminas (2009):[4]

  • 161.Joasaph I, 1 April 1462 – 10 April 1463
    • Gennadius II, April 1463 – June 1463
  • 162.Sophronius I, June 1463 – August 1464
    • Gennadius II, August 1464 – autumn 1465
  • 163.Mark II, autumn 1465 – autumn 1466
  • 164.Symeon I, autumn 1466 – late 1466

According to Laurent (1968):[18]

  • 161.Joasaph I, April 1462 – April 1463
    • Gennadius II, April 1463 – May 1463
  • 162.Sophronius I, May 1463 – July 1464
    • Gennadius II, August 1464 – autumn 1465
  • 163.Symeon I, autumn 1465
  • 164.Mark II, early 1466 – autumn 1466

According to Gemanos of Sardeis (1933–1938):[19]

    • Gennadius II, summer 1462 – summer 1463
  • 161.Sophronius I, August 1463 – August 1464
    • Gennadius II, August 1464 – autumn 1464
  • 162.Joasaph I, early 1465 – early 1466
  • 163.Mark II, early 1466 – mid-1466
  • 164.Symeon I, mid-1466 – late 1466

1466–1822

[edit]

The chronology up to the year 1595 is somewhat disputed by authors.

#NameTenureNotes
165St.Dionysius Ilate 1466 – late 1471
(5 years)
Resigned; died 1492
(164)Symeon I (2nd time)late 1471 – early 1475
(3 years)
Restored; resigned
166Raphael Iearly 1475 – early 1476
(1 year)
Deposed and imprisoned
167St.Maximus III1476 – 3 April 1482
(6 years or less)
(164)Symeon I (3rd time)April 1482 – autumn 1486
(4 years)
168St.Nephon IIlate 1486 – early 1488
(1 year)
Deposed
(165)Dionysius I (2nd time)July 1488 – late 1490
(2 years)
Restored; resigned
169Maximus IV1491–1497
(6 years)
(168)Nephon II (2nd time)1497–1498
(1 year)
Resigned
170Joachim I1498–1502
(4 years)
Deposed
(168)Nephon II (3rd time)1502
(briefly)
Deposed; died 11 August 1508
171Pachomius I1503–1504
(1 year)
Deposed
(170)Joachim I (2nd time)1504
(briefly)
(171)Pachomius I (2nd time)1504–1513
(9 years)
172Theoleptus IMid-1513 – December 1522
(9 years)
173St.Jeremias I31 Dec 1522 – April/May 1524
(1 year and 4/5 months)
Deposed
174Joannicius IApril/May 1524 – 24 September 1525
(1 year and 4/5 months)
Deposed
(173)Jeremias I (2nd time)24 September 1525 – 13 January 1546
(20 years, 3 months and 20 days)
175Dionysius II17 April 1546 – July 1556
(10 years and 3 months)
176Joasaph IIJuly/August 1556 – 15 January 1565
(8 years and 5/6 months)
Deposed
177Metrophanes IIIJanuary/February 1565 – 4 May 1572
(7 years and 2/3 months)
Resigned
178Jeremias II5 May 1572 – 23 November 1579
(7 years, 6 months and 18 days)
Resigned
(177)Metrophanes III (2nd time)25 November 1579 – 9 August 1580
(8 months and 15 days)
(178)Jeremias II (2nd time)August 1580 – 22 February 1584
(3 years and 6 months)
Deposed and exiled
179Pachomius II22 February 1584 – February 1585
(1 year lacking a few days)
Deposed
180Theoleptus II16 February 1585 – May 1586
(1 year and 3 months)
Deposed
(178)Jeremias II (3rd time)April 1587 – September 1595
(8 years and 5 months)
Deposed
181Matthew IIFebruary 1596
(20 days)
Deposed
182Gabriel IMarch – August 1596[i]
(5 months)
183Theophanes IAugust 1596 – 26 March 1597
(6 months)
184Meletius Ic. 30 March 1597 – March 1598
(1 year)
Greek Patriarch of Alexandria; resigned;
died on 12 September 1601 (aged 52)
(181)Matthew II (2nd time)April 1598 – January 1602
(3 years and 9 months)
Restored and resigned
185Neophytus IIc. February 1602 – January 1603
(about 11 months)
Deposed and exiled
(181)Matthew II (3rd time)January – early February 1603
(17 days)
Died after 17 days
186Raphael IIFebruary 1603 – October 1607
(4 years and 8 months)
Resigned; died a few months later
(185)Neophytus II (2nd time)15 October 1607 – October 1612
(5 years)
Deposed and exiled
187Cyril IOctober 1612
(21 days)
Greek Patriarch of Alexandria; resigned
188Timothy IINovember 1612 – 3 September 1620
(7 years and 10 months)
(187)Cyril I (2nd time)4 November 1620 – 12 April 1623
(2 years, 5 months and 8 days)
Deposed
189Gregory IV12 April – 18 June 1623
(2 months and 6 days)
Deposed and exiled
190Anthimus II18 June – 22 September 1623
(3 months and 4 days)
Resigned
(187)Cyril I (3rd time)22 September 1623 – 4 October 1633
(10 years and 12 days)
Deposed
191Cyril II
Kontares
4 – 11 October 1633
(7 days)
Deposed and exiled after a week; 3rd
shortest patriarchate (withGabriel II)
(187)Cyril I (4th time)11 October 1633 – 25 February 1634
(4 months and 14 days)
Deposed
192Athanasius III
Patelaros
25 February – early April 1634
(1 month and a few days)
Deposed
(187)Cyril I (5th time)April 1634 – March 1635
(11 months)
Deposed
(191)Cyril II (2nd time)March 1635 – June 1636
(1 year and 3 months)
Deposed and exiled
193Neophytus IIIJune 1636 – March 1637
(9 months)
Resigned
(187)Cyril I (6th time)March 1637 – 20 June 1638
(1 year and 3 months)
Deposed and killed by the
Janissaries on 27 June 1638 (aged 66)
(191)Cyril II (3rd time)20 June 1638 – late June 1639
(1 year)
Deposed and exiled;
arrested on 24 June 1640
194Parthenius I1 July 1639 – 8 September 1644
(5 years)
Deposed and exiled
195Parthenius II8 September 1644 – 16 November 1646
(2 years, 2 months and 8 days)
Deposed and exiled
196Joannicius II16 November 1646 – 28 October 1648
(1 year, 11 months and 12 days)
Deposed
(195)Parthenius II (2nd time)29 October 1648 – 16 May 1651
(2 years, 6 months and 18 days)
Killed by the Janissaries
(196)Joannicius II (2nd time)June 1651 – June 1652
(1 year)
Deposed
197Cyril IIIJune 1652
(8 days)
Deposed and exiled;
4th
shortest patriarchate
(192)Athanasius III (2nd time)June 1652
(15 days)
Resigned; died on 5 April 1654;
6th shortest patriarchate
198Paisius IJuly 1652 – April 1653
(9 months)
Resigned
(196)Joannicius II (3rd time)April 1653 – March 1654
(11 months)
Deposed
(197)Cyril III (2nd time)March 1654
(14 days)
Deposed and exiled again
(198)Paisus I (2nd time)March 1654 – March 1655
(1 year)
Deposed
(196)Joannicius II (4th time)March 1655 – July 1656
(1 year and 4 months)
Deposed; died in 1660
199St.Parthenius III26 July 1656 – 24 March 1657
(8 months)
Executed
200Gabriel II23 – 30 April 1657
(7 days)
Deposed; killed on 3 December 1659;
3rd shortest patriarchate (withCyril II)
201Parthenius IV1 May 1657 – June 1662
(5 years and 1 month)
Resigned
202Dionysius III29 June 1662 – 21 October 1665
(4 years, 3 months and 22 days)
Deposed, died on 28 August 1696
(201)Parthenius IV (2nd time)21 October 1665 – 9 September 1667
(1 year, 10 months and 19 days)
Deposed and exiled
203Clement9 September 1667 – 5 January 1668
(3 months and 27 days)
Bought the position of patriarch;
deposed and exiled
204Methodius III5 January 1668 – March 1671
(3 years and 2 months)
Resigned
(201)Parthenius IV (3rd time)March – 7 September 1671
(6 months)
Deposed and exiled
205Dionysius IV8 November 1671 – 25 July 1673
(1 year, 8 years and 17 days)
Deposed
206Gerasimus II25 July 1673 – December 1674
(1 year and 5 months)
Deposed; died 6 February 1689
(201)Parthenius IV (4th time)1 January 1675 – 29 July 1676
(1 year, 6 months and 28 days)
Deposed
(205)Dionysius IV (2nd time)29 July 1676 – 30 July 1679
(3 years and 1 day)
Deposed
207Athanasius IV30 July – 10 August 1679
(11 days)
Deposed and exiled
208James10 August 1679 – 30 July 1682
(2 years, 11 months and 20 days)
Resigned
(205)Dionysius IV (3rd time)10 July 1682 – 30 March 1684
(1 year, 8 months and 20 days)
Resigned
(201)Parthenius IV (5th time)10 March 1684 – 20 March 1685
(1 year and 10 days)
Resigned
(208)James (2nd time)20 March 1685 – March 1686
(1 year)
Deposed
(205)Dionysius IV (4th time)March 1686 – 17 October 1687
(1 year and 7 months)
Deposed
(208)James (3rd time)12 October 1687 – 3 March 1688
(4 months and 22 days)
Resigned; died March 1690
209Callinicus II3 March – 27 November 1688
(8 months and 24 days)
Deposed
210Neophytus IV27 November 1688 – 7 March 1689
(3 months and 10 days)
Deposed
(209)Callinicus II (2nd time)7 March 1689 – July 1693
(4 years and 4 months)
Deposed
(205)Dionysius IV (5th time)August 1693 – April 1694
(8 months)
Deposed; died 23 September 1696
(209)Callinicus II (3rd time)April 1694 – 8 August 1702
(8 years and 4 months)
211Gabriel III29 August 1702 – 25 October 1707
(5 years and 2 months)
212Neophytus V20 – 25 October 1707
(5 days)
2nd shortest patriarchate; not recognized
by the Sultan
213Cyprianus25 October 1707 – May 1709
(1 year and 7 months)
Deposed and exiled
214Athanasius VMay 1709 – 4 December 1711
(2 years and 7 months)
Resigned
215Cyril IVDecember 1711 – November 1713
(1 year and 11 months)
Resigned; died 1728
(213)Cyprianus (2nd)November 1713 – 28 February 1714
(3 months)
Resigned
216Cosmas III28 February 1714 – 23 March 1716
(2 years and 24 days)
Resigned; died 28 Nov 1736
217Jeremias III23 March 1716 – 19 November 1726
(10 years, 8 months and 27 days)
Deposed and exiled
218Callinicus III19 – 20 November 1726
(1 day)
Shortest patriarchate; died the day after
his election. Sometimes not counted.
219Paisius II20 November 1726 – September 1732
(5 years and 10 months)
Deposed and exiled
(217)Jeremias III (2nd time)15 September 1732 – March 1733
(6 months)
Deposed and exiled; died October 1735
220Seraphim IMarch 1733 – September 1734
(1 year and 6 months)
Deposed and exiled
221Neophytus VI27 September 1734 – August 1740
(5 years and 11 months)
Deposed
(219)Paisius II (2nd time)August 1740 – May 1743
(2 years and 9 months)
Deposed
(221)Neophytus VI (2nd time)May 1743 – March 1744
(11 months)
Deposed and exiled;
died February/March 1747
(219)Paisius II (3rd time)March 1744 – 28 September 1748
(4 years and 6 months)
Resigned
222Cyril V28 September 1748 – May 1751
(2 years and 8 months)
Deposed
(219)Paisius II (4th time)May 1751 – September 1752
(1 year and 4 months)
Deposed;
died October/December 1756
(222)Cyril V (2nd time)7 September 1752 – 16 January 1757
(4 years, 4 months and 9 days)
Deposed and exiled;
died 27 July 1775
223Callinicus IV16 January – 22 July 1757
(6 months and 6 days)
Deposed and exiled;
died in 1791 (aged 78)
224Seraphim II22 July 1757 – 26 March 1761
(3 years, 8 months and 4 days)
Deposed and exiled;
died on 7 December 1779
225Joannicius III26 March 1761 – 21 May 1763
(2 years, 4 months and 27 days)
Deposed and exiled
226Samuel24 May 1763 – 5 November 1768
(5 years, 5 months and 12 days)
Deposed and exiled
227Meletius II5 November 1768 – 11 April 1769
(5 months and 6 days)
Imprisoned, then deposed and exiled
228Theodosius II11 April 1769 – 16 November 1773
(4 years, 7 months and 5 days)
Deposed
(226)Samuel (2nd time)17 November 1773 – 24 December 1774
(1 year, 1 month and 7 days)
Deposed;
died 10 May 1775
229Sophronius II24 December 1774 – 8 October 1780
(5 years, 9 months and 15 days)
FormerPatriarch of Jerusalem
230Gabriel IV8 October 1780 – 29 June 1785
(4 years, 8 months and 21 days)
231Procopius29 June 1785 – 30 April 1789
(3 years, 10 months and 1 day)
Deposed and exiled;
died 13 March 1812 (aged about 82)
232Neophytus VII1 May 1789 – 1 March 1794
(4 years and 10 months)
Deposed and exiled
233Gerasimus III3 March 1794 – 19 April 1797
(3 years, 1 month and 16 days)
Resigned
234St.Gregory V19 April 1797 – 18 December 1798
(1 year, 7 months and 29 days)
Deposed and exiled
(232)Neophytus VII (2nd time)19 December 1798 – 17 June 1801
(2 years, 5 months and 29 days)
Deposed and exiled
235Callinicus V17 June 1801 – 22 September 1806
(5 years, 3 months and 5 days)
Resigned
(234)Gregory V (2nd time)23 September 1806 – 10 September 1808
(2 years lacking 13 days)
Resigned
(235)Callinicus V (2nd time)10 September 1808 – 23 April 1809
(7 months and 13 days)
Deposed
236Jeremias IV23 April 1809 – 4 March 1813
(4 years and 11 days)
Resigned; died 5 March 1824
237Cyril VI4 March 1813 – 13 December 1818
(5 years, 9 months and 9 days)
Executed on 18 April 1821, aged 46
(seeGreek War of Independence)
(234)Gregory V (3rd time)14 December 1818 – 10 April 1821
(2 years, 2 months and 27 days)
Deposed and executed;
killed at the age of 75
238Eugenius II10 April 1821 – 27 July 1822
(1 year, 3 months and 17 days)

1822–1923

[edit]

Greece, which wasrecognized as an independent country in 1830,adopted the modern Gregorian calendar in 1923, followed by Turkey in 1926. The difference between theGregorian andJulian calendars is of 12 days, meaning that some sources may give a different date depending on the calendar used (see alsoOld Style and New Style dates). The list follows the Julian dates used at the time in Greece and the Ottoman Empire.

#PortraitNameTenureNotesLifespan
239Anthimus III
Άνθιμος Γ΄
28 July 1822 – 9 July 1824
(1 year, 11 months and 11 days)
Deposed and exiled† 13 August 1842
240Chrysanthus
Χρύσανθος
9 July 1824 – 26 September 1826
(6 years, 2 months and 18 days)
Deposed and exiled1768 – 10 September 1834
(aged 66)
241Agathangelus
Αγαθάγγελος
26 September 1826 – 5 July 1830
(3 years, 7 months and 10 days)
Deposed and exiled† 30 November 1831
242Constantius I
Κωνστάντιος Α΄
6 July 1830 – 18 August 1834
(4 years, 1 month and 12 days)
Resigned1770 – 5 January 1859
(aged 89)

On 23 July 1833, theChurch of Greece declared itselfautocephalous. It was followed by theRomanian Orthodox Church in 1864, theBulgarian Exarchate in 1872, and theSerbian Orthodox Church in 1879, thus reducing the territorial extent of theEcumenical Patriarchate's jurisdiction.

#PortraitNameTenureNotesLifespan
243Constantius II
Κωνστάντιος Β΄
18 August 1834 – 26 September 1835
(1 year, 1 month and 8 days)
Deposed1780 – 17 June 1859
(aged 79)
244Gregory VI
Fourtouniadis

Γρηγόριος ΣΤ΄
27 September 1835 – 20 February 1840
(4 years, 4 months and 24 days)
Deposed1798 – 8 June 1881
(aged 83)
245Anthimus IV
Vamvakis

Άνθιμος Δ΄
20 February 1840 – 6 May 1841
(1 year, 2 months and 16 days)
Deposed1788 – 1878
(aged 90)
246Anthimus V
Chrysafidis

Άνθιμος Ε΄
6 May 1841 – 12 June 1842
(1 year, 1 month and 6 days)
† 12 June 1842
247Germanus IV
Γερμανός Δ΄
14 June 1842 – 18 April 1845
(2 years, 10 months and 4 days)
Deposed1788 – 16 September 1853
(aged 65)
248Meletius III
Pangalos

Μελέτιος Γ΄
18 April – 28 November 1845
(7 months and 10 days)
1772 – 28 November 1845
(aged 73)
249Anthimus VI
Ioannides

Άνθιμος ΣΤ΄
4 December 1845 – 18 October 1848
(2 years, 10 months and 14 days)
Deposed1782 – 1878
(aged 96)
(245)Anthimus IV
(2nd time)
18 October 1848 – 30 October 1852
(4 years and 12 days)
Deposed1788 – 1878
(aged 90)
(247)Germanus IV
(2nd time)
1 November 1852 – 16 September 1853
(10 months and 15 days)
1788 – 16 September 1853
(aged 65)
(249)Anthimus VI
(2nd time)
24 September 1853 – 21 September 1855
(1 year, 11 months and 28 days)
Deposed1782 – 1878
(aged 96)
250Cyril VII
Κύριλλος Ζ΄
21 September 1855 – 1 July 1860
(4 years, 9 months and 10 days)
Deposed1800 – 13 March 1872
(aged 72)
251Joachim II
Kokkodis

Ιωακείμ Β΄
4 October 1860 – 9 July 1863
(2 years, 9 months and 5 days)
Deposed1802 – 4 August 1878
(aged 76)
252Sophronius III
Meidantzoglous

Σωφρόνιος Γ΄
20 September 1863 – 4 December 1866
(3 years, 2 months and 14 days)
Resigned1802 – 22 August 1899
(aged 97)
(244)Gregory VI
(2nd time)
10 February 1867 – 10 June 1871
(4 years and 4 months)
Resigned1798 – 8 June 1881
(aged 83)
(249)Anthimus VI
(3rd time)
5 September 1871 – 30 September 1873
(2 years and 25 days)
Resigned1782 – 18 October 1878
(aged 96)
(251)Joachim II
(2nd time)
23 November 1873 – 4 August 1878
(4 years, 8 months and 12 days)
1802 – 4 August 1878
(aged 76)
253Joachim III
Devetzis

Ιωακείμ Γ΄
4 October 1878 – 30 March 1884
(5 years, 5 months and 26 days)
Resigned30 January 1834 –
13 November 1912
(aged 78)
254Joachim IV
Krousouloudis

Ιωακείμ Δ΄
1 October 1884 – 14 November 1886
(2 years, 1 month and 11 days)
Resigned5 July 1837 – 15 February 1887
(aged 50)
255Dionysius V
Charitonidis

Διονύσιος Ε΄
4 February 1887 – 25 August 1891
(4 years, 6 months and 21 days)
22 March 1820 –
25 August 1891
(aged 71)
256Neophytus VIII
Papakonstantinou

Νεόφυτος Η΄
8 November 1891 – 6 November 1894
(2 years, 11 months and 29 days)
Resigned1832 – 18 July 1909
(aged 77)
257Anthimus VII
Tsatsos

Άνθιμος Ζ΄
1 February 1895 – 29 January 1897
(1 year, 11 months and 28 days)
Resigned1827 – 5 December 1913
(aged 86)
258Constantine V
Valiadis

Κωνσταντίνος Ε΄

14 April 1897 – 9 April 1901
(3 years, 11 months and 26 days)
Deposed11 January 1833 –
27 February 1914
(aged 81)
(253)Joachim III
(2nd time)
25 May 1901 – 13 November 1912
(11 years, 5 months and 19 days)
30 January 1834 – 30 November 1912
(aged 78)
259Germanus V
Kavvakopoulos

Γερμανός Ε΄
10 February 1913 – 25 October 1918
(5 years, 8 months and 15 days)
Resigned6 December 1835 –
28 July 1920
(aged 85)
260Meletius IV
Metaxakis

Μελέτιος Δ΄
8 December 1918 –
20 September 1923
(4 years, 9 months and 12 days)
Resigned,
alsoArchbishop of Athens and
Greek Patriarch of Alexandria
21 September 1871 –
28 July 1935
(aged 64)

On 24 July 1923, theOttoman Empire was dissolved and replaced by theRepublic of Turkey.

1923–present

[edit]
#PictureNameTenureNotesLifespan
261Gregory VII
Zervoudakis

Γρηγόριος Ζ΄
6 December 1923 – 17 November 1924
(11 months and 11 days)
21 September 1850 – 17 November 1924
(aged 74)
262Constantine VI
Arampoglous

Κωνσταντίνος ΣΤ΄
17 December 1924 – 22 May 1925
(5 months and 5 days)
Resigned after being
deported to Greece
1859 – 28 November 1930
(aged 71)
263Basil III
Georgiadis

Βασίλειος Γ'
13 July 1925 – 29 September 1929
(4 years, 2 months and 16 days)
1846 – 29 September 1929
(aged 83)
264Photius II
Maniatis

Φώτιος Β'
7 October 1929 – 29 December 1935
(6 years, 2 months and 22 days)
1874 – 29 December 1935
(aged 61)
265Benjamin I[j]
Βενιαμίν
18 January 1936 – 17 February 1946
(10 years and 30 days)
18 January 1871 – 17 February 1946
(aged 75)
266Maximus V
Vaportzis

Μάξιμος Ε'
20 February 1946 – 19 October 1948
(2 years, 7 months and 28 days)
Resigned1897 – 1 January 1972
(aged 74)
267Athenagoras I
Spyrou

Αθηναγόρας
1 November 1948 – 7 July 1972
(23 years, 8 months and 6 days)
6 April 1886 – 7 July 1972
(aged 86)
268Demetrios I
Papadopoulos

Δημήτριος
16 July 1972 – 2 October 1991
(19 years, 2 months and 16 days)
8 September 1914 – 2 October 1991
(aged 77)
269Bartholomew I
Arhondonis

Βαρθολομαίος
Since 2 November 1991
(33 years, 11 months and 20 days)
Current patriarchBorn on 29 February 1940
(aged 85)

Lengths of tenure

[edit]

Longest-reigning patriarchs

  1. Bartholomew (1991–present): 33 years+
  2. Sergius I (610–638): 28 years, 7 months and 21 days.
  3. Nicholas III Grammaticus (1084–1111): 26 years and 8 months
  4. Athenagoras (1948–1972): 23 years, 8 months and 6 days
  5. Joseph II (1416–1439): 23 years, 1 month and 20 days
  6. Theophylact Lekapenos (933–956): 23 years and 25 days
  7. John IX Agapetus (1111–1134): 22 years and 11 months
  8. Tarasios (784–806): 21 years, 2 months and 24 days
  9. Saint Jeremias I (2nd term, 1525–1546): 20 years, 3 months and 20 days
  10. Demetrius (1972–1991): 19 years, 2 months and 16 days

Shortest-reigning patriarchs[k]

  1. Callinicus III (19–20 November 1726): 1 day
  2. Neophytus V (20–25 October 1707): 5 days
  3. Cyril II of Constantinople (4–11 October 1633) andGabriel II (23–30 April 1657): 7 days
  4. Cyril III of Constantinople (June 1652): 8 days
  5. Dositheus of Constantinople (February 1189): 9 days
  6. Athanasius III Patelarios (2nd term, June 1653): 15 days
  7. Matthew II (3rd term, January 1603): 17 days
  8. Matthew II (1st term, February 1596): 20 days
  9. Cyril Lucaris (1st term, October 1612): 21 days
  10. Athanasius III (1st term, February–April 1634): 1 month and a few days

Patriarchal names

[edit]

The most frequently used patriarchal name is John, with 14 ecumenical patriarchs taking this name. There have also been 74 patriarchal names that have only been used once. The number of all patriarchs to the present is 269.

RankName#Ecumenical Patriarch
1John14I · II · III · IV · V · VI · VII · VIII · IX · X · XI · XII · XIII · XIV
2Neophytus8· II · III · IV ·· VI · VII · VIII
3Anthimus7· II · III · IV ·· VI · VII
Cyril· II · III · IV ·· VI · VII
Gregory· II · III · IV ·· VI · VII
6Constantine6· II · III · IV ·· VI
7Athanasius5· II · III · IV · V
Callinicus· II · III · IV · V
Dionysius· II · III · IV · V
Germanus· II · III · IV · V
Maximus· II · III · IV · V
12Antony4· II · III · IV
Gabriel· II · III · IV
Jeremias· II · III · IV
Joachim· II · III · IV
Meletius· II · III · IV
Michael· II · III · IV
Nicholas· II · III · IV
Parthenius· II · III · IV
Paul· II · III · IV
21Basil3· II · III
Cosmas· II · III
Gerasimus· II · III
Joannicius· II · III
Methodius· II · III
Metrophanes· II · III
Sophronius· II · III
28Callistus2· II
Constantius· II
Cyriacus· II
Eugenius· II
Euthymius· II
Gennadius· II
George· II
Isidore· II
Joasaph· II
Joseph· II
Macedonius· II
Manuel· II
Mark· II
Matthew· II
Nephon· II
Nicephorus· II
Nicetas· II
Pachomius· II
Paisius· II
Photius· II
Polycarpus· II
Raphael· II
Seraphim· II
Sergius· II
Sisinnius· II
Stephen· II
Theodore· II
Theodosius· II
Theodotus· II
Theoleptus· II
Thomas· II
Timothy· II
60Acacius1
Agathangelus
Alexander
Alexius
Alypius
Anastasius
Anatolius
Andrew
Arsacius
Arsenius
Athenagoras
Athenodorus
Atticus
Bartholomew(Incumbent)
Benjamin
Castinus
Chariton
Chrysanthus
Clement
Cyprianus
Demetrios
Demophilus
Diogenes
Dometius
Dositheus
Eleutherius
Epiphanius
Eudoxius
Euphemius
Eusebius
Eustathius
Eustratius
Eutychius
Euzois
Evagrius
Felix
Flavian
Fravitta
Ignatius
Isaias
James
Kyros
Laurence
Leo
Leontius
Luke
Macarius
Maximianus
Menas
Nectarius
Nestorius
Nilus
Olympianus
Onesimus
Pertinax
Peter
Philadelphus
Philotheus
Plutarch
Polyeuctus
Probus
Proclus
Procopius
Pyrrhus
Rufinus
Samuel
Sedecion
Stachys
Symeon
Tarasios
Theophanes
Theophylact
Titus
Tryphon


Notes and references

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Andrew's legend is not attested before the mid-9th century and was not fully accepted until the mid-11th.[1] The first list of bishops was allegedly written byDorotheus of Tyrec. 300 AD, but modern scholars have shown that this was a 9th-centuryforgery. In fact, "there is no evidence of any significant Christian community at Byzantium beforeMetrophanes of Byzantium... Had there been a pre-Constantinian Christian community in Byzantium, it would have been small and under the jurisdiction of a bishop of a neighboring region".[2] Almost all early sources refer to Metrophanes as the first bishop. His successor Alexander is often called the firstarchbishop, but this title doesn't appear to have been used before the 5th century.[3] The 10th-centuryPseudo-Simeon, probably using an independent source, states that there were indeed bishops before Metrophanes, but only recordsPhiladelphus of Byzantium (underCaracalla),Eugenius I of Byzantium (underGordian III) andRufinus of Byzantium (underNumerian). Either way, even if Metrophanes had predecessors (which seems unlikely), their names were not recorded.[1]
  2. ^Besides the first 25 bishops, some patriarchs likeCallinicus III of Constantinople andAthanasius II of Constantinople are sometimes not counted as legitimate holders of the office.
  3. ^There is some confusion surrounding the titulature of the early bishops. It is often stated that the title ofarchbishop was adopted shortly after 330.[6] TheDictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century refers toNectarius of Constantinople as the first archbishop,[7] whileVenance Grumel refers to him as the first patriarch. TheCatholic Encyclopedia states that he "may be counted its first patriarch".[8]Socrates of ConstantinopleHistoria Ecclesiastica (c. 440) indicate that the bishop was already called "patriarch" by his time.[3]
  4. ^Also known asTheodosius I.[5]
  5. ^Theodotus II was elected between March 1151 and April 1152 and died between October 1153 and October 1154. His successor Neophytus was elected between October 1153 and November 1154.[13]
  6. ^Sources do not agree on the exact years for the period 1240–1265.
  7. ^Elected on 28 December 1265.
  8. ^Elected on 28 March 1275.
  9. ^Theophanes Karykes served as patriarchlocum tenens until December 1596; after whichMeletius Pegas served as patriarch locum tenens until February 1597.
  10. ^Also recorded asBenjamin Psomas
  11. ^The unusual frequency of patriarchs deposed and restored, especially in the 17th and 18th centuries, has been noted by contemporaries.[20]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abDvornik, Francis (1958).The Idea of Apostolicity in Byzantium and the Legend of the Apostle Andrew(PDF).Harvard University Press. pp. 223–264.ISBN 978-0-88402-004-2.{{cite book}}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
  2. ^Limberis, Vasiliki (2002).Divine Heiress - The Virgin Mary and the Making of Christian Constantinople.Routledge. pp. 10–15.ISBN 978-1-134-86279-5.
  3. ^abODB, p. 155.
  4. ^abcKiminas, Demetrius (2009).The Ecumenical Patriarchate.Wildside Press. pp. 30–44.ISBN 978-1-4344-5876-6.
  5. ^ab"Κατάλογος Οικουμενικών Πατριαρχών - Οικουμενικό Πατριαρχείο" [List of Ecumenical Patriarchs] (in Greek). 2019.
  6. ^Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople.Encyclopædia Britannica.
  7. ^Alexander, St., bishop of Byzantium.Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century
  8. ^NectariusCatholic Encyclopedia
  9. ^"Bishops/Patriarchs of Constantinople".Internet History Sourcebooks Project. Retrieved27 July 2024.
  10. ^ODB, p. 520–523.
  11. ^Lawler, Jennifer (2015).Encyclopedia of the Byzantine Empire.McFarland & Company. pp. 327–328.ISBN 978-1-4766-0929-4.
  12. ^"Pope Saint Leo I and Council of Chalcedon", Papal Encyclicals Online,https://www.papalencyclicals.net/councils/ecum04.htm. Accessed 23 January 2025.
  13. ^abGrumel, Venance (1943)."La chronologie des patriarches de Constantinople de 1111 à 1206".Revue des études byzantines.1: 263.doi:10.3406/rebyz.1943.909. Retrieved23 July 2015.
  14. ^abTreadgold, Warren (1997).A History of the Byzantine State and Society. Stanford, California:Stanford University Press. p. 713.ISBN 0-8047-2630-2.
  15. ^Angold, Michael (2017) [2008]. "After the Fourth Crusade - the Greek rump states and the recovery of Byzantium". In Shepard, Jonathan (ed.).The Cambridge History of the Byzantine Empire,c. 500–1492. Cambridge University Press. pp. 742–743.ISBN 9781409410980.
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  17. ^Fine, John V. A. Jr. (1994) [1987].The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. p. 91.ISBN 978-0-472-10079-8.OCLC 749133662.
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  19. ^Σαρδεων Γερμανος (1933–1938). "Συµβολή εις τους πατριαρχικούς καταλόγους Κωνσταντινουπόλεως από της αλώσεως και εξής".Ορθοδοξια (in Greek) (8–13).
  20. ^Clogg, Richard (2013).A Concise History of Greece.Cambridge University Press. p. 13.ISBN 978-1-107-65644-4.

See also

[edit]

External links

[edit]
  • Patriarchate.org, Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
  • EC-patr.org List of Ecumenical Patriarchs from the official website of the Ecumenical Patriarchate
Bishops ofByzantium
(Roman period, 38–330 AD)
Archbishops ofConstantinople
(Roman period, 330–451 AD)
Patriarchs of Constantinople
(Byzantine period, 451–1453 AD)
Patriarchs of Constantinople
(Ottoman period, 1453–1923 AD)
Patriarchs of Constantinople
(Turkish period, since 1923 AD)
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