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List of countries by government debt

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

100% or more,75%–100%,50%–75%,25%–50%,less than 25%,no data.Total (gross) government debt as a percent ofGDP by IMF in 2024.
General government debt in OECD (% of GDP)

This article contains alist of countries by government debt.Grossgovernment debt is government financial liabilities that are debt instruments.[1]: 81  Adebt instrument is a financial claim that requires payment of interest and/or principal by the debtor to the creditor in the future. Examples include debt securities (such asbonds and bills), loans, and government employee pension obligations.[1]: 207 Net debt equals gross debt minus financial assets that are debt instruments.[1]: 208, s7.243  Net debt estimates are not always available since some government assets are difficult to value, such as loans made at concessional rates.[1]: 208–209, s7.246 

Changes in government debt over time reflect primarily borrowing due to past government deficits.[2] A deficit occurs when a government's expenditures exceed revenues.[3][1]: 79–82 

In the list below, government debt is measured for thegeneral government sector because the level of government responsible for programs (for example, health care) differs across countries, and the general government comprises central, state, provincial, regional, and local governments, and social security funds.[1]: 18, s2.58, s2.59 

To make the numbers comparable across countries of different sizes, government debt is measured as a percentage of a country'sgross domestic product (GDP). For context on the magnitude of the debt numbers,European Union member countries have an agreement, theStability and Growth Pact (SGP), to maintain a general government gross debt of no more than 60% of GDP.[4] The aim of the SGP is to prevent excessive debt burdens.[5]

Government debt as a percentage of GDP in percentage points

[edit]

When data is not available, numbers are International Monetary Fund (IMF) staff estimates.

General governmentdebt-to-GDP ratio in %
Country and regionGeneral government
gross debt (2025)[6]		Gross debt
(2022)[7]		Net debt
(2021)[8]
Albania54.367.58164.1
Algeria57.852.39751.9
Andorra32.038.788
Angola64.567.050
Antigua and Barbuda63.490.562
Argentina73.184.466
Armenia54.549.273
Aruba71.192.004
Australia50.955.70234.6
Austria82.977.78660.6
Azerbaijan21.020.675
Bahamas79.489.414
Bahrain141.4117.587
Bangladesh40.339.088
Barbados97.7120.781134.3
Belarus42.939.753
Belgium106.4105.27093.7
Belize59.564.141
Benin52.552.386
Bhutan102.9124.795
Bolivia92.482.61670.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina33.829.55622.0
Botswana43.019.94914.2
Brazil92.085.90657.2
Brunei Darussalam2.22.063
Bulgaria28.021.84413.7
Burkina Faso50.254.309
Burundi35.368.300
Cape Verde109.6127.407130.5
Cambodia29.136.533
Cameroon39.946.43244.1
Canada112.5106.59031.6
Central African Republic58.350.687
Chad33.950.367
Chile43.037.97720.1
China96.377.097
Colombia59.763.62656.8
Comoros32.529.064
Democratic Republic of the Congo16.314.580
Republic of the Congo91.499.565
Costa Rica59.763.768
Côte d'Ivoire58.156.750
Croatia55.967.535
Cyprus60.386.50151.0
Czech Republic44.242.34926.4
Denmark26.629.65811.0
Djibouti31.240.61445.8
Dominica97.8104.788
Dominican Republic58.258.91949.3
Ecuador–57.303
Egypt86.688.53484.5
El Salvador87.977.236
Equatorial Guinea35.127.14729.7
Eritrea–163.769
Estonia25.417.1604.4
Eswatini37.845.35338.0
Ethiopia41.846.37249.6
Fiji78.292.80282.2
Finland86.474.80734.1
France116.3111.063101.1
Gabon79.255.054
Gambia67.583.952
Georgia (country)35.839.772
Germany65.466.53547.0
Ghana66.488.76777.3
Greece142.2177.434
Grenada71.464.508
Guatemala27.230.127
Guinea39.633.404
Guinea-Bissau79.479.529
Guyana27.727.80938.4
Haiti11.825.010
Honduras43.050.022
Hong Kong SAR11.84.255
Hungary73.576.35169.8
Iceland52.968.72659.5
India80.483.126
Indonesia41.039.93437.9
Iran39.934.00636.1
Iraq50.243.300
Ireland36.745.19050.4
Israel69.160.93165.1
Italy137.3144.696138.3
Jamaica64.684.124
Japan234.9261.289168.1
Jordan92.689.42591.8
Kazakhstan25.423.497-3.3
Kenya68.367.93662.6
Kiribati8.815.214
South Korea54.554.33120.9
Kosovo18.519.319
Kuwait7.42.923
Kyrgyz Republic38.553.528
Laos91.4128.514
Latvia48.341.60934.5
Lesotho59.757.90717.5
Liberia56.555.36648.6
Lithuania41.839.56139.8
Luxembourg26.424.305-10.8
Macau0.00.000
Madagascar51.356.989
Malawi73.070.139
Malaysia70.166.265
Maldives140.8114.943
Mali51.753.21844.8
Malta49.355.82946.2
Marshall Islands15.321.196
Mauritania45.747.74048.6
Mauritius83.480.869
Mexico60.756.02949.9
Micronesia9.214.026
Moldova36.333.523
Mongolia42.682.427
Montenegro60.371.231
Morocco68.968.78868.4
Mozambique101.1104.516
Myanmar62.663.896
Namibia63.971.27870.8
Nauru15.224.265
  Nepal49.443.830
Netherlands43.348.50742.8
New Zealand55.352.79214.5
Nicaragua38.445.956
Niger43.451.07645.0
Nigeria52.538.01736.2
North Macedonia52.951.79952.3
Norway42.739.603-86.7
Oman35.440.14825.5
Pakistan73.675.75367.4
Palau64.7-
Panama58.154.89240.8
Papua New Guinea52.049.193
Paraguay43.940.87033.4
Peru33.733.37319.2
Philippines58.157.520
Poland60.749.57740.8
Portugal91.8116.048120.1
Puerto Rico18.716.312
Qatar40.545.308
Romania61.648.72842.3
Russia21.419.597
Rwanda77.664.425
Saint Kitts and Nevis60.264.752
Saint Lucia73.683.484
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines93.586.799
Samoa22.543.727
San Marino64.181.166
São Tomé and Príncipe37.358.099
Saudi Arabia34.822.57317.7
Senegal111.474.970
Serbia44.453.53952.6
Seychelles59.363.42762.4
Sierra Leone44.398.848
Singapore174.9134.159
Slovakia60.158.82151.3
Slovenia68.070.24549.5
Solomon Islands23.716.8537.3
South Africa79.671.01663.2
South Sudan63.239.63964.6
Spain100.6111.978102.8
Sri Lanka–117.661-
Sudan252.0127.552-
Suriname86.6123.158-
Sweden33.731.6868.5
 Switzerland36.939.12221.6
Taiwan24.027.46526.5
Tajikistan28.434.631-
Tanzania47.141.622-
Thailand64.560.542-
Timor-Leste13.97.490-
Togo69.568.037-
Tonga44.146.581
Trinidad and Tobago67.853.75011.5
Tunisia82.979.364
Turkey26.731.17833.8
Turkmenistan4.55.186
Tuvalu3.37.587
Uganda54.050.834
Ukraine110.081.693
United Arab Emirates32.829.958
United Kingdom103.9102.63684.3
United States122.5121.68399.6
Uruguay68.561.00054.7
Uzbekistan33.034.295
Vanuatu48.545.752
Venezuela–157.809
Vietnam33.637.091
Palestinian territories–59.776
Yemen71.273.53169.3
Zambia–-117.5
Zimbabwe58.692.824

Public debt per capita

[edit]
Public debt per capita (2017)
Country(PPP)
[9][10][11]		(Forex)
[9][10][12]		Other
year
 Japan *$102,503$91,768
 Singapore *$97,852$60,016
 Qatar *$77,278$37,990
 Greece *$50,562$33,905
 Italy *$49,060$41,056
 Ireland *$47,822$44,871
 Belgium *$47,291$44,119
 United States *$46,645$46,645
 Canada *$44,348$41,323
 Bahrain *$43,659$21,673
 France *$41,040$37,189
 Austria *$39,419$37,310
 United Kingdom *$39,311$35,320
 Portugal *$38,127$26,462
 Bermuda *$37,015$37,0152016
 Spain *$35,466$26,210
 Germany *$33,349$29,394
 Aruba *$30,674$19,9182016
 Netherlands *$30,452$27,415
 Barbados *$28,001$26,777
 Finland *$27,111$27,986
 Switzerland *$26,367$34,225
 Norway *$25,900$27,095
 Cyprus *$25,047$17,103
 Slovenia *$24,939$17,110
 Luxembourg *$23,582$23,742
 Israel *$22,922$25,351
 Malta *$21,746$14,204
 Antigua and Barbuda *$21,709$13,796
 Australia *$21,695$23,990
 Hungary *$21,693$10,427
 Lebanon *$21,238$13,039
 Iceland *$21,169$28,505
 Sweden *$21,048$21,763
 Kuwait *$20,462$8,525
 Puerto Rico *$20,360$16,320
 Bahamas *$19,796$19,960
 Oman *$19,326$7,196
 U.S. Virgin Islands *$19,292$25,819
 Croatia *$18,601$9,976
 Seychelles *$18,482$10,068
 Saint Kitts and Nevis *$18,363$11,420
 Taiwan *$18,027$8,682
 Denmark *$17,487$19,784
 Slovakia *$16,798$8,970
 Andorra *$15,915$12,9732016
 Malaysia *$15,873$5,313
 South Korea *$15,633$11,830
 Uruguay *$15,241$11,540
 Poland *$14,829$6,912
 Equatorial Guinea *$14,783$5,858
 Trinidad and Tobago *$14,735$7,834
 San Marino *$14,726$11,722
 United Arab Emirates *$14,133$7,769
 Faroe Islands *$13,728$18,9692015
 Mauritius *$13,262$6,253
 New Zealand *$13,180$14,045
 Brazil *$13,064$8,265
 Lithuania *$13,000$6,717
 Egypt *$12,474$2,450
 Czech Republic *$12,206$7,007
 Montenegro *$12,122$5,234
 Argentina *$11,884$8,217
 Mongolia *$11,701$3,281
 Maldives *$11,236$7,335
 Saint Lucia *$10,859$7,202
 Gabon *$10,847$4,418
 Mexico *$10,618$4,962
 Panama *$10,353$6,150
 Grenada *$10,252$7,021
 Nauru *$10,235$7,293
 Latvia *$10,194$5,724
 Suriname *$10,069$3,963
 Belarus *$10,055$3,051
 Bhutan *$9,993$3,336
 Sri Lanka *$9,663$3,060
 Iraq *$9,644$2,858
 Jamaica *$9,360$5,305
 Serbia *$9,333$3,658
 Azerbaijan *$9,273$2,190
 Saudi Arabia *$9,226$3,569
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines *$9,167$5,688
 Dominica *$8,747$6,223
 Albania *$8,457$3,070
 Tunisia *$8,406$2,439
 Cape Verde *$8,360$3,931
 Romania *$8,291$3,634
 Belize *$8,257$4,757
 Costa Rica *$8,230$5,713
 Jordan *$8,161$3,680
 China *$7,878$4,077
 Iran *$7,802$2,049
 Guam *$7,631$7,631
 Turkey *$7,613$2,966
 Congo *$7,594$2,253
 Thailand *$7,548$2,781
 South Africa *$7,342$3,343
 Colombia *$7,298$3,225
 Curaçao *$6,912$12,3752014
 Dominican Republic *$6,249$2,748
 Ukraine *$5,970$1,811
 Chile *$5,952$3,647
 Cuba *$5,879$4,024
 North Macedonia *$5,755$2,109
 Morocco *$5,665$2,074
 El Salvador *$5,615$2,723
 Turkmenistan *$5,519$2,019
 Greenland *$5,437$5,0052016
 Ecuador *$5,311$2,870
 Kazakhstan *$5,311$1,769
 Gibraltar *$5,203$5,2032014
 India *$5,202$1,429
 Bulgaria *$5,198$1,928
 Sudan *$5,003$1,292
 Armenia *$4,990$2,032
 Venezuela *$4,684$2,579
 Bosnia and Herzegovina *$4,600$1,864
 Fiji *$4,555$2,582
 Guyana *$4,441$2,510
 Russia *$4,380$1,721
 Mauritania *$4,347$1,241
 Laos *$4,338$1,492
 Namibia *$4,337$2,159
 Algeria *$4,159$1,106
 Angola *$4,145$2,709
 Vietnam *$3,911$1,329
 Georgia *$3,632$1,382
 Bolivia *$3,628$1,637
 Indonesia *$3,562$1,112
 Peru *$3,488$1,737
 Ghana *$3,424$1,201
 Pakistan *$3,420$983
 Philippines *$3,305$1,182
 Eswatini *$3,030$1,154
 Estonia *$3,013$1,878
 São Tomé and Príncipe *$2,966$1,699
 Palau *$2,957$3,271
 Samoa *$2,773$2,051
 Tonga *$2,666$2,053
 Zambia *$2,645$986
 Paraguay *$2,468$1,081
 Syria *$2,450$1,1992016
 Botswana *$2,428$1,082
 Gambia *$2,336$623
 Kyrgyzstan *$2,216$724
 Kosovo *$2,178$788
 Moldova *$2,173$876
 Brunei *$2,105$754
 Eritrea *$2,066$1,277
 Guatemala *$2,057$1,126
 Anguilla *$2,024$2,0242013
 Zimbabwe *$2,010$1,035
 Burma *$1,992$406
 Nicaragua *$1,992$756
 Honduras *$1,992$988
 Yemen *$1,913$813
 West Bank$1,850$8572015
 Kenya *$1,833$887
 Uzbekistan *$1,805$395
 Senegal *$1,762$679
 Ivory Coast *$1,739$724
 Northern Mariana Islands *$1,696$1,696
 Tajikistan *$1,665$418
 Papua New Guinea *$1,585$1,041
 American Samoa *$1,579$1,579
 Bangladesh *$1,433$543
 Tuvalu *$1,394$1,328
 Somalia *$1,392$480
 Mozambique *$1,391$472
 Djibouti *$1,309$730
 Vanuatu *$1,297$1,462
 Cameroon *$1,289$504
 South Sudan *$1,229$188
 Benin *$1,222$445
 Nigeria *$1,201$403
 Togo *$1,201$441
 Cambodia *$1,187$408
 Sierra Leone *$1,169$366
 Lesotho *$1,143$472
 Tanzania *$1,084$345
 Ethiopia *$1,003$404
 Chad *$949$327
 Guinea-Bissau *$932$397
 Guinea *$894$328
 Uganda *$873$261
 Micronesia *$823$775
 Rwanda *$820$304
 Mali *$792$295
 Nepal *$703$221
 Burkina Faso *$692$243
 Malawi *$669$186
 Marshall Islands *$660$748
 Haiti *$576$248
 Madagascar *$559$161
 Kiribati *$546$474
 Comoros *$520$257
 Niger *$498$188
 Liberia *$437$235
 Libya *$431$213
 Burundi *$349$148
 Central African Republic *$312$178
 Timor-Leste *$213$80
 Solomon Islands *$189$185
 DR Congo *$146$88
 Afghanistan *$139$41
 Hong Kong *$63$47
 Falkland Islands *$0$02015
 Macau *$0$0

Other unfunded mandates

[edit]

Governmentalunfunded mandates include state-guaranteedpay-as-you-go pension plans.[13]

Unfunded mandates (2021)[13]
CountryUnfunded
mandates
(% of GDP)
 Austria451
 Belgium316
 Bulgaria197
 Croatia320
 Cyprus297
 Czech Republic261
 Denmark24
 Estonia315
 Finland330
 France398
 Germany326
 Greece409
 Hungary334
 Iceland98
 Ireland149
 Italy434
 Latvia229
 Lithuania280
 Luxembourg355
 Malta244
 Netherlands215
 Norway264
 Poland296
 Portugal373
 Romania378
 Slovakia232
 Slovenia387
 Spain501
 Sweden191
 Switzerland232

See also

[edit]

Nation specific

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abcdefInternational Monetary Fund (2014)."Government Finance Statistics Manual 2014"(PDF).
  2. ^OECD Data."General government debt".OECD.org.
  3. ^OECD Data."General government deficit".OECD.org.
  4. ^"Consolidated version of the Treaty on European Union – PROTOCOLS – Protocol (No 12) on the excessive deficit procedure".
  5. ^"Applying the rules of the stability and growth pact".
  6. ^"General government gross debt".www.imf.org. Retrieved2024-06-25.
  7. ^"Report for Selected Countries and Subjects".
  8. ^International Monetary Fund (October 2022)."World Economic Outlook Database".
  9. ^ab"Country Comparison :: Population – The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency".www.cia.gov. Archived fromthe original on December 18, 2018.
  10. ^ab"Field Listing :: Public debt – The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency".www.cia.gov. Archived fromthe original on November 30, 2018.
  11. ^"Field Listing :: GDP (purchasing power parity) – The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency".www.cia.gov. Archived fromthe original on January 9, 2019.
  12. ^"Field Listing :: GDP (official exchange rate) – The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency".www.cia.gov. Archived fromthe original on January 9, 2019.
  13. ^ab"Pensions in national accounts, Table 2".Eurostat. 27 September 2024. Retrieved21 June 2025.
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