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List of counties in California

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Counties of California

LocationState of California
Created
  • 1850 (27 original counties)
Number58 counties
PopulationsMinimum:Alpine, 1,204
Maximum:Los Angeles, 9,757,179
AreasMinimum:San Francisco, 47 square miles (120 km2)
Maximum:San Bernardino, 20,062 square miles (51,960 km2)
Government
Subdivisions

TheU.S. state ofCalifornia is divided into 58counties.[1] The state was first divided into 27 counties on February 18, 1850. These were further sub-divided to form sixteen additional counties by 1860. Another fourteen counties were formed through further subdivision from 1861 to 1893. The most recent county to form wasImperial County, in 1907. California is home toSan Bernardino County, the largest county in the contiguous United States, as well asLos Angeles County, the most populous county in the United States.

The counties of California are local arms of theState of California, described by theSupreme Court of California asagents ("the county is merely a political subdivision of state government, exercising only the powers of the state, granted by the state…'") and the property they hold is held on behalf of all the people of the state.[2][3] As such, theState Legislature may delegate any of the functions of the State to the counties but likewise can reassume any delegated duties.[4]

California counties are general law counties by default. Still, they may be chartered as provided in Article XI, Section 3 of theCalifornia Constitution.[5] A charter county is granted limited home rule powers. Of the 58 counties in California, 14 are governed under a charter. They are Alameda, Butte, El Dorado, Fresno, Los Angeles, Orange, Placer, Sacramento, San Bernardino, San Diego, San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara, and Tehama.[6]

Nine counties in California are named for saints, tied withLouisiana for the largest number. This count omits Santa Cruz ("Holy Cross") County, not named for a saint; Merced County and Los Angeles County, both of whose names refer toSaint Mary (Our Lady of Mercy (Merced) and Our Lady Queen of The Angels (Los Angeles)); and Ventura County, whose name is a shortening of the name ofSt. Bonaventure, the namesake of the local mission.[7]

List

[edit]
County
FIPS code[8] County seat[9] Est.[9] Formed from Etymology[10]General Law or Charter
[6]		Population
(2024)[11]		Area[9]Map
Alameda County001Oakland1853Contra Costa and Santa ClaraThe oak and other trees, once abundant in the region;alameda is Spanish for "avenue shaded by trees" or "cottonwood grove".Charter1,649,060738 sq mi
(1,911 km2)		State map highlighting Alameda County


Alpine County003Markleeville1864Amador, El Dorado, Calaveras, Mono and TuolumneLocation high in theSierra Nevada;alpine refers to the Alps or other mountains.General Law1,099739 sq mi
(1,914 km2)		State map highlighting Alpine County


Amador County005Jackson1854CalaverasJose Maria Amador(1794–1883), a soldier, rancher, and miner who, along with severalNative Americans, established a successfulgold mining camp near present-dayAmador City in 1848General Law42,026606 sq mi
(1,570 km2)		State map highlighting Amador County


Butte County007Oroville1850originalSutter Buttes, which were mistakenly thought to be in the county at the time of its establishmentCharter208,3341,640 sq mi
(4,248 km2)		State map highlighting Butte County


Calaveras County009San Andreas1850originalCalaveras River;calaveras is Spanish for "skulls".General Law46,5051,020 sq mi
(2,642 km2)		State map highlighting Calaveras County


Colusa County011Colusa1850originalRancho Colus land grant from MexicoGeneral Law22,0741,151 sq mi
(2,981 km2)		State map highlighting Colusa County


Contra Costa County013Martinez1850originalLocation acrossSan Francisco Bay fromSan Francisco;contra costa is Spanish for "opposite coast".General Law1,172,607720 sq mi
(1,865 km2)		State map highlighting Contra Costa County


Del Norte County015Crescent City1857KlamathLocation along California's northern border;del norte is Spanish for "northern".General Law27,0091,008 sq mi
(2,611 km2)		State map highlighting Del Norte County


El Dorado County017Placerville1850originalEl Dorado, a mythical city of gold, owing to the area's significance in theCalifornia Gold RushCharter192,8231,712 sq mi
(4,434 km2)		State map highlighting El Dorado County


Fresno County019Fresno1856Mariposa, Merced and TulareThe city of Fresno;fresno is Spanish for "ash tree".Charter1,024,1255,963 sq mi
(15,444 km2)		State map highlighting Fresno County


Glenn County021Willows1891ColusaHugh J. Glenn, a California businessman and politicianGeneral Law28,3041,315 sq mi
(3,406 km2)		State map highlighting Glenn County


Humboldt County023Eureka1853TrinityAlexander von Humboldt, a German naturalist and explorerGeneral Law132,3803,573 sq mi
(9,254 km2)		State map highlighting Humboldt County


Imperial County025El Centro1907San DiegoImperial Valley, named after theImperial Land CompanyGeneral Law181,7244,175 sq mi
(10,813 km2)		State map highlighting Imperial County


Inyo County027Independence1866Mono and TulareExact etymology disputed; early settlers believedInyo to be the native name for area mountains, but it may be the name of aMono Indian leader.General Law18,48510,192 sq mi
(26,397 km2)		State map highlighting Inyo County


Kern County029Bakersfield1866Los Angeles and TulareEdward Kern, cartographer forJohn C. Fremont's 1845 expeditionGeneral Law922,5298,142 sq mi
(21,088 km2)		State map highlighting Kern County


Kings County031Hanford1893TulareKings River; original Spanish nameRio de los Santos Reyes ("River of theHoly Kings")General Law154,9131,390 sq mi
(3,600 km2)		State map highlighting Kings County


Lake County033Lakeport1861NapaClear LakeGeneral Law67,7641,258 sq mi
(3,258 km2)		State map highlighting Lake County


Lassen County035Susanville1864Plumas and Shasta, and now defunctLake County, NevadaPeter Lassen, a Danish naturalist and explorerGeneral Law28,3404,558 sq mi
(11,805 km2)		State map highlighting Lassen County


Los Angeles County037Los Angeles1850originalThe city of Los Angeles, derived from the original Spanish nameEl Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Angeles del Río de Porciúncula ("The Village of Our Lady, the Queen of the Angels of the River of Porziuncola")Charter9,757,1794,060 sq mi
(10,515 km2)		State map highlighting Los Angeles County


Madera County039Madera1893FresnoThe city of Madera, which was named for the lumber industry it was created for;madera is Spanish for "wood" or "timber".General Law165,4322,138 sq mi
(5,537 km2)		State map highlighting Madera County


Marin County041San Rafael1850originalChief Marin, "great chief of the tribe Licatiut" (a branch of theCoast Miwok people)General Law256,400520 sq mi
(1,347 km2)		State map highlighting Marin County


Mariposa County043Mariposa1850originalThe city of Mariposa;mariposa is Spanish for "butterfly".General Law17,0481,451 sq mi
(3,758 km2)		State map highlighting Mariposa County


Mendocino County045Ukiah1850originalAntonio de Mendoza, firstviceroy ofNew SpainGeneral Law89,1753,509 sq mi
(9,088 km2)		State map highlighting Mendocino County


Merced County047Merced1855MariposaThe city of Merced, derived from the original Spanish nameEl Río de Nuestra Señora de la Merced ("River of Our Lady of Mercy")General Law296,7741,929 sq mi
(4,996 km2)		State map highlighting Merced County


Modoc County049Alturas1874SiskiyouTheModoc peopleGeneral Law8,4913,944 sq mi
(10,215 km2)		State map highlighting Modoc County


Mono County051Bridgeport1861Calaveras, Fresno and MariposaMono Lake; derived fromMonachi, aYokuts name for native peoples of theSierra NevadaGeneral Law12,9913,044 sq mi
(7,884 km2)		State map highlighting Mono County


Monterey County053Salinas1850originalDerived fromMonterey Bay, which was named for a Viceroy of New Spain,Gaspar de Zúñiga, 5th Count of MonterreyGeneral Law436,2513,322 sq mi
(8,604 km2)		State map highlighting Monterey County


Napa County055Napa1850originalDisputed origin; possibly derived from thePatwin wordnapo, meaning "home"General Law132,727754 sq mi
(1,953 km2)		State map highlighting Napa County


Nevada County057Nevada City1851YubaThe phraseSierra Nevada;nevada is Spanish for "snow-covered", referencing the area's high elevation. The bordering state was named after the county, which was named afterNevada City.[citation needed]General Law102,195958 sq mi
(2,481 km2)		State map highlighting Nevada County


Orange County059Santa Ana1889Los AngelesOranges, to illustrate a perception of a region with a semi-tropical atmosphere to those from the eastern parts of the United StatesCharter3,170,435948 sq mi
(2,455 km2)		State map highlighting Orange County


Placer County061Auburn1851SacramentoPlacer mining, a reference to the area being a center of the California Gold RushCharter433,8221,407 sq mi
(3,644 km2)		State map highlighting Placer County


Plumas County063Quincy1854ButteTheFeather River;plumas is Spanish for "feathers".General Law18,8342,554 sq mi
(6,615 km2)		State map highlighting Plumas County


Riverside County065Riverside1893San Bernardino and San DiegoThe city of Riverside, named for its location on theSanta Ana RiverGeneral Law2,529,9337,208 sq mi
(18,669 km2)		State map highlighting Riverside County


Sacramento County067Sacramento1850originalThe city of Sacramento, named after theSantísimo Sacramento (Spanish for "Most Holy Sacrament")Charter1,611,231966 sq mi
(2,502 km2)		State map highlighting Sacramento County


San Benito County069Hollister1874MontereySaint Benedict (Benito is a Spanishdiminutive ofBenedict).General Law69,1591,389 sq mi
(3,597 km2)		State map highlighting San Benito County


San Bernardino County071San Bernardino1853Los AngelesThe city of San Bernardino, named afterSaint Bernardino of Siena (Spanish for Saint Bernardine)Charter2,214,28120,062 sq mi
(51,960 km2)		State map highlighting San Bernardino County


San Diego County073San Diego1850originalThe city of San Diego, fromMission San Diego (Spanish forSaint Didacus)Charter3,298,7994,204 sq mi
(10,888 km2)		State map highlighting San Diego County


City and County of San Francisco075San Francisco1850originalThe city of San Francisco, fromPresidio of San Francisco andMission San Francisco de Asís, named afterSaint Francis of Assisi (Spanish for Saint Francis)Charter827,52647 sq mi
(122 km2)		State map highlighting City and County of San Francisco


San Joaquin County077Stockton1850originalSpanish forSaint Joachim, father of theVirgin MaryGeneral Law816,1081,399 sq mi
(3,623 km2)		State map highlighting San Joaquin County


San Luis Obispo County079San Luis Obispo1850originalThe city of San Luis Obispo, fromMission San Luis Obispo, named afterSaint Louis of Toulouse (Spanish for Saint Louis, the Bishop)General Law281,8433,304 sq mi
(8,557 km2)		State map highlighting San Luis Obispo County


San Mateo County081Redwood City1856San Francisco and Santa CruzSpanish forSaint MatthewCharter742,893449 sq mi
(1,163 km2)		State map highlighting San Mateo County


Santa Barbara County083Santa Barbara1850originalThe city of Santa Barbara, fromMission Santa Barbara, (Spanish forSaint Barbara)General Law444,5002,738 sq mi
(7,091 km2)		State map highlighting Santa Barbara County


Santa Clara County085San Jose1850originalCity of Santa Clara, fromMission Santa Clara de Asís, named forSaint Clare of Assisi (Spanish for Saint Clare)Charter1,926,3251,291 sq mi
(3,344 km2)		State map highlighting Santa Clara County


Santa Cruz County087Santa Cruz1850originalThe city of Santa Cruz, fromMission Santa Cruz (Spanish for "holy cross")General Law262,406446 sq mi
(1,155 km2)		State map highlighting Santa Cruz County


Shasta County089Redding1850originalMount Shasta; the indigenousShasta peopleGeneral Law (becoming Charter as of 1 January 2025[6])181,1213,786 sq mi
(9,806 km2)		State map highlighting Shasta County


Sierra County091Downieville1852YubaSierra is Spanish for "mountain range", a reference to the area's topographyGeneral Law3,113953 sq mi
(2,468 km2)		State map highlighting Sierra County


Siskiyou County093Yreka1852Shasta and KlamathSiskiyou Mountains; exact etymology ofSiskiyou is disputed.General Law42,4986,287 sq mi
(16,283 km2)		State map highlighting Siskiyou County


Solano County095Fairfield1850originalChief Solano of theSuisunesGeneral Law455,101828 sq mi
(2,145 km2)		State map highlighting Solano County


Sonoma County097Santa Rosa1850originalExact etymology disputed; probably aPomo term meaning "valley of the moon", which references a native legend about spiritual activity in the areaGeneral Law485,3751,576 sq mi
(4,082 km2)		State map highlighting Sonoma County


Stanislaus County099Modesto1854TuolumneStanislaus River, named afterEstanislao, a native of the area when California was under Spanish and Mexican ruleGeneral Law556,9721,495 sq mi
(3,872 km2)		State map highlighting Stanislaus County


Sutter County101Yuba City1850originalJohn Sutter, a Swiss pioneer ofCalifornia associated with theCalifornia Gold RushGeneral Law98,545603 sq mi
(1,562 km2)		State map highlighting Sutter County


Tehama County103Red Bluff1856Butte, Colusa and ShastaThe city ofTehama, probably a native term describing its locationCharter64,4512,951 sq mi
(7,643 km2)		State map highlighting Tehama County


Trinity County105Weaverville1850originalThe city ofTrinidad, Spanish for "trinity"General Law15,6423,179 sq mi
(8,234 km2)		State map highlighting Trinity County


Tulare County107Visalia1852MariposaTulare Lake, which is named after the tule rush (Schoenoplectus acutus) that grew in the marshes and sloughs along its shoresGeneral Law483,5464,824 sq mi
(12,494 km2)		State map highlighting Tulare County


Tuolumne County109Sonora1850originalExact etymology disputed; probably a corruption of the native termtalmalamne, which means "cluster of stone wigwams", a reference to local cave dwelling tribesGeneral Law53,8932,236 sq mi
(5,791 km2)		State map highlighting Tuolumne County


Ventura County111Ventura1872Santa BarbaraThe city of Ventura, derived fromMission San Buenaventura (Spanish forSt. Bonaventure)General Law835,4271,846 sq mi
(4,781 km2)		State map highlighting Ventura County


Yolo County113Woodland1850originalThe Yolan people, a local Native American tribeGeneral Law225,2511,012 sq mi
(2,621 km2)		State map highlighting Yolo County


Yuba County115Marysville1850originalNamed either by theMaidu people, a local Native American tribe who live on the banks of theFeather andYuba Rivers, for one of their villages, or byGabriel Moraga for the wild grapes (Vitis californica) that grow abundantly at the edge of the rivers (uva being Spanish for "grape")General Law87,469630 sq mi
(1,632 km2)		State map highlighting Yuba County

Defunct counties

[edit]
  • Branciforte County was the original name ofSanta Cruz County in 1850. The reference was to the 1797 town ofBranciforte.
  • Klamath County was created in 1851 from the northern half of Trinity County. Part of the county's territory went to Del Norte County in 1857, and in 1874 the remainder was divided between Humboldt and Siskiyou counties.
  • Pautah County, California was created in 1852 out of territory which, the state of California assumed, was to be ceded to it by theUnited States Congress from territory in what is now the state ofNevada. When the cession never occurred, theCalifornia State Legislature officially abolished the never-organized county in 1859.[4]
  • Buena Vista County was created in 1855 by the California State Legislature out of the southeastern territory of Tulare County on the west of theSierra Nevada but was never officially organized. The south of Tulare County was later organized asKern County in 1866, with additions from Los Angeles and San Bernardino counties.
  • Coso County was created in 1864 by the California State Legislature out of territory of Mono County and Tulare County on the east slope of the Sierra Nevada but was never officially organized. The region was later organized in 1866 asInyo County with additions from Los Angeles and San Bernardino counties.
  • Roop County, Nevada encompassed much ofLassen County, including theHoney Lake Valley and the community ofSusanville, California; ambiguous organic legislation ofNevada Territory led to confusion about the geographic extent of Nevada's western border. This was later clarified, with the portions of Roop County in California being assigned to Lassen County; the remaining, sparsely portions of Roop County were eventually combined withWashoe County, Nevada.

Proposed counties

[edit]
  • Mojave County, proposed in 1988 that would have split the northern and eastern 90% of San Bernardino County
  • Cahuilla County, proposed in the 1980s by the residents of eastern Riverside County
  • Corona County, proposed in 2002 by residents of Corona and surrounding communities in Riverside County
  • High Desert County, proposed in the 1970s, 80s, and 90s to split from portions of Los Angeles, Kern and San Bernardino counties
  • Los Padres County, proposed in 1978 to split the northern portion of Santa Barbara County
  • Mission County, proposed in 2006 to split the northern portion of Santa Barbara County
  • Sequoia County, proposed in the 1990s, split from parts of southern Humboldt and Northern Mendocino counties

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Regions | CA Census".
  2. ^Eigerman, Jared (January 1, 1999)."California Counties: Second-Rate Localities or Ready-Made Regional Governments?"(PDF).Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly.26 (3): 8.Archived from the original on July 9, 2024. RetrievedAugust 16, 2023.
  3. ^Supreme Court of California (February 16, 1960).County of Marin v. Superior Court (Report). Vol. 53 Cal.2d 633. 22592.Archived from the original on March 18, 2025. RetrievedAugust 16, 2023.
  4. ^ab"An Introduction to California Counties"(PDF). California State Association of Counties. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on October 26, 2024. RetrievedJuly 22, 2022.
  5. ^"California Constitution, Article XI Local Government [sec. 1 – Sec. 15] Sec. 3".California Legislative Information. State of California. June 2, 1970. RetrievedMay 10, 2018.
  6. ^abc"County Structure & Powers". California State Association of Counties. May 26, 2015. Archived fromthe original on February 6, 2025. RetrievedMay 10, 2018.
  7. ^Kane, Joseph Nathan; Aiken, Charles Curry (2005).The American Counties: Origins of County Names, Dates of Creation, and Population Data, 1950–2000. Scarecrow Press. p. 11.ISBN 978-0-8108-5036-1.
  8. ^"EPA County FIPS Code Listing".U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Archived fromthe original on March 18, 2016. RetrievedFebruary 23, 2021.
  9. ^abcNational Association of Counties."NACo – Find a county". Archived fromthe original on June 5, 2008. RetrievedApril 30, 2008.
  10. ^Sanchez, Nellie Van de Grift (1914).Spanish and Indian Place Names of California: Their Meaning and Their Romance. San Francisco: A. M. Robertson.ISBN 9781404750845.OCLC 4268886.{{cite book}}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
  11. ^"US Census Bureau".United States Census Bureau, Population Division. March 2025.

Further reading

[edit]

External links

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