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List of counties in Maryland

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Independent city and counties of Maryland
A map of Maryland showing county outlines with labels
LocationState of Maryland
Number23 counties and 1 Independent city
Populations(Counties only): 19,557 (Kent) – 1,082,273 (Montgomery)
Areas(Counties only): 254 square miles (660 km2) (Howard) – 983 square miles (2,550 km2) (Dorchester)
Government
Subdivisions

There are 23counties and oneindependent city in the U.S. state ofMaryland. Many of the counties in Maryland were named for relatives of theBarons Baltimore, who were the proprietors of the Maryland colony from its founding in 1634 through 1771. The Barons Baltimore wereCatholic, andGeorge Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore, originally intended that the colony be a haven for English Catholics, though for most of its history Maryland has had a majority ofProtestants.[1]

Though formally an independent city rather than a county, theCity of Baltimore is considered the equal of a county for most purposes and is functionally a county-equivalent in most respects.

History

[edit]

The most recent county formation in Maryland occurred in 1872 whenGarrett County was split fromAllegany County.[2] However, there have been numerous changes to county borders since that time, most recently when portions of the city ofTakoma Park that had previously been part ofPrince George's County were absorbed intoMontgomery County in 1997.[3]

Within Maryland the county is the default unit of local government. Under Maryland law, counties exercise powers reserved in most other states at the municipal or state levels.[4] Many of the state's most populous and economically important communities, such asBethesda,Silver Spring,Columbia, andTowson areunincorporated and receive their municipal services from the county.[5] In fact, there are no incorporated municipalities at all in Baltimore County orHoward County.[6][7] The county-equivalent is also the provider of public schools asschool districts do not exist as a separate level of government in Maryland.[8]

The City of Baltimore is an entity nearly surrounded by but separate from theCounty of Baltimore. The City has been considered on par with the counties within the state since it became anindependent city after it separated from Baltimore County in 1851.[9]

TheFederal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) code, which is used by the United States government to uniquely identify states and counties, is provided with each entry.[10] Maryland's code is 24, which when combined with any county code would be written as 24XXX.[11][12] The FIPS code for each county links to census data for that county.

List of counties

[edit]
County
FIPS code[13] County seat[2][14] Est.[2][14] Origin[2] Etymology[2]Flag
Seal
Population
(2024)[15]		Area[14][15]Map
Allegany County001Cumberland1789Formed from part of Washington CountyFromLenapeoolikhanna, which means "beautiful stream"A blue flag with the county seal in the centerA round seal divided into asymmetric quadrants, each with various symbols67,097430 sq mi
(1,114 km2)		State map highlighting Allegany County
Anne Arundel County003Annapolis1650Formed from part of St. Mary's CountyAnne Arundell was the maiden name of the wife ofCecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore. Between 1654 and 1658 it was known asProvidence County byPuritan settlersA white flag with the county seal in the centerAn oval seal featuring a shield with heraldic symbols602,350588 sq mi
(1,523 km2)		State map highlighting Anne Arundel County
Baltimore County005Towson1659Formed from unorganized territoryCecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, first proprietor of theMaryland colonyA flag with black-and-yellow patterns at top left and bottom right, a red plow on white at top right, and a red cog on white at bottom leftA round seal with black-and-yellow patterns on top left and bottom right and red-and-white patterns on top right and bottom left852,425682 sq mi
(1,766 km2)		State map highlighting Baltimore County
Baltimore City510Baltimore City1851Founded in 1729. Detached in 1851 from Baltimore CountyCecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, first proprietor of theMaryland colonyA flag with a black-and-yellow pattern and a black shield with a monumental column in the centerAn oval seal featuring a monumental column on a yellow background568,27192 sq mi
(238 km2)		State map highlighting Baltimore City
Calvert County009Prince Frederick1654Formed as Patuxent County from unorganized territory. Renamed Calvert County in 1658TheCalvert family; prior to 1658 it was called Patuxent County, after the Patuxent Indians, a branch of theAlgonquiansA flag with a black-and-yellow pattern and a green leaf in the centerA round seal featuring a cornucopia on a white background94,913345 sq mi
(894 km2)		State map highlighting Calvert County
Caroline County011Denton1773From parts of Dorchester County and Queen Anne's CountyLady Caroline Eden, daughter ofCharles Calvert, 5th Baron BaltimoreA green flag with the county seal on the left sideA roughly oval seal with heraldic elements surrounded by a tan border34,248326 sq mi
(844 km2)		State map highlighting Caroline County
Carroll County013Westminster1837From parts of Baltimore County and Frederick CountyCharles Carroll of Carrollton, a representative to theContinental Congress and signatory of theDeclaration of IndependenceA white flag with a blue border on three sides and the county seal in the centerA round seal featuring a horse-drawn wagon and a red-and-blue border177,108452 sq mi
(1,171 km2)		State map highlighting Carroll County
Cecil County015Elkton1674From parts of Baltimore County and Kent CountyCecil is an Anglicized form of the first name ofCecil Calvert, 2nd Baron BaltimoreA flag with a red stripe to the left and a white stripe with a seal to the rightA diamond seal depicting ducks flying over the coast and a red border106,305418 sq mi
(1,083 km2)		State map highlighting Cecil County
Charles County017La Plata1658From unorganized territoryCharles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore, second proprietor of theMaryland colonyA yellow flag with a black border and the county seal in the centerAn oval seal featuring a shield with heraldic symbols on a blue background174,478643 sq mi
(1,665 km2)		State map highlighting Charles County
Dorchester County019Cambridge1668From unorganized territoryDorchester in Dorset, England; theEarl of Dorset was a friend of the Calvert familyA light blue flag with the county seal in the centerA round seal with a shield, two figures flanking the shield, and a gold border33,138983 sq mi
(2,546 km2)		State map highlighting Dorchester County
Frederick County021Frederick1748From part of Prince George's CountyFrederick Calvert, 6th Baron Baltimore, final proprietor of theMaryland colonyA flag with yellow, red, black, and white quadrantsA round seal depicting a farmer in the countryside with a red border299,317667 sq mi
(1,728 km2)		State map highlighting Frederick County
Garrett County023Oakland1872From part of Allegany CountyJohn Work Garrett, president of theBaltimore and Ohio RailroadA white flag with the county seal in the centerA rounded rectangle seal with blue-and-green quadrants depicting natural scenes28,393656 sq mi
(1,699 km2)		State map highlighting Garrett County
Harford County025Bel Air1773From part of Baltimore CountyHenry Harford, illegitimate son ofFrederick Calvert, 6th Baron BaltimoreA blue flag with a seal in the centerA round seal featuring a blue-and-gold shield and ribbon with a blue border265,514527 sq mi
(1,365 km2)		State map highlighting Harford County
Howard County027Ellicott City1851From parts of Anne Arundel County and Baltimore CountyJohn Eager Howard, anAmerican Revolutionary War officer andgovernor of MarylandA flag with a cross dividing it into red-and-white quadrants, wheat at top left, and an outline of the county inside a triangle at bottom rightA round seal featuring a sheaf of grain in a field with a white border339,668254 sq mi
(658 km2)		State map highlighting Howard County
Kent County029Chestertown1642From unorganized territoryThe English county ofKentA blue flag with a seal in the centerA round seal featuring heraldic symbols on a blue background with a dark blue border19,557414 sq mi
(1,072 km2)		State map highlighting Kent County
Montgomery County031Rockville1776From part of Frederick CountyRichard Montgomery, anAmerican Revolutionary War generalA flag with fleurs-de-lis on blue at top left and bottom right, and rings on red at top right and bottom leftA round seal with a seal depicting a similar pattern to the flag on a white background1,082,273507 sq mi
(1,313 km2)		State map highlighting Montgomery County
Prince George's County033Upper Marlboro1696From parts of Calvert County and Charles CountyPrince George of Denmark, the husband of QueenAnne of Great BritainA white flag spanned by a red cross with the county seal at top leftA roughly rectangular seal featuring heraldic elements on a purple background with a white border966,629498 sq mi
(1,290 km2)		State map highlighting Prince George's County
Queen Anne's County035Centreville1706From parts of Talbot CountyAnne, Queen of Great BritainA white flag with the county seal in the centerA round seal featuring heraldic elements on a blue-and-purple background with a yellow border53,688510 sq mi
(1,321 km2)		State map highlighting Queen Anne's County
Somerset County039Princess Anne1666From unorganized territory.Mary, Lady Somerset, sister-in-law ofCecil Calvert, 2nd Baron BaltimoreA blue flag with a red cross, a white diagonal cross, and a woman's head facing left in the centerAn oval seal featuring a shield on a yellow background with a blue border25,241611 sq mi
(1,582 km2)		State map highlighting Somerset County
St. Mary's County037Leonardtown1637From unorganized territory. Was named Potomac County between 1654 and 1658.The Virgin Mary, first county named in a colony intended to be a haven for CatholicsA red flag with the county seal in the centerA round seal featuring heraldic elements on a blue background with a gold border116,469611 sq mi
(1,582 km2)		State map highlighting St. Mary's County
Talbot County041Easton1662From part of Kent CountyGrace, Lady Talbot, sister ofCecil Calvert, 2nd Baron BaltimoreA purple flag with the county seal in the centerA round seal featuring a long on a shield and ribbon against a purple background with a white border38,244477 sq mi
(1,235 km2)		State map highlighting Talbot County
Washington County043Hagerstown1776From part of Frederick CountyGeorge Washington, first President of the United StatesFlag of Washington County, MarylandA round seal with a black-and-white depiction of a factory and the county outline157,228468 sq mi
(1,212 km2)		State map highlighting Washington County
Wicomico County045Salisbury1867From parts of Somerset County and Worcester CountyTheWicomico River; inLenape,wicko mekee indicated "a place where houses are built", possibly in reference to a settlementA light blue flag with the county seal in the center and a white horizontal stripeA round seal featuring a Native American and the county outline on a yellow background with a white-and-red border106,329400 sq mi
(1,036 km2)		State map highlighting Wicomico County
Worcester County047Snow Hill1742From part of Somerset CountyMary Arundell, the wife of Sir John Somerset, son ofHenry Somerset, 1st Marquess of Worcester, and sister of Anne Arundell, the wife ofCecil Calvert, 2nd Baron BaltimoreA dark blue flag with a red cross spanning it and two crossed arrows in the centerA round seal featuring a yellow-and-black shield on a blue background with a white-and-yellow border54,337695 sq mi
(1,800 km2)		State map highlighting Worcester County

See also

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Brugger, Robert J. (1988).Maryland: A Middle Temperament, 1634–1980. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press.ISBN 0-8018-3399-X.
  2. ^abcde"Counties".Maryland Manual Online. Maryland State Archives. RetrievedJune 24, 2007.
  3. ^Brown, Deneen (June 28, 1997)."As Unification Nears, Takoma Park Residents Still a Divided People".The Washington Post. pp. A1. RetrievedJune 24, 2007.
  4. ^"Maryland Government, State, local & federal".Maryland State Archives. April 9, 2024. RetrievedJanuary 3, 2025.
  5. ^"Place Alpha Vacancy 2000-2010"(PDF).Maryland Department of Planning. February 2011. RetrievedJanuary 3, 2025.
  6. ^"Baltimore County, Maryland, Municipalities".Maryland State Archives. March 11, 2022. RetrievedJanuary 3, 2025.
  7. ^"Howard County, Maryland, Municipalities".Maryland State Archives. December 6, 2024. RetrievedJanuary 3, 2025.
  8. ^"Maryland"(PDF).U.S. Census Bureau. p. 1. RetrievedDecember 14, 2024.
  9. ^"Baltimore City, Maryland".Maryland Manual Online. Maryland State Archives. RetrievedDecember 4, 2024.
  10. ^"FIPS Publish 6-4". National Institute of Standards and Technology. Archived fromthe original on September 29, 2013. RetrievedApril 11, 2007.
  11. ^"Understanding Geographic Identifiers (GEOIDs)". United States Census Bureau. RetrievedDecember 4, 2024.
  12. ^"American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Codes for States". United States Census Bureau. RetrievedDecember 4, 2024.
  13. ^"EPA County FIPS Code Listing". U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Archived fromthe original on September 28, 2004. RetrievedFebruary 23, 2008.
  14. ^abcNational Association of Counties."NACo – Find a county". Archived fromthe original on October 25, 2007. RetrievedApril 30, 2008.
  15. ^ab"Maryland QuickFacts". U.S. Census Bureau. RetrievedMarch 15, 2025.
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