This articlemay beconfusing or unclear to readers. In particular, varying definitions of 'city' across countries and time make the data nearly unusable for comparison. The list should focus on sources with consistent definitions, excluding others.. Please helpclarify the article. There might be a discussion about this onthe talk page.(October 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

This is alist of cities in the world by nominal gross domestic product (GDP). TheUnited Nations uses three definitions for what constitutes a city, as not all cities may be classified using the same criteria. Cities may be defined as thecities proper, by the extent of theirurban area, or theirmetropolitan regions.^[4] The methodology of calculating GDP may differ between the studies and are widely based on projections and sometimes approximate estimations, notably for cities that are not within theOECD. Refer to sources for more information. GDP for cities that have different sources might not be comparable as the definition of a city differs between them.

This section needs to beupdated. The reason given is: Brazilian cities are all some years out of date. See talk page for more issues, e.g. regarding Moscow.. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(September 2024)

This sectionmay need to be rewritten to comply with Wikipedia'squality standards, as the GDP and population figures sourced from Eurostat are for statistical metropolitanregions, which in some cases can be much smaller or much larger than the metropolitan area of the city they're named after.You can help. Thetalk page may contain suggestions.(August 2025)

Cities by GDP

City proper/metropolitan area	Country/region	GDP (billion US$)	Population
A Coruña metropolitan area	Spain	32.344 (2021)[5]	1,121,758 (2021)[6]
Aachen	Germany	27.092 (2021)[5]	556,631 (2021)[6]
Aalborg	Denmark	30.46 (2022)[5]	591,740 (2022)[6]
Aarhus	Denmark	53.383 (2022)[5]	913,861 (2022)[6]
Abbotsford, British Columbia	Canada	7.435 (2021)[7]	205,834 (2021)[8]
Aberdeen, Scotland	United Kingdom	25.129 (2023)[9][10]	492,070 (2023)[9]
Abidjan	Ivory Coast	27 (2017)[11]	5,600,000 (2020)[12]
Abilene, TX MSA	United States	10.306623 (2023)[13]	181,591 (2023)[14]
Abu Dhabi metropolitan area	United Arab Emirates	277.93 (2023)[15]	1,740,000 (2023)[16]
Addis Ababa	Ethiopia	61.2 (2023)[17]	5,400,000 (2023)[17]
Adelaide	Australia	64.461 (2018–19)[18]	1,344,368 (2018–19)[19]
Ahmedabad	India	136.1 (2023)[20]	9,300,000 (2023)[16]
Aix-Marseille-Provence Metropolis	France	148.289 (2021)[5]	3,146,578 (2021)[6]
Akron, OH MSA	United States	47.285487 (2023)[13]	698,398 (2023)[14]
Albany, GA MSA	United States	7.782093 (2023)[13]	145,508 (2023)[14]
Albany-Lebanon, OR MSA	United States	6.441520 (2023)[13]	130,467 (2022)[14]
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY MSA	United States	84.910398 (2023)[13]	1,238,717 (2023)[14]
Albuquerque, NM MSA	United States	59.382941 (2023)[13]	922,296 (2023)[14]
Alexandria	Egypt	36.000 (2021)[21]	5,950,000 (2021)[22]
Alexandria, LA MSA	United States	7.753574 (2023)[13]	148,171 (2023)[14]
Alicante metropolitan area	Spain	44.091 (2021)[5]	1,895,192 (2021)[6]
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ MSA	United States	59.890990 (2023)[13]	873,555 (2023)[14]
Almaty	Kazakhstan	61.406 (2024)[23]	2,625,000 (2024)[24]
Altoona, PA MSA	United States	7.681160 (2023)[13]	120,273 (2023)[14]
Alxa[25]	China	5.808 (2024)	268,850 (2024)
Amarillo, TX MSA	United States	18.913682 (2023)[13]	272,395 (2023)[14]
Ames, IA MSA	United States	8.615031 (2023)[13]	125,156 (2023)[14]
Amiens	France	19.467 (2021)[5]	567,745 (2021)[6]
Amsterdam metropolitan area	Netherlands	635.244 (2024)[5]	3,316,712 (2021)[6]
Anápolis	Brazil	6.740 (2011)[26]	398,869 (2022)[27]
Anchorage, AK MSA	United States	34.065381 (2023)[13]	401,314 (2023)[14]
Angers Loire Métropole	France	29.514 (2021)[5]	822,488 (2021)[6]
Ankara	Turkey	74.83 (2021)[28]	5,150,000 (2021)[22]
Ann Arbor, MI MSA	United States	33.013856 (2023)[13]	365,536 (2023)[14]
Annecy	France	30.128 (2021)[5]	841,639 (2021)[6]
Anniston-Oxford, AL MSA	United States	5.891059 (2023)[13]	116,429 (2023)[14]
Anshan	China	80.968 (2020)[29]	2,625,000 (2020)[12]
Antwerp metropolitan area	Belgium	65.467 (2022)[5]	1,067,117 (2022)[6]
Appleton, Wisconsin metropolitan area	United States	18.532326 (2023)[13]	246,433 (2023)[14]
Arequipa	Peru	7.0 (2023)[30]	1,157,500 (2023)[31]
Arnhem–Nijmegen metropolitan area	Netherlands	37.694 (2021)[5]	744,715 (2021)[6]
Asheville, NC MSA	United States	29.014297 (2023)[13]	417,202 (2023)[14]
Astana	Kazakhstan	32.517 (2024)[23]	1,530,000 (2024)[24]
Asturias metropolitan area	Spain	27.853 (2021)[5]	1,012,889 (2021)[6]
Athens Metropolitan Area	Greece	97.709 (2021)[5]	3,547,391 (2021)[6]
Athens-Clarke County, GA MSA	United States	13.768348 (2023)[13]	222,060 (2023)[14]
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	570.663 (2024)[13]	6,100,000 (2023)[16]
Atlantic City-Hammonton, NJ MSA	United States	18.726628 (2023)[13]	369,823 (2023)[14]
Auburn-Opelika, AL MSA	United States	8.799349 (2023)[13]	201,585 (2023)[14]
Auckland	New Zealand	88.540 (2024)[32]	1,480,000 (2024)[24]
Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC MSA	United States	37.292712 (2023)[13]	629,429 (2023)[14]
Austin-Round Rock, TX (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	248.109564 (2023)[13]	2,175,000 (2023)[16]
Baghdad	Iraq	106.184 (2025)[33]	8,141,000 (2023)[34]
Bakersfield, CA MSA	United States	59.846810 (2023)[13]	916,108 (2022)[14]
Balikpapan-Samarinda Metropolitan	Indonesia	29.901 (2021)[35]	2,621,877 (2021)[35]
Ballarat	Australia	4.460 (2018–19)[18]	108,491 (2018–19)[36]
Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	259.690214 (2023)[13]	2,834,316 (2023)[14]
Bandung Metropolitan	Indonesia	38.290 (2021)[37]	7,050,000 (2021)[22]
Bangkok Metropolitan Region	Thailand	252.128 (2022)[38]	19,900,000 (2022)[39]
Bangor, ME MSA	United States	9.020616 (2023)[13]	155,312 (2023)[14]
Banjarmasin Metropolitan	Indonesia	6.017 (2021)[40]	2,164,485 (2021)[40]
Baotou[41][42]	China	64.242 (2024)	2,766,900 (2024)
Barcelona metropolitan area	Spain	205.461 (2021)[5]	5,639,523 (2021)[6]
Barnstable Town, MA MSA	United States	18.186673 (2023)[13]	231,735 (2023)[14]
Barrie	Canada	7.646 (2021)[7]	221,954 (2021)[8]
Batam Metropolitan	Indonesia	16.006 (2021)[43]	1,450,000 (2021)[22]
Baton Rouge, LA MSA	United States	68.827180 (2023)[13]	873,661 (2023)[14]
Battle Creek, MI MSA	United States	8.543282 (2023)[13]	133,366 (2023)[14]
Bay City, MI MSA	United States	4.507259 (2023)[13]	102,500 (2023)[14]
Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX MSA	United States	31.114626 (2023)[13]	395,479 (2023)[14]
Beckley, WV MSA	United States	5.541536 (2023)[13]	111,428 (2023)[14]
Belfast	United Kingdom	24.446 (2023)[9][10]	348,005 (2022)[9]
Belgrade	Serbia	25.31 (2021)[44]	1,430,000 (2021)[22]
Belleville, Ontario	Canada	4.512 (2021)[7]	113,875 (2021)[8]
Bellingham, WA MSA	United States	21.489731 (2023)[13]	231,919 (2023)[14]
Belo Horizonte	Brazil	54.996 (2011)[26]	6,006,887 (2022)[45]
Bend, OR MSA	United States	15.445974 (2023)[13]	260,919 (2023)[14]
Bendigo	Australia	3.961 (2018–19)[18]	99,416 (2018–19)[46]
Bengaluru	India	359.9 (2023)[47]	13,700,000 (2023)[16]
Bergamo metropolitan area	Italy	46.79 (2021)[5]	1,103,556 (2021)[6]
Bergen Region	Norway	43.188 (2021)[5]	638,821 (2021)[6]
Berlin/Brandenburg Metropolitan Region	Germany	329.5772 (2024)[48][49]	6,216,845 (2023)[48]
Bern metropolitan area	Switzerland	92.957 (2021)[5]	1,043,132 (2021)[6]
Bhopal	India	5.35 (2023)[50]	2,600,000 (2023)[16]
Białystok metropolitan area	Poland	7.631 (2021)[5]	488,942 (2021)[6]
Bielefeld	Germany	17.56 (2021)[5]	333,509 (2021)[6]
Bilbao metropolitan area	Spain	41.923 (2021)[5]	1,139,871 (2021)[6]
Billings, MT MSA	United States	14.407832 (2023)[13]	191,435 (2023)[14]
Binghamton, NY MSA	United States	12.927169 (2023)[13]	243,792 (2023)[14]
Birmingham (West Midlands)	United Kingdom	242.839 (2023)[9][10]	6,085,687 (2023)[9]
Birmingham-Hoover, AL MSA	United States	84.566170 (2023)[13]	1,116,857 (2022)[14]
Bismarck, ND MSA	United States	9.430711 (2023)[13]	135,786 (2023)[14]
Blacksburg-Christiansburg, VA MSA	United States	10.166304 (2023)[13]	165,812 (2022)[14]
Bloomington, IL MSA	United States	15.005648 (2023)[13]	170,441 (2023)[14]
Bloomington, IN MSA	United States	9.641723 (2023)[13]	160,874 (2023)[14]
Bloomsburg-Berwick, PA MSA	United States	5.613010 (2023)[13]	83,017 (2022)[14]
Bocholt metropolitan area	Germany	17.907 (2021)[5]	371,898 (2021)[6]
Boise, ID MSA	United States	55.331136 (2023)[13]	824,657 (2023)[14]
Bologna metropolitan area	Italy	51.008 (2021)[5]	1,015,608 (2021)[6]
Bordeaux	France	72.475 (2021)[5]	1,661,929 (2021)[6]
Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	610.486 (2024)[13]	4,919,179 (2023)[14]
Boulder, CO MSA	United States	37.662897 (2023)[13]	326,831 (2023)[14]
Bournemouth,Christchurch, Dorset andPoole	United Kingdom	18.621 (2023)[9][10]	404,050 (2023)[9]
Bowling Green, KY MSA	United States	11.830435 (2023)[13]	188,840 (2023)[14]
Brantford	Canada	5.385 (2021)[7]	154,782 (2021)[8]
Brasília	Brazil	65.338 (2015)(8th)	4,627,771 (2019)[51]
Brașov	Romania	9.347 (2021)[5]	553,256 (2021)[6]
Bratislava metropolitan area	Slovakia	32.338 (2022)[5]	723,714 (2022)[6]
Breda	Netherlands	38.136 (2021)[5]	637,031 (2021)[6]
Bremen	Germany	63 (2021)[5]	1,278,848 (2021)[6]
Bremerhaven	Germany	11.14 (2021)[5]	312,383 (2021)[6]
Bremerton-Silverdale-Port Orchard, WA MSA	United States	17.319445 (2023)[13]	277,658 (2023)[14]
Brescia metropolitan area	Italy	53.728 (2021)[5]	1,255,709 (2021)[6]
Brest Métropole	France	32.208 (2021)[5]	919,983 (2021)[6]
Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	116.030979 (2023)[13]	962,946 (2022)[14]
Brighton & Hove	United Kingdom	16.510 (2023)[9][10]	279,637 (2023)[9]
Brisbane	Australia	177 (2018–19)[18]	2,388,038 (2018–19)[52]
Bristol	United Kingdom	28.328 (2023)[9][10]	482,998 (2023)[9]
Brno	Czech Republic	31.944 (2022)[5]	1,184,568 (2022)[6]
Brownsville-Harlingen, TX MSA	United States	15.602248 (2023)[13]	426,710 (2023)[14]
Brunswick, GA MSA	United States	6.444126 (2023)[13]	114,442 (2022)[14]
Brussels metropolitan area	Belgium	211.091 (2022)[5]	3,348,154 (2022)[6]
Bucharest Metropolitan Area	Romania	79.977 (2021)[53]	2,327,057 (2021)[6]
Budapest metropolitan area	Hungary	86.176 (2022)[5]	3,031,887 (2022)[6]
Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	90.716457 (2023)[13]	1,155,604 (2023)[14]
Burlington, NC MSA	United States	8.624438 (2023)[13]	179,165 (2023)[14]
Burlington-South Burlington, VT MSA	United States	18.671208 (2023)[13]	227,942 (2023)[14]
Bursa	Turkey	33.641 (2021)[54]	2,125,000 (2021)[22]
Busan-Gyeongnam Area	South Korea	252.145 (2022)[38]	5,115,000 (2022)[39]
Bydgoszcz–Toruń metropolitan area	Poland	14.079 (2021)[5]	751,413 (2021)[6]
Cádiz-Jerez metropolitan area	Spain	26.772 (2021)[5]	1,258,153 (2021)[6]
Caen	France	25.18 (2021)[5]	695,207 (2021)[6]
Cairns	Australia	10.709 (2018–19)[18]	153,951 (2019)[55]
Calgary Metropolitan Region	Canada	92.109 (2021)[7]	1,558,588 (2021)[8]
California-Lexington Park, MD MSA	United States	9.882630 (2023)[13]	114,877 (2022)[14]
Campinas	Brazil	40.525 (2011)[26]	3,264,915 (2019)[56]
Campo Grande	Brazil	9.59 (2013)[57]	898,100 (2022)[58]
Campos dos Goytacazes	Brazil	5.358 (2016)[59]	511,168 (2020)[60]
Canberra	Australia	30.909 (2018–19)[18]	465,118 (2018–19)[61]
Canton-Massillon, OH MSA	United States	24.599897 (2023)[13]	399,474 (2023)[14]
Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL MSA	United States	50.645899 (2023)[13]	834,573 (2023)[14]
Cape Girardeau, MO-IL MSA	United States	5.797295 (2023)[13]	98,223 (2023)[14]
Cape Town	South Africa	56.300 (2022)[62]	4,375,000 (2022)[39]
Caracas	Venezuela	70 (2012)[63]	1,942,652 (2011)[64]
Carbondale-Marion, IL MSA	United States	7.263128 (2023)[13]	132,693 (2022)[14]
Cardiff andVale of Glamorgan	United Kingdom	24.345 (2023)[9][10]	518,269 (2023)[9]
Carson City, NV MSA	United States	4.777092 (2023)[13]	58,036 (2023)[14]
Casablanca	Morocco	47.000 (2022)[65]	4,625,000 (2022)[39]
Casper, WY MSA	United States	6.983637 (2023)[13]	79,941 (2023)[14]
Cebu City	Philippines	5.6 (2023)[66]	2,700,000 (2023)[16]
Cedar Rapids, IA MSA	United States	22.962630 (2023)[13]	275,668 (2023)[14]
Central German Metropolitan Region	Germany	335.193 (2023)[48]	8,300,000 (2024)[48]
Chambersburg-Waynesboro, PA MSA	United States	8.148840 (2023)[13]	156,902 (2022)[14]
Champaign-Urbana, IL MSA	United States	15.512304 (2023)[13]	235,608 (2023)[14]
Chandigarh	India	6 (2023)[16]	2,575,000 (2023)[16]
Changchun	China	96.240 (2020)[67][68]	3,700,000 (2020)[12]
Changde	China	54.355 (2020)[67]	1,160,000 (2020)[12]
Changji[69]	China	35.234 (2024)	1,623,350 (2024)
Changsha	China	214.4 (2024)[70][71]	10,564,800 (2024)[72]
Charleroi	Belgium	16.619 (2022)[5]	558,107 (2022)[6]
Charleston-North Charleston, SC MSA	United States	63.973949 (2023)[13]	849,417 (2023)[14]
Charleston, WV MSA	United States	16.291494 (2023)[13]	203,164 (2023)[14]
Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	255.666417 (2023)[13]	2,805,115 (2023)[14]
Charlottesville, VA MSA	United States	18.817343 (2023)[13]	225,127 (2023)[14]
Chattanooga, TN-GA MSA	United States	42.381201 (2023)[13]	580,971 (2023)[14]
Chengdu[73]	China	330.136 (2024)	21,403,000 (2024)
Chennai	India	219 (2020)[74]	11,300,000 (2020)[12]
Cheyenne, WY MSA	United States	8.285241 (2023)[13]	100,984 (2023)[14]
Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	919.229 (2024)[13]	9,900,000 (2023)[16]
Chiclayo	Peru	4.0 (2023)[30]	612,800 (2023)[31]
Chico, CA MSA	United States	11.727399 (2023)[13]	207,172 (2023)[14]
Chilliwack	Canada	3.861 (2021)[7]	119,221 (2021)[8]
Chimbote	Peru	5.0 (2023)[30]	406,600 (2023)[31]
Chittagong	Bangladesh	25.5 (2019)[75]	4,925,000 (2020)[12]
Chongqing	China	452.043 (2024)[76]	10,900,000 (2024)[24]
Chuzhou[citation needed]	China	56.649 (2024)	4,055,500 (2024)
Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	198.888723 (2023)[13]	2,271,479 (2023)[14]
Clarksville, TN-KY MSA	United States	17.765745 (2023)[13]	340,495 (2023)[14]
Clermont-Ferrand	France	27.074 (2021)[5]	669,014 (2021)[6]
Cleveland-Elyria, OH (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	173.135607 (2023)[13]	2,063,132 (2022)[14]
Cleveland, TN MSA	United States	6.807509 (2023)[13]	129,612 (2023)[14]
Cluj-Napoca	Romania	14.75 (2021)[5]	710,284 (2021)[6]
Cocos (Keeling) Islands	Cocos (Keeling) Islands	0.011 (2010)[77]	561 (2011)[78]
Coeur d'Alene, ID MSA	United States	10.583848 (2023)[13]	185,010 (2023)[14]
Coimbatore	India	45 (2021)[79]	2,775,000 (2021)[22]
Coimbra	Portugal	9.799 (2022)[5]	438,212 (2022)[6]
College Station-Bryan, TX MSA	United States	19.585335 (2023)[13]	281,445 (2023)[14]
Colombo	Sri Lanka	33 (2023)[80]	4,900,000 (2023)[81]
Colorado Springs, CO MSA	United States	53.092641 (2023)[13]	768,832 (2023)[14]
Columbia, MO MSA	United States	13.572357 (2023)[13]	216,511 (2023)[14]
Columbia, SC MSA	United States	58.497422 (2023)[13]	858,302 (2023)[14]
Columbus, GA-AL MSA	United States	18.710583 (2023)[13]	323,768 (2023)[14]
Columbus, IN MSA	United States	8.668346 (2023)[13]	84,003 (2023)[14]
Columbus, OH (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	182.087631 (2023)[13]	2,180,271 (2023)[14]
Communauté d'agglomération Nîmes Métropole	France	23.545 (2021)[5]	751,840 (2021)[6]
Communauté d'agglomération Pau Béarn Pyrénées	France	26.395 (2021)[5]	688,474 (2021)[6]
Constanța	Romania	10.936 (2021)[5]	668,065(2021) (2021)[6]
Copenhagen metropolitan area	Denmark	188.321 (2022)[5]	2,082,710 (2022)[6]
Córdoba metropolitan area	Spain	17.286 (2021)[5]	781,186 (2021)[6]
Corpus Christi, TX MSA	United States	30.930920 (2023)[13]	448,323 (2023)[14]
Corvallis, OR MSA	United States	6.035305 (2023)[13]	97,713 (2023)[14]
Coventry	United Kingdom	16.028 (2023)[9][10]	360,702 (2023)[9]
Craiova metropolitan area	Romania	7.065 (2021)[5]	615,962 (2021)[6]
Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin, FL MSA	United States	23.794720 (2023)[13]	304,818 (2023)[14]
Cumberland, MD-WV MSA	United States	4.359585 (2023)[13]	94,122 (2022)[14]
Curitiba	Brazil	58.082 (2011)[26]	3,654,960 (2010)[82]
Częstochowa metropolitan area	Poland	7.931 (2021)[5]	487,392 (2021)[6]
Daegu	South Korea	50.400 (2022)[83]	2,750,000 (2022)[39]
Daejeon	South Korea	40.000 (2022)[83]	1,540,000 (2022)[39]
Dalian[84]	China	133.632 (2024)	7,542,000 (2024)
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	744.654 (2024)[13]	8,100,037 (2023)[14]
Dalton, GA MSA	United States	9.271266 (2023)[13]	144,722 (2023)[14]
Danville, IL MSA	United States	4.136523 (2023)[13]	72,337 (2022)[14]
Daphne-Fairhope-Foley, AL MSA	United States	12.071468 (2023)[13]	253,507 (2023)[14]
Daqing[85]	China	39.538 (2024)	2,681,500 (2024)
Dar es Salaam	Tanzania	10.4 (2019)[86]	6,450,000 (2020)[12]
Davao City	Philippines	9.6 (2023)[87]	1,650,000 (2023)[16]
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL MSA	United States	27.875132 (2023)[13]	379,441 (2023)[14]
Dayton, OH MSA	United States	41.111 (2017)[13]	812,595 (2022)[14]
Debrecen	Hungary	7.085 (2022)[5]	524,272 (2022)[6]
Decatur, AL MSA	United States	8.841158 (2023)[13]	158,635 (2023)[14]
Decatur, IL MSA	United States	8.822934 (2023)[13]	100,591 (2023)[14]
Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach, FL MSA	United States	32.539529 (2023)[13]	721,796 (2023)[14]
Denpasar Metropolitan	Indonesia	9.941 (2021)[88]	1,580,000 (2021)[22]
Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	311.876352 (2023)[13]	3,950,000 (2023)[16]
Derby	United Kingdom	12.633 (2023)[9][10]	266,460 (2023)[9]
Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA MSA	United States	74.062506 (2023)[13]	737,164 (2023)[14]
Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	331.333163 (2023)[13]	4,342,304 (2023)[14]
Deyang	China	34.855 (2020)[67][89]	3,456,161 (2020)[90]
Dijon Métropole	France	23.238 (2021)[5]	534,164 (2021)[6]
Dongying[91]	China	60.487 (2024)	2,207,150 (2024)
Dothan, AL MSA	United States	9.099360 (2023)[13]	153,349 (2023)[14]
Dover, DE MSA	United States	10.509748 (2023)[13]	189,789 (2023)[14]
Dresden	Germany	54.841 (2021)[5]	1,339,330 (2021)[6]
Drummondville	Canada	3.967 (2021)[7]	102,526 (2021)[8]
Dubai-Sharjah-Ajman metropolitan area	United Arab Emirates	202.8 (2023)[92]	6,176,155 (2023)[93][94]
Dubuque, IA MSA	United States	9.017369 (2023)[13]	98,887 (2023)[14]
Duluth, MN-WI MSA	United States	18.838611 (2023)[13]	281,603 (2023)[14]
Durban	South Africa	64.700 (2022)[62]	3,525,000 (2022)[39]
Düren (district)	Germany	10.032 (2021)[5]	265,140 (2021)[6]
Durham-Chapel Hill, NC MSA	United States	70.305292 (2023)[13]	608,879 (2023)[14]
East Stroudsburg, PA MSA	United States	9.215416 (2023)[13]	167,198 (2022)[14]
Eau Claire, WI MSA	United States	11.674198 (2023)[13]	174,873 (2023)[14]
Edinburgh	United Kingdom	45.441 (2023)[9][10]	523,250 (2023)[9]
Edmonton Metropolitan Region	Canada	74.617 (2021)[7]	1,480,159 (2021)[8]
Eindhoven	Netherlands	54.931 (2021)[5]	784,390 (2021)[6]
El Centro, CA MSA	United States	13.483299 (2023)[13]	179,057 (2023)[14]
El Paso, TX MSA	United States	48.609163 (2023)[13]	873,331 (2023)[14]
Elizabethtown-Fort Knox, KY MSA	United States	8.182312 (2023)[13]	157,026 (2022)[14]
Elkhart-Goshen, IN MSA	United States	20.857760 (2023)[13]	206,409 (2023)[14]
Elmira, NY MSA	United States	4.544209 (2023)[13]	81,325 (2023)[14]
Enid, OK MSA	United States	3.804621 (2023)[13]	62,023 (2023)[14]
Enschede	Netherlands	30.955 (2021)[5]	784,390 (2021)[6]
Erfurt	Germany	22.17 (2021)[5]	522,968 (2021)[6]
Erie, PA MSA	United States	14.204975 (2023)[13]	267,571 (2023)[14]
Eugene-Springfield, OR MSA	United States	22.550913 (2023)[13]	381,181 (2023)[14]
European Metropolis of Lille	France	101.652 (2021)[5]	2,607,879 (2021)[6]
Evansville, IN-KY MSA	United States	27.437679 (2023)[13]	314,038 (2022)[14]
Ezhou[95]	China	18.834 (2024)	1,072,500 (2024)
Fairbanks, AK MSA	United States	7.198784 (2023)[13]	95,356 (2022)[14]
Faisalabad	Pakistan	43 (2013)[96]	3,204,704 (2017)[97]
Fangchenggang[98][99]	China	16.394 (2024)	1,050,000 (2024)
Fargo, ND-MN MSA	United States	20.535575 (2023)[13]	262,620 (2023)[14]
Farmington, NM MSA	United States	6.822347 (2023)[13]	120,675 (2023)[14]
Fayetteville, NC MSA	United States	28.205160 (2023)[13]	392,336 (2023)[14]
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR MSA	United States	40.776485 (2023)[13]	590,337 (2023)[14]
Flagstaff, AZ MSA	United States	9.967529 (2023)[13]	144,472 (2023)[14]
Flensburg	Germany	11.963 (2021)[5]	292,581 (2021)[6]
Flint, MI MSA	United States	19.151079 (2023)[13]	401,522 (2023)[14]
Florence, SC MSA	United States	12.505628 (2023)[13]	199,630 (2023)[14]
Florence-Muscle Shoals, AL MSA	United States	7.212666 (2023)[13]	155,175 (2023)[14]
Fond du Lac, WI MSA	United States	6.451530 (2023)[13]	103,948 (2023)[14]
Fort Collins, CO MSA	United States	26.974178 (2023)[13]	366,778 (2022)[14]
Fort Smith, AR-OK MSA	United States	12.729594 (2023)[13]	231,280 (2023)[14]
Fort Wayne, IN MSA	United States	30.231008 (2023)[13]	457,842 (2023)[14]
Fort-de-France	France	10.166 (2022)[5]	352,205 (2022)[6]
Fortaleza	Brazil	21.7 (2012)[100]	3,615,767 (2022)[101]
Fredericton	Canada	5.029 (2021)[7]	112,428 (2021)[8]
Freiburg im Breisgau	Germany	33.292 (2021)[5]	662,669 (2021)[6]
Fresno, CA MSA	United States	60.151259 (2023)[13]	1,180,020 (2023)[14]
Fukuoka–Kitakyushu	Japan	182.952 (2019)[102]	4,750,000 (2020)[12]
Fuzhou[103]	China	199.907 (2024)	8,485,000 (2024)
Gadsden, AL MSA	United States	3.776967 (2023)[13]	103,241 (2023)[14]
Gainesville, FL MSA	United States	21.823778 (2023)[13]	352,126 (2023)[14]
Gainesville, GA MSA	United States	16.640845 (2023)[13]	217,267 (2023)[14]
Galati	Romania	5.204 (2021)[5]	495,149 (2021)[6]
Gdansk metropolitan area	Poland	28.126 (2021)[5]	1,360,005 (2021)[6]
Geelong	Australia	8.725 (2018–19)[18]	271,848 (2018–19)[104]
George Town conurbation	Malaysia	30.2 (2020)[105][106][107]	2,843,344 (2020)[108]
Gettysburg, PA MSA	United States	4.739846 (2023)[13]	106,748 (2023)[14]
Ghent metropolitan area	Belgium	38.834 (2022)[5]	656,665 (2022)[6]
Gibraltar	Gibraltar	3.265 (2022)[109][110]	32,688 (2022)[111]
Giessen (region)	Germany	12.676 (2021)[5]	271,667 (2021)[6]
Gladstone	Australia	4.464 (2018–19)[18]	45,130 (2018)[112]
Glasgow	United Kingdom	39.506 (2023)[9][10]	631,970 (2023)[9]
Glens Falls, NY MSA	United States	8.717091 (2023)[13]	125,427 (2023)[14]
Goiânia	Brazil	22.763 (2011)[26]	2,654,860 (2022)[113]
Gold Coast	Australia	26.669 (2018–19)[18]	679,127 (2018)[114]
Goldsboro, NC MSA	United States	6.339867 (2023)[13]	118,686 (2023)[14]
Görlitz (district)	Germany	9.233 (2021)[5]	250,558 (2021)[6]
Gothenburg	Sweden	104.765 (2021)[5]	1,734,443 (2021)[6]
Granada metropolitan area	Spain	20.273 (2021)[5]	928,381 (2021)[6]
Grand Besançon Métropole	France	18.888 (2021)[5]	546,224 (2021)[6]
Grand Forks, ND-MN MSA	United States	6.878157 (2023)[13]	103,120 (2023)[14]
Grand Genève	Switzerland	61.752 (2021)[5]	506,343 (2021)[6]
Grand Island, NE MSA	United States	5.979384 (2023)[13]	76,479 (2023)[14]
Grand Junction, CO MSA	United States	9.147468 (2023)[13]	159,681 (2023)[14]
Grand Poitiers communauté urbaine	France	15.197 (2021)[5]	439,635 (2021)[6]
Grand Rapids-Kentwood, MI MSA	United States	82.311400 (2023)[13]	1,094,198 (2022)[14]
Grand Reims	France	24.109 (2021)[5]	563,998 (2021)[6]
Grants Pass, OR MSA	United States	3.877152 (2023)[13]	87,821 (2023)[14]
Graz	Austria	35.891 (2021)[5]	646,099 (2021)[6]
Great Falls, MT MSA	United States	5.345805 (2023)[13]	84,900 (2023)[14]
Greater Buenos Aires	Argentina	235.600 (2023)[115]	16,700,000 (2023)[16]
Greater Cairo	Egypt	190.200 (2021)[21]	21,500,000 (2021)[22]
Dhaka	Bangladesh	285.1 (2023)[116]	21,300,000 (2023)[16]
Greater Dublin Area	Ireland	272.454 (2021)[5]	2,160,781 (2021)[6]
Greater Helsinki	Finland	125.166 (2022)[53]	1,500,000 (2022)[39]
Manchester (Greater Manchester)	United Kingdom	137.029 (2023)[9][10]	2,948,633 (2023)[9]
Greater Manila Area	Philippines	162.3 (2022)[117]	26,400,000 (2022)[39]
Greater Mexico City	Mexico	340.800 (2022)[118]	24,700,000 (2022)[39]
Greater Montreal	Canada	203.121 (2021)[7]	4,340,642 (2021)[8]
Greater Oslo Region	Norway	83.936 (2021)[5]	697,010 (2021)[6]
Greater São Paulo	Brazil	319.30 (2023)[119]	23,000,000 (2023)[16]
Greater Stavanger	Norway	37.352 (2021)[5]	482,645 (2021)[6]
Greater Sudbury	Canada	8.259 (2021)[7]	172,832 (2021)[8]
Greater Tokyo Area	Japan	2,094.000 (2024)[120]	40,400,000 (2020)[12]
Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area	Canada	411.866 (2021)[7]	7,358,777 (2021)[8]
Greater Vancouver	Canada	146.512 (2021)[7]	2,764,932 (2021)[8]
Greeley, CO MSA	United States	28.181144 (2023)[13]	359,442 (2023)[14]
Green Bay, WI MSA	United States	26.276686 (2023)[13]	331,882 (2023)[14]
Greensboro-High Point, NC MSA	United States	52.925956 (2023)[13]	789,842 (2023)[14]
Greenville, NC MSA	United States	11.865912 (2023)[13]	175,119 (2023)[14]
Greenville-Anderson, SC MSA	United States	63.357431 (2023)[13]	958,958 (2022)[14]
Grenoble metropolitan area	France	53.016 (2021)[5]	1,280,557 (2021)[6]
Groningen	Netherlands	26.587 (2021)[5]	451,098 (2021)[6]
Guadalajara	Mexico	65.800 (2023)[121]	5,750,000 (2023)[16]
Shenzhen	China	516.757 (2024)[122]	17,889,800 (2024)[123]
Guangzhou	China	436 (2024)[124][70]	18,902,500 (2024)[125]
Tianjin[126]	China	253.090 (2024)	13,640,000 (2024)
Suzhou[127]	China	375.290 (2024)	12,972,500 (2024)
Ningbo[128]	China	254.823 (2024)	9,737,000 (2024)
Foshan[129]	China	187.622 (2024)	9,657,150 (2024)
Nantong[130]	China	174.423 (2024)	7,749,250 (2024)
Dongguan[131]	China	172.461 (2024)	10,528,050 (2024)
Changzhou[132]	China	151.840 (2024)	5,380,500 (2024)
Guelph	Canada	9.471 (2021)[7]	169,363 (2021)[8]
Guiyang	China	62.511 (2020)[67][133]	3,300,000 (2020)[12]
Gujranwala	Pakistan	15.681 (2016)[134]	5,011,066 (2017)[135]
Gulfport-Biloxi, MS MSA	United States	24.668587 (2023)[13]	421,916 (2023)[14]
Gwangju	South Korea	36.000 (2022)[83]	1,630,000 (2022)[39]
Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV MSA	United States	15.286099 (2023)[13]	305,902 (2023)[14]
Haifa	Israel	25.082 (2019)[136]	1,050,000 (2019)[137]
Haixi Prefecture[138]	China	11.906 (2024)	472,050 (2024)
Halifax, Nova Scotia	Canada	21.574 (2021)[7]	459,869 (2021)[8]
Hamamatsu	Japan	54.3 (2010)[139][140]	800,866 (2010)[141]
Hamburg Metropolitan Region	Germany	212.324 (2021)[48]	3,353,084 (2021)[6]
Hami[142]	China	15.227 (2024)	668,750 (2024)
Hammond, LA MSA	United States	6.219912 (2023)[13]	138,064 (2023)[14]
Hanford-Corcoran, CA MSA	United States	8.873931 (2023)[13]	152,682 (2023)[14]
Hangzhou[143]	China	306.949 (2024)	12,573,000 (2024)
Hannover–Braunschweig–Göttingen–Wolfsburg Metropolitan Region	Germany	199.167 (2021)[48]	3,900,000 (2021)[48]
Hanoi	Vietnam	58 (2024)[144]	7,150,000 (2024)[24]
Harbin	China	94.1 (2017)[145]	10,009,854 (2020)[146]
Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA MSA	United States	50.902418 (2023)[13]	606,055 (2023)[14]
Harrisonburg, VA MSA	United States	10.348301 (2023)[13]	137,650 (2023)[14]
Hartford-East Hartford-Middletown, CT (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	122.805302 (2023)[13]	1,221,725 (2022)[14]
Hattiesburg, MS MSA	United States	8.700243 (2023)[13]	155,740 (2023)[14]
Hefei[citation needed]	China	189.670 (2024)	9,927,500 (2024)
Heidelberg	Germany	36.776 (2021)[5]	706,974 (2021)[6]
Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC MSA	United States	19.612987 (2022)[13]	367,802 (2022)[14]
Hilton Head Island-Bluffton, SC MSA	United States	14.360798 (2023)[13]	228,410 (2022)[14]
Hinesville, GA MSA	United States	5.154740 (2023)[13]	88,804 (2023)[14]
Hiroshima	Japan	61.3 (2010)[139][140]	2,860,750 (2010)[147]
Ho Chi Minh City metropolitan area	Vietnam	96.399 (2022)[148]	10,900,000 (2022)[39]
Hobart	Australia	11.388 (2018–19)[18]	218,874 (2018–19)[149]
Hohhot[150]	China	57.670 (2024)	3,621,750 (2024)
Homosassa Springs, FL MSA	United States	6.430594 (2023)[13]	166,696 (2023)[14]
Hong Kong	China	423.999 (2025)[151]	7,567,000 (2025)[151]
Hot Springs, AR MSA	United States	4.606197 (2023)[13]	99,784 (2023)[14]
Houma-Thibodaux, LA MSA	United States	12.215010 (2023)[13]	200,656 (2022)[14]
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	696.999 (2024)[13]	7,050,000 (2023)[16]
Hsinchu	Taiwan	11.980 (2016)[152]	448,207 (2020)[153]
Huai'an[154]	China	76.007 (2024)	4,538,300 (2024)
Huizhou[155]	China	86.165 (2024)	6,095,100 (2024)
Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH MSA	United States	19.176990 (2023)[13]	368,261 (2023)[14]
Huntsville, AL MSA	United States	42.815938 (2023)[13]	527,254 (2023)[14]
Huzhou[156]	China	59.163 (2024)	3,452,000 (2024)
Hyderabad	India	83.5 (2023)[157]	11,100,000 (2023)[16]
Iași	Romania	9.928 (2021)[5]	794,752 (2021)[6]
Idaho Falls, ID MSA	United States	11.962936 (2023)[13]	168,322 (2023)[14]
Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	199.197977 (2023)[13]	2,100,000 (2023)[16]
Indore	India	8.1 (2020–21)[158]	3,175,000 (2020)[12]
Innsbruck	Austria	17.489 (2021)[5]	312,757 (2021)[6]
Iowa City, IA MSA	United States	13.602212 (2023)[13]	180,088 (2023)[14]
Iserlohn	Germany	18.657 (2021)[5]	408,662 (2021)[6]
Istanbul metropolitan area	Turkey	275.365 (2022)[159]	16,500,000 (2022)[39]
Ithaca, NY MSA	United States	7.388818 (2023)[13]	103,558 (2023)[14]
İzmir	Turkey	51.460 (2021)[54]	3,050,000 (2021)[22]
Jackson, MI MSA	United States	8.588193 (2023)[13]	159,424 (2023)[14]
Jackson, MS MSA	United States	37.054502 (2023)[13]	610,257 (2023)[14]
Jackson, TN MSA	United States	11.474534 (2023)[13]	181,826 (2023)[14]
Jacksonville, FL (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	129.094522 (2023)[13]	1,713,240 (2023)[14]
Jacksonville, NC MSA	United States	11.858614 (2023)[13]	213,676 (2023)[14]
Jaipur	India	15 (2021)[160]	4,050,000 (2021)[22]
Jakarta metropolitan area	Indonesia	338.836 (2023)[161][162][163]	28,900,000 (2023)[16]
Janesville-Beloit, WI MSA	United States	10.503232 (2023)[13]	164,278 (2023)[14]
Jeddah	Saudi Arabia	138.970 (2022)[164]	5,300,000 (2022)[39]
Jefferson City, MO MSA	United States	10.722699 (2023)[13]	150,733 (2023)[14]
Jerusalem	Israel	48.0 (2015)[165]	1,008,400 (2013)[166]
Jiaxing[167]	China	106.288 (2024)	5,596,000 (2024)
Jiayuguan[168]	China	4.351 (2024)	315,050 (2024)
Jinan[169]	China	189.949 (2024)	9,475,850 (2024)
Jinchang[170]	China	7.088 (2024)	433,500 (2024)
Beijing	China	699.876 (2024)[171]	21,200,000 (2024)[24]
Jingmen	China	27.640 (2020)[67][172]	2,596,927 (2020)[173]
Jiujiang	China	46.981 (2020)[67][174]	4,600,276 (2020)[175]
Johannesburg	South Africa	134.682 (2022)[62]	8,400,042 (2022)[56]
Johnson City, TN MSA	United States	10.758069 (2022)[13]	210,223 (2022)[14]
Johnstown, PA MSA	United States	6.068733 (2023)[13]	130,668 (2023)[14]
Jonesboro, AR MSA	United States	7.875673 (2023)[13]	136,390 (2023)[14]
Joplin, MO MSA	United States	9.860195 (2023)[13]	184,086 (2022)[14]
Jundiaí	Brazil	20.081 (2011)[26]	706,000 (2023)[176]
Kabul	Afghanistan	6.000	5,050,000 (2024)[24]
Kagoshima	Japan	53.0 (2019)[120]	1,588,256 (2020)[177]
Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, HI MSA	United States	12.299263 (2023)[13]	164,351 (2022)[14]
Kaiserslautern	Germany	10.428 (2021)[5]	276,087 (2021)[6]
Kalamazoo-Portage, MI MSA	United States	20.316132 (2023)[13]	262,215 (2023)[14]
Kamloops	Canada	5.533 (2021)[7]	117,137 (2021)[8]
Kankakee, IL MSA	United States	8.725053 (2023)[13]	105,940 (2023)[14]
Kansas City, MO-KS (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	185.746211 (2023)[13]	2,221,343 (2023)[14]
Kaohsiung	Taiwan	58.071 (2016)[152]	2,775,000 (2020)[12]
Karachi	Pakistan	176.2 (2022)[178]	18,600,000 (2022)[39]
Karamay[179]	China	18.633 (2024)	490,950 (2024)
Karlsruhe	Germany	47.243 (2021)[5]	755,288 (2021)[6]
Kassel	Germany	21.388 (2021)[5]	438,055 (2021)[6]
Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area[note 1]	Poland Czech Republic	88.791 (2021)[5]	4,410,354 (2021)[6]
Kaunas urban area	Lithuania	11.69021 (2021)[5]	565,628 (2021)[6]
Kelowna	Canada	9.822 (2021)[7]	229,003 (2021)[8]
Kennewick-Richland, WA MSA	United States	21.082419 (2023)[13]	314,253 (2023)[14]
Kiel	Germany	29.003 (2021)[5]	650,719 (2021)[6]
Kielce	Poland	10.378 (2021)[5]	708,766 (2021)[6]
Killeen-Temple, TX MSA	United States	26.667324 (2023)[13]	501,333 (2023)[14]
Kingston upon Hull	United Kingdom	10.325 (2023)[9][10]	271,942 (2023)[9]
Kingsport-Bristol, TN-VA MSA	United States	18.326336 (2023)[13]	313,025 (2023)[14]
Kingston, NY MSA	United States	9.905383 (2023)[13]	182,333 (2023)[14]
Kingston, Ontario	Canada	8.106 (2021)[7]	176,738 (2021)[8]
Kitchener, Ontario	Canada	29.715 (2021)[7]	599,816 (2021)[8]
Knoxville, TN MSA	United States	64.382649 (2023)[13]	946,264 (2023)[14]
Koblenz	Germany	18.782 (2021)[5]	328,174 (2021)[6]
Kokomo, IN MSA	United States	5.473566 (2023)[13]	83,831 (2023)[14]
Kolkata	India	220 (2024)[180]	17,700,000 (2024)[24]
Konstanz, metropolitan area	Germany	13.141 (2021)[5]	286,876 (2021)[6]
Košice	Slovakia	13.994 (2022)[5]	780,288 (2022)[6]
Kraków metropolitan area	Poland	33.993 (2021)[5]	1,533,641 (2021)[6]
Greater Kuala Lumpur	Malaysia	159.603 (2023)[181][circular reference]	9,100,000 (2023)[16]
Kumamoto	Japan	39.8 (2010)[139][182]	1,817,426 (2010)[183]
Kunming	China	97.628 (2020)[67][184]	4,250,000 (2020)[12]
Kuwait City	Kuwait	118.000 (2020)[185]	4,750,000 (2020)[12]
Kyiv	Ukraine	27.5 (2020)[186]	3,475,000 (2020)[12]
Kyoto–Osaka–Kobe	Japan	578.830 (2024)[38]	17,700,000 (2022)[39]
La Crosse-Onalaska, WI-MN MSA	United States	10.146203 (2023)[13]	170,238 (2023)[14]
Lafayette, LA MSA	United States	27.687065 (2023)[13]	414,288 (2023)[14]
Lafayette-West Lafayette, IN MSA	United States	14.979052 (2023)[13]	226,564 (2023)[14]
Lagos metropolitan area	Nigeria	102.010 (2021)[187]	20,100,000 (2021)[22]
Lahore	Pakistan	87.000 (2022)[188]	13,900,000 (2022)[39]
Lake Charles, LA MSA	United States	19.707364 (2022)[13]	239,113 (2022)[14]
Lake Havasu City-Kingman, AZ MSA	United States	8.845478 (2023)[13]	223,682 (2023)[14]
Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL MSA	United States	41.081699 (2023)[13]	818,330 (2023)[14]
Lancaster, PA MSA	United States	38.970487 (2023)[13]	558,589 (2023)[14]
Lansing-East Lansing, MI MSA	United States	35.439859 (2023)[13]	473,177 (2023)[14]
Laredo, TX MSA	United States	16.186701 (2023)[13]	269,148 (2023)[14]
Las Cruces, NM MSA	United States	10.565364 (2023)[13]	225,210 (2023)[14]
Las Palmas metropolitan area	Spain	19.588 (2021)[5]	873,411 (2021)[6]
Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	178.388313 (2023)[13]	2,375,000 (2023)[16]
Launceston	Australia	3.961 (2018–19)[18]	89,532 (2018–19)[189]
Lausanne metropolitan area	Switzerland	68.982 (2021)[5]	814,762 (2021)[6]
Lawrence, KS MSA	United States	6.741959 (2023)[13]	120,553 (2023)[14]
Lawton, OK MSA	United States	6.838293 (2023)[13]	127,001 (2023)[14]
Le Mans Métropole	France	18.444 (2021)[5]	565,314 (2021)[6]
Lebanon, PA MSA	United States	7.912272 (2023)[13]	144,252 (2023)[14]
Leeds (West Yorkshire)	United Kingdom	48.918 (2023)[9][10]	829,413 (2023)[9]
Leeuwarden metropolitan area	Netherlands	13.311 (2021)[5]	321,562 (2021)[6]
Leicester	United Kingdom	14.230 (2023)[9][10]	379,780 (2023)[9][10]
Leiden	Netherlands	20.721 (2021)[5]	431,595 (2021)[6]
Les Abymes	France	11.045 (2022)[5]	407,810 (2022)[6]
Lethbridge	Canada	5.657 (2021)[7]	130,088 (2021)[8]
Lewiston, ID-WA MSA	United States	3.915782 (2023)[13]	65,536 (2023)[14]
Lewiston-Auburn, ME MSA	United States	6.750171 (2023)[13]	113,765 (2023)[14]
Lexington-Fayette, KY MSA	United States	38.612656 (2023)[13]	520,045 (2023)[14]
Lhasa[190]	China	13.902 (2024)	871,800 (2024)
Lianyungang[191]	China	65.478 (2024)	4,587,850 (2024)
Liège	Belgium	30.383 (2022)[5]	826,237 (2022)[6]
Lima metropolitan area	Peru	114.400 (2023)[30]	11,600,000 (2023)[16]
Lima, OH MSA	United States	11.599931 (2023)[13]	100,838 (2023)[14]
Limoges metropolitan area	France	13.327 (2021)[5]	370,651 (2021)[6]
Lincoln, NE MSA	United States	27.995268 (2023)[13]	344,387 (2023)[14]
Linz	Austria	48.98 (2021)[5]	808,545 (2021)[6]
Lisbon metropolitan area	Portugal	129.913 (2022)[5]	3,023,627 (2025)[6]
Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR MSA	United States	51.199275 (2023)[13]	764,045 (2023)[14]
Liuzhou	China	46.060 (2020)[67][99]	2,000,000 (2020)[12]
Liverpool (Merseyside)	United Kingdom	61.200 (2023)[9][10]	1,586,149 (2023)[9]
Ljubljana	Slovenia	23.092 (2022)[5]	555,213 (2022)[6]
Łódź metropolitan area	Poland	21.78 (2021)[5]	1,054,668 (2021)[6]
Logan, UT-ID MSA	United States	8.907030 (2023)[13]	157,887 (2023)[14]
London	United Kingdom	1,124.105 (2024)[9][10]	8,945,309 (2023)[9]
London, Ontario	Canada	24.508 (2021)[7]	557,394 (2021)[8]
Longview, TX MSA	United States	20.024488 (2023)[13]	293,498 (2023)[14]
Longview, WA MSA	United States	7.096628 (2023)[13]	111,956 (2022)[14]
Longyan[192]	China	48.004 (2024)	2,690,500 (2024)
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	1,618.212 (2024)[13]	12,799,100 (2023)[14]
Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	97.751023 (2023)[13]	1,365,557 (2023)[14]
Lubbock, TX MSA	United States	19.655310 (2023)[13]	360,104 (2023)[14]
Lublin	Poland	11.549 (2021)[5]	687,985 (2021)[6]
Lucerne	Switzerland	36.359 (2021)[5]	459,867 (2021)[6]
Lucknow	India	3.83 (2023)[193]	4,000,000 (2023)[16]
Luton	United Kingdom	9.522 (2023)[9][10]	231,028 (2023)[9]
Luoyang	China	74.352 (2020)[67]	2,550,000 (2020)[12]
Luxembourg metropolitan area	Luxembourg	81.642 (2022)[5]	645,397 (2022)[6]
Lynchburg, VA MSA	United States	13.511861 (2023)[13]	264,590 (2023)[14]
Maanshan[citation needed]	China	39.101 (2024)	2,196,000 (2024)
Macao	China	53.354 (2025)[151]	699,000 (2025)[151]
Mackay	Australia	6.540 (2018–19)[18]	80,148 (2018)[194]
Macon-Bibb County, GA MSA	United States	13.337109 (2023)[13]	236,074 (2023)[14]
Madera, CA MSA	United States	8.025001 (2023)[13]	160,256 (2022)[14]
Madison, WI MSA	United States	66.115608 (2023)[13]	694,345 (2023)[14]
Madrid Metropolitan Area	Spain	280.939 (2021)[5]	6,755,828 (2021)[6]
Magdeburg	Germany	20.238 (2021)[5]	495,745 (2021)[6]
Makassar Metropolitan	Indonesia	17.052 (2021)[195]	1,920,000 (2021)[22]
Málaga metropolitan area	Spain	36.399 (2021)[5]	1,696,463 (2021)[6]
Malmö	Sweden	73.741 (2021)[5]	1,389,336 (2021)[6]
Manado Metropolitan	Indonesia	5.487 (2021)[196]	1,008,126 (2021)[196]
Manaus	Brazil	30.375 (2014)[197]	2,676,936 (2022)[198]
Manchester-Nashua, NH MSA	United States	36.596890 (2023)[13]	427,354 (2023)[14]
Manhattan, KS MSA	United States	8.802533 (2023)[13]	132,831 (2023)[14]
Mankato, MN MSA	United States	7.182368 (2023)[13]	104,248 (2023)[14]
Maribor	Slovenia	7.613 (2022)[5]	327,998 (2022)[6]
Mansfield, OH MSA	United States	5.920097 (2023)[13]	125,064 (2023)[14]
Mataram Metropolitan	Indonesia	5.491 (2021)[199]	3,808,908 (2021)[199]
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX MSA	United States	30.225234 (2023)[13]	898,471 (2023)[14]
Medan Metropolitan	Indonesia	28.248 (2021)[200]	4,075,000 (2021)[22]
Medellín	Colombia	35.000 (2023)[201]	4,225,000 (2023)[16]
Medford, OR MSA	United States	12.853288 (2023)[13]	220,768 (2023)[14]
Melbourne	Australia	318.677 (2021)[38]	5,050,000 (2021)[22]
Memphis, TN-MS-AR (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	102.934012 (2023)[13]	1,335,674 (2023)[14]
Merced, CA MSA	United States	12.214481 (2023)[13]	291,920 (2023)[14]
Métropole du Grand Nancy	France	24.649 (2021)[5]	732,085 (2021)[6]
Métropole Nice Côte d'Azur	France	46.825 (2021)[5]	1,101,039 (2021)[6]
Métropole Rouen Normandie	France	50.939 (2021)[5]	1,254,203 (2021)[6]
Metropolis of Lyon	France	115.084 (2021)[5]	1,899,599 (2021)[6]
Metropolitan Area of Bogotá	Colombia	121.800 (2023)[201]	10,200,000 (2023)[16]
Metropolitan City of Bari	Italy	33.945 (2021)[5]	1,230,819 (2021)[6]
Metropolitan City of Cagliari	Italy	14.262 (2021)[5]	421,488 (2021)[6]
Metropolitan City of Catania	Italy	24.86 (2021)[5]	1,074,089 (2021)[6]
Metropolitan City of Florence	Italy	45.934 (2021)[5]	998,431 (2021)[6]
Metropolitan City of Genoa	Italy	34.345 (2021)[5]	823,612 (2021)[6]
Metropolitan City of Messina	Italy	13.702 (2021)[5]	603,980 (2021)[6]
Metropolitan City of Palermo	Italy	28.834 (2021)[5]	1,208,819 (2021)[6]
Metropolitan City of Venice	Italy	31.306 (2021)[5]	843,545 (2021)[6]
Metropolitan Cork	Ireland	136.816 (2021)[5]	719,187 (2021)[6]
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	533.674 (2024)[13]	6,450,000 (2023)[16]
Michigan City-La Porte, IN MSA	United States	5.676096 (2023)[13]	111,706 (2023)[14]
Midland, MI MSA	United States	7.636137 (2023)[13]	84,039 (2023)[14]
Midland, TX MSA	United States	53.664570 (2023)[13]	182,324 (2023)[14]
Milan metropolitan area	Italy	270.171 (2021)[5]	4,339,269 (2021)[6]
Milton Keynes	United Kingdom	22.240 (2023)[9][10]	298,270 (2023)[9]
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	130.856689 (2023)[13]	1,560,424 (2023)[14]
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	350.710 (2023)[13]	3,712,020 (2023)[14]
Minsk	Belarus	19.913 (2023)[202][203]	2,050,000 (2023)[16]
Miskolc metropolitan area	Hungary	7.787 (2022)[5]	626,477 (2022)[6]
Missoula, MT MSA	United States	8.201713 (2023)[13]	126,939 (2023)[14]
Mobile, AL MSA	United States	29.553574 (2023)[13]	411,640 (2023)[14]
Modesto, CA MSA	United States	30.597632 (2023)[13]	551,430 (2023)[14]
Monaco	Monaco	6.816 (2020)[204]	39,150 (2021)[205]
Moncton	Canada	7.114 (2021)[7]	162,824 (2021)[8]
Monroe, LA MSA	United States	10.276428 (2023)[13]	221,885 (2023)[14]
Monroe, MI MSA	United States	7.956412 (2023)[13]	155,045 (2023)[14]
Monterrey	Mexico	140 (2015)[206]	5,324,281 (2020)[207]
Montevideo	Uruguay	53.9 (2022)[208]	1,870,000 (2022)[39]
Montgomery, AL MSA	United States	24.065840 (2023)[13]	385,480 (2023)[14]
Montpellier Méditerranée Métropole	France	45.4 (2021)[5]	1,203,899 (2021)[6]
Morgantown, WV MSA	United States	10.070965 (2023)[13]	141,817 (2023)[14]
Morristown, TN MSA	United States	7.387094 (2023)[13]	124,054 (2023)[14]
Moscow metropolitan area	Russia	504.808 (2022)[38]	17,400,000 (2022)[39]
Mount Vernon-Anacortes, WA MSA	United States	8.858346 (2023)[13]	131,417 (2023)[14]
Mulhouse Alsace Agglomération	France	27.137 (2021)[5]	767,736 (2021)[6]
Multan	Pakistan	12.000 (2022)[209]	2,225,000 (2022)[39]
Mumbai	India	368 (2024)[210]	27,100,000 (2024)[24]
Muncie, IN MSA	United States	5.333469 (2023)[13]	112,321 (2023)[14]
Munich Metropolitan Region	Germany	380.477 (2022)[48]	6,300,000 (2023)[48]
Münster (region)	Germany	30.813 (2021)[5]	537,115 (2021)[6]
Murcia metropolitan area	Spain	38.697 (2021)[5]	1,513,076 (2021)[6]
Muskegon, MI MSA	United States	8.004713 (2023)[13]	176,565 (2022)[14]
Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, SC-NC MSA	United States	27.945154 (2023)[13]	536,165 (2022)[14]
Nagoya	Japan	379.301 (2021)[38]	10,500,000 (2021)[22]
Nagpur	India	19 (2021–22)[211]	3,375,000 (2022)[39]
Nairobi	Kenya	30 (2023)[212]	6,550,000 (2023)[16]
Namur metropolitan area	Belgium	11.973 (2022)[5]	321,698 (2022)[6]
Nanaimo	Canada	4.631 (2021)[7]	117,935 (2021)[8]
Nanchang[174][175]	China	109.530 (2024)	6,619,300 (2024)
Nanjing[213]	China	259.781 (2024)	9,562,000 (2024)
Nanning	China	54.299 (2015)[214][215]	7,765,411 (2015)[216]
Nanping	China	29.104 (2020)[67][217]	2,680,645 (2020)[218]
Nantes	France	64.853 (2021)[5]	1,461,267 (2021)[6]
Napa, CA MSA	United States	14.227116 (2023)[13]	133,216 (2023)[14]
Naples metropolitan area	Italy	72.215 (2021)[5]	2,986,745 (2021)[6]
Naples-Marco Island, FL MSA	United States	31.526854 (2023)[13]	404,310 (2023)[14]
Nashville-Davidson—Murfreesboro—Franklin, TN (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	204.861124 (2023)[13]	2,102,573 (2023)[14]
National Capital Region (Delhi)	India	521.5 (2023)[219]	33,400,000 (2023)[16]
Neubrandenburg	Germany	9.386 (2021)[5]	258,057 (2021)[6]
New Bern, NC MSA	United States	7.196683 (2023)[13]	122,488 (2022)[220]
New Haven-Milford, CT MSA	United States	65.232142 (2023)[13]	869,527 (2022)[14]
New Orleans-Metairie, LA (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	102.436589 (2023)[13]	962,165 (2023)[14]
New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	2,608.149 (2024)[13]	19,617,869 (2022)[14]
Newcastle	Australia	11.554 (2018–19)[18]	492,805 (2018–19)[221]
Nicosia	Cyprus	29.251 (2022)[5]	904,705 (2022)[6]
Niigata	Japan	43.3 (2010)[222][182]	2,374,450 (2010)[223]
Niles, MI MSA	United States	9.484269 (2023)[13]	152,261 (2023)[14]
Ningde[224]	China	54.790 (2024)	3,162,000 (2024)
North Port-Sarasota-Bradenton, FL MSA	United States	56.607597 (2023)[13]	891,411 (2022)[14]
Northwest Metropolitan Region	Germany	123.046 (2022)[48]	2,800,000 (2023)[48]
Norwich-New London, CT MSA	United States	23.909840 (2023)[13]	268,681 (2022)[14]
Nottingham	United Kingdom	17.547 (2023)[9][10]	329,276 (2023)[9]
Nuremberg Metropolitan Region	Germany	175.859 (2022)[48]	3,611,000 (2022)[48]
Nyingchi	China	2.774 (2020)[67][225]	238,936 (2020)[226]
Ocala, FL MSA	United States	15.982712 (2023)[13]	409,959 (2023)[14]
Ocean City, NJ MSA	United States	7.772540 (2023)[13]	95,634 (2022)[14]
Odense	Denmark	24.15 (2022)[5]	501,782 (2022)[6]
Odessa, TX MSA	United States	15.658079 (2023)[13]	164,494 (2023)[14]
Offenburg	Germany	22.355 (2021)[5]	432,580 (2021)[6]
Ogden-Clearfield, UT MSA	United States	43.646961 (2023)[13]	713,839 (2022)[14]
Okayama	Japan	63.1 (2010)[139][182]	1,945,276 (2010)[227]
Oklahoma City, OK (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	100.054101 (2023)[13]	1,477,926 (2023)[14]
Olsztyn metropolitan area	Poland	8.47 (2021)[5]	573,199 (2021)[6]
Olympia-Lacey-Tumwater, WA MSA	United States	19.969972 (2023)[13]	299,003 (2023)[14]
Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA MSA	United States	92.356612 (2023)[13]	976,671 (2022)[14]
Opole	Poland	10.023 (2021)[5]	567,836 (2021)[6]
Orange	Australia	3.204 (2018–19)[18]	40,493 (2018)[114]
Ordos[228][42]	China	89.347 (2024)	2,230,400 (2024)
Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	217.038119 (2023)[13]	2,817,933 (2023)[14]
Orléans	France	27.275 (2021)[5]	684,609 (2021)[6]
Oshawa	Canada	11.851 (2021)[7]	434,673 (2021)[8]
Oshkosh-Neenah, WI MSA	United States	13.408456 (2023)[13]	171,735 (2023)[14]
Osnabrück	Germany	24.507 (2021)[5]	523,694 (2021)[6]
Ottawa–Gatineau	Canada	78.954 (2021)[7]	1,474,077 (2021)[8]
Owensboro, KY MSA	United States	7.142735 (2023)[13]	112,512 (2023)[14]
Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA MSA	United States	65.991334 (2023)[13]	829,590 (2023)[14]
Padang Metropolitan	Indonesia	6.213 (2021)[229]	1,441,760 (2021)[229]
Paderborn	Germany	14.071 (2021)[5]	308,335 (2021)[6]
Padua metropolitan area	Italy	39.575 (2021)[5]	932,629 (2021)[6]
Palembang Metropolitan	Indonesia	16.561 (2021)[230]	1,740,000 (2021)[22]
Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL MSA	United States	39.591386 (2023)[13]	643,979 (2023)[14]
Palma de Mallorca metropolitan area	Spain	28.808 (2021)[5]	948,004 (2021)[6]
Pamplona metropolitan area	Spain	24.268 (2021)[5]	519,091 (2021)[6]
Panama City, FL MSA	United States	12.731669 (2023)[13]	185,134 (2022)[14]
Panjin[231]	China	19.848 (2024)	1,379,460 (2024)
Panzhihua[232]	China	19.591 (2024)	1,220,500 (2024)
Paris (Metropolitan area)	France	930.808 (2024)[5]	13,171,056 (2023)[6]
Parkersburg-Vienna, WV MSA	United States	4.711556 (2023)[13]	88,052 (2023)[14]
Parma	Italy	22.51 (2021)[5]	449,628 (2021)[6]
Patna	India	31.2384 (2023)[233]	2,850,000 (2023)[16]
Pécs	Hungary	4.561 (2022)[5]	354,341 (2022)[6]
Pekanbaru Metropolitan	Indonesia	25.279 (2021)[234]	1,250,000 (2021)[22]
Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent, FL MSA	United States	29.977030 (2023)[13]	530,090 (2023)[14]
Peoria, IL MSA	United States	27.879142 (2023)[13]	362,240 (2023)[14]
Perpignan Méditerranée Métropole	France	14.49 (2021)[5]	483,558 (2021)[6]
Perth	Australia	111.056 (2018–19)[18]	2,087,086 (2018–19)[235]
Perugia metropolitan area	Italy	20.729 (2021)[5]	645,506 (2021)[6]
Peterborough	United Kingdom	10.905 (2023)[9][10]	219,509 (2023)[9]
Peterborough, Ontario	Canada	4.305 (2021)[7]	132,355 (2021)[8]
Pforzheim	Germany	14.229 (2021)[5]	325,768 (2021)[6]
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	557.601 (2024)[13]	6,246,160 (2023)[14]
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	398.129 (2024)[13]	5,070,110 (2023)[14]
Pine Bluff, AR MSA	United States	4.146574 (2023)[13]	84,629 (2022)[14]
Pittsburgh, PA (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	194.229253 (2023)[13]	2,422,725 (2023)[14]
Pittsfield, MA MSA	United States	8.955924 (2023)[13]	126,818 (2023)[14]
Ploiești	Romania	10.458 (2021)[5]	703,368 (2021)[6]
Plovdiv	Bulgaria	6.266 (2021)[5]	666,398 (2021)[6]
Plymouth	United Kingdom	10.178 (2023)[9][10]	268,736 (2023)[9]
Plzeň	Czech Republic	14.003 (2022)[5]	578,707 (2022)[6]
Pocatello, ID MSA	United States	4.569769 (2023)[13]	90,400 (2023)[14]
Port St. Lucie, FL MSA	United States	27.153067 (2023)[13]	536,901 (2023)[14]
Portland-South Portland, ME MSA	United States	48.037136 (2023)[13]	566,329 (2023)[14]
Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	218.894399 (2023)[13]	2,508,050 (2023)[14]
Porto Alegre	Brazil	45.506 (2011)[26]	4,405,769 (2022)[236]
Porto metropolitan area	Portugal	41.257 (2022)[5]	1,740,117 (2022)[6]
Portsmouth-SouthamptonMetropolitan area	United Kingdom	24.375 (2023)[9][10]	466,407 (2023)[9]
Poznań metropolitan area	Poland	33.828 (2021)[5]	1,241,984 (2021)[6]
Prague metropolitan area	Czech Republic	115.803 (2022)[5]	2,662,230 (2022)[6]
Prato	Italy	9.743 (2021)[5]	265,269 (2021)[6]
Prescott Valley–Prescott, AZ MSA	United States	6.111 (2017)[13]	249,081 (2023)[14]
Pretoria	South Africa	56.286 (2022)[62]	7,426,673 (2022)
Providence-Warwick, RI-MA (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	111.839552 (2023)[13]	1,677,803 (2023)[14]
Provo-Orem, UT MSA	United States	45.033143 (2023)[13]	715,001 (2022)[14]
Puebla	Mexico	31.102 (2019)[237]	3,903,485 (2020)[238]
Pueblo, CO MSA	United States	8.576776 (2023)[13]	169,422 (2023)[14]
Pune	India	69 (2016)[239][240][241]	9,429,408 (2011)[242]
Punta Gorda, FL MSA	United States	8.701074 (2023)[13]	206,134 (2023)[14]
Putian[243]	China	48.342 (2024)	3,185,500 (2024)
Qingdao[244]	China	234.768 (2024)	10,407,000 (2024)
Quanzhou[245]	China	183.873 (2024)	8,898,500 (2024)
Quebec City	Canada	42.044 (2021)[7]	836,615 (2021)[8]
Quito	Ecuador	33.900 (2023)[246]	2,875,000 (2023)[16]
Quzhou[247]	China	31.774 (2024)	2,298,000 (2024)
Racine, WI MSA	United States	10.914885 (2023)[13]	195,846 (2022)[14]
Radom County	Poland	7.487 (2021)[5]	574,281 (2021)[6]
Raleigh, NC (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	133.081325 (2023)[13]	1,509,231 (2023)[14]
Rapid City, SD MSA	United States	9.425612 (2023)[13]	155,974 (2023)[14]
Reading, PA MSA	United States	25.974930 (2023)[13]	432,821 (2023)[14]
Recife	Brazil	22.81 (2014)[248]	3,743,854 (2022)[249]
Red Deer, Alberta	Canada	4.625 (2021)[7]	105,604 (2021)[8]
Redding, CA MSA	United States	11.047068 (2023)[13]	180,366 (2023)[14]
Regensburg	Germany	27.946 (2021)[5]	469,935 (2021)[6]
Reggio Emilia metropolitan area	Italy	24.022 (2021)[5]	527,140 (2021)[6]
Regina, Saskatchewan	Canada	15.71 (2021)[7]	264,375 (2021)[8]
Rennes Métropole	France	47.189 (2021)[5]	1,098,420 (2021)[6]
Reno, NV MSA	United States	43.148385 (2023)[13]	564,782 (2023)[14]
Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region	Germany	316.017 (2022)[48]	5,800,000 (2023)[48]
Rhine-Neckar Metropolitan Region	Germany	117.201 (2022)[48]	2,458,595 (2023)[48]
Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Region	Germany	681.235 (2024)[250]	13,000,000 (2021)[22]
Richmond, VA (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	116.959541 (2023)[13]	1,349,732 (2023)[14]
Riga metropolitan area	Latvia	27.156 (2021)[5]	993,600 (2021)[6]
Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area	Brazil	195.095 (2021)[251]	13,300,000 (2021)[22]
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	256.859082 (2023)[13]	4,688,053 (2023)[14]
Riyadh	Saudi Arabia	243.793 (2022)[164]	8,800,000 (2022)[39]
Roanoke, VA MSA	United States	21.742564 (2023)[13]	314,314 (2023)[14]
Rochester, MN MSA	United States	17.948981 (2023)[13]	229,077 (2023)[14]
Rochester, NY MSA	United States	78.469076 (2023)[13]	1,052,087 (2023)[14]
Rockford, IL MSA	United States	19.712066 (2023)[13]	334,124 (2023)[14]
Rockhampton	Australia	5.342 (2018–19)[18]	78,592 (2018)[252]
Rocky Mount, NC MSA	United States	8.732690 (2023)[13]	145,383 (2023)[14]
Rome metropolitan area	Italy	193.326 (2021)[5]	4,231,451 (2021)[6]
Rome, GA MSA	United States	5.449843 (2023)[13]	100,113 (2023)[14]
Rostock	Germany	17.49 (2021)[5]	426,133 (2021)[6]
Rotterdam	Netherlands	112.578 (2021)[5]	1,834,417 (2021)[6]
Rzeszów	Poland	9.797 (2021)[5]	615,954 (2021)[6]
Saarbrücken	Germany	36.421 (2021)[5]	794,062 (2021)[6]
Sacramento—Roseville—Arden-Arcade, CA (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	189.624282 (2023)[13]	2,420,608 (2023)[14]
Saginaw, MI MSA	United States	10.801688 (2023)[13]	187,782 (2023)[14]
Saguenay, Quebec	Canada	8.114 (2021)[7]	163,630 (2021)[8]
Saint John, New Brunswick	Canada	5.44 (2021)[7]	132,761 (2021)[8]
Saint Petersburg	Russia	128.000 (2021)[253]	5,650,000 (2021)[22]
Saint-Étienne Métropole	France	26.794 (2021)[5]	766,473 (2021)[6]
Salem, OR MSA	United States	25.733543 (2023)[13]	436,546 (2023)[14]
Salinas, CA MSA	United States	36.861463 (2023)[13]	430,723 (2023)[14]
Salisbury, MD-DE MSA	United States	30.830418 (2023)[13]	439,032 (2022)[14]
Salt Lake City, UT (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	147.519150 (2023)[13]	1,266,191 (2022)[14]
Salvador	Brazil	17.98 (2016)[254][255]	3,600,000 (2020)[12]
Salzburg	Austria	26.129 (2021)[5]	371,032 (2021)[6]
San Angelo, TX MSA	United States	9.613209 (2023)[13]	120,606 (2023)[14]
San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	182.139043 (2023)[13]	2,703,999 (2023)[14]
San Diego-Carlsbad, CA (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	314.943175 (2023)[13]	3,269,973 (2023)[14]
San Francisco-Oakland-Berkeley, CA (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	1,201.695 (2024)[13]	6,512,728 (2022)[14]
San Juan	Puerto Rico	45.461 (2021)[256]	1,920,000 (2021)[22]
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	422.817456 (2023)[13]	1,945,767 (2023)[14]
San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles, CA MSA	United States	22.753294 (2023)[13]	281,639 (2023)[14]
San Marino	San Marino	2.047 (2025)[151]	34,000 (2025)[151]
Gipuzkoa	Spain	28.194 (2021)[5]	716,279 (2021)[6]
Sanmenxia	China	21.033 (2020)[67]	2,034,872 (2020)[257]
Sanming[258]	China	41.043 (2024)	2,424,000 (2024)
Santa Cruz de Tenerife metropolitan area	Spain	22.093 (2021)[5]	972,167 (2021)[6]
Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA MSA	United States	20.186709 (2023)[13]	261,547 (2023)[14]
Santa Fe, NM MSA	United States	9.278913 (2023)[13]	155,956 (2023)[14]
Santa Maria-Santa Barbara, CA MSA	United States	38.512465 (2023)[13]	441,257 (2023)[14]
Santa Rosa-Petaluma, CA MSA	United States	38.453328 (2023)[13]	481,812 (2023)[14]
Santander metropolitan area	Spain	16.584 (2021)[5]	583,655 (2021)[6]
Santiago Metropolitan Region	Chile	128.800 (2023)[259]	8,050,000 (2023)[16]
Santiago de Cali	Colombia	22.100 (2023)[201]	2,925,000 (2023)[16]
Santiago de los Caballeros	Dominican Republic	8.1 (2023)[260]	698,000 (2024)[261]
Santo Domingo	Dominican Republic	37.5 (2023)[260]	4,175,000 (2023)[16]
Santos	Brazil	28.609 (2011)[26]	1,556,718 (2010)[262]
São José dos Campos	Brazil	30.148 (2011)[26]	2,528,354 (2022)[263]
São José dos Pinhais	Brazil	14.726 (2011)[26]	329,058 (2022)[264]
Sapporo	Japan	84.7 (2010)[139][182]	1,913,545 (2010)[265]
Saskatoon	Canada	17.487 (2021)[7]	339,870 (2021)[8]
Savannah, GA MSA	United States	32.395522 (2023)[13]	424,935 (2023)[14]
Schweinfurt	Germany	13.794 (2021)[5]	272,140 (2021)[6]
Scranton–Wilkes-Barre, PA MSA	United States	34.511287 (2023)[13]	569,413 (2023)[14]
Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	566.742 (2024)[13]	4,044,837 (2023)[14]
Sebastian-Vero Beach, FL MSA	United States	10.207144 (2023)[13]	167,352 (2022)[14]
Sebring-Avon Park, FL MSA	United States	3.583095 (2023)[13]	105,618 (2022)[14]
Semarang Metropolitan	Indonesia	26.057 (2021)[266]	2,275,000 (2021)[22]
Sendai	Japan	50 (2015)[267]	1,082,159 (2015)[268]
Seoul Metropolitan Area	South Korea	1,006.400 (2024)[83]	24,900,000 (2023)[16]
Seville metropolitan area	Spain	48.086 (2021)[5]	1,960,919 (2021)[6]
Shanghai	China	757.217 (2024)[269]	24,838,550 (2024)[270]
Shantou	China	34.8 (2017)[271]	5,502,031 (2020)[272]
Shaoxing[273]	China	117.508 (2024)	5,411,500 (2024)
Sheboygan, WI MSA	United States	8.738603 (2023)[13]	117,752 (2023)[14]
Sheffield	United Kingdom	23.701 (2023)[9][10]	573,252 (2023)[9]
Shenyang[274]	China	126.755 (2024)	9,223,500 (2024)
Sherbrooke	Canada	8.261 (2021)[7]	227,448 (2021)[8]
Sherman-Denison, TX MSA	United States	7.289716 (2023)[13]	146,907 (2023)[14]
Shijiazhuang	China	81.252 (2018)[271]	11,235,086 (2020)[275]
Shizuishan	China	7.853 (2020)[67][276]	751,389 (2020)[277]
Shizuoka	Japan	45.8 (2010)[139][182]	3,765,007 (2010)[278]
Shreveport-Bossier City, LA MSA	United States	27.913122 (2022)[13]	384,943 (2022)[14]
Shuozhou	China	15.955 (2020)[67][279]	1,593,444 (2020)[280]
Siegen	Germany	17.665 (2021)[5]	404,578 (2021)[6]
Sierra Vista-Douglas, AZ MSA	United States	6.080882 (2023)[13]	124,640 (2023)[14]
Singapore	Singapore	564.774 (2025)[151]	6,077,000 (2025)[151]
Sioux City, IA-NE-SD MSA	United States	11.978474 (2023)[13]	144,402 (2023)[14]
Sioux Falls, SD MSA	United States	30.084975 (2023)[13]	289,592 (2022)[14]
Sofia metropolitan area	Bulgaria	39.335 (2021)[5]	1,667,314 (2021)[6]
Sorocaba	Brazil	21.313 (2011)[26]	779,704 (2010)[281]
South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI MSA	United States	20.547790 (2023)[13]	324,490 (2023)[14]
Spartanburg, SC MSA	United States	21.159577 (2023)[13]	383,327 (2023)[14]
Split, Croatia	Croatia	6.115 (2022)[5]	423,085 (2022)[6]
Spokane-Spokane Valley, WA MSA	United States	39.735793 (2023)[13]	600,292 (2023)[14]
Springfield, IL MSA	United States	14.899178 (2023)[13]	205,445 (2023)[14]
Springfield, MA MSA	United States	42.356150 (2023)[13]	460,291 (2023)[14]
Springfield, MO MSA	United States	28.577385 (2023)[13]	491,053 (2023)[14]
Springfield, OH MSA	United States	5.909466 (2023)[13]	134,610 (2023)[14]
St. Catharines–Niagara Falls	Canada	14.973 (2021)[7]	441,452 (2021)[8]
St. Cloud, MN MSA	United States	14.190740 (2023)[13]	202,577 (2023)[14]
St. George, UT MSA	United States	10.742891 (2022)[13]	197,730 (2022)[14]
St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador	Canada	10.995 (2021)[7]	214,267 (2021)[8]
St. Joseph, MO-KS MSA	United States	7.528526 (2023)[13]	118,475 (2023)[14]
St. Louis, MO-IL (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	226.548910 (2023)[13]	2,796,999 (2023)[14]
State College, PA MSA	United States	10.952214 (2023)[13]	157,795 (2023)[14]
Staunton, VA MSA	United States	6.760948 (2023)[13]	126,776 (2022)[14]
Stockholm metropolitan area	Sweden	202.56 (2021)[5]	2,391,990 (2021)[6]
Stockton, CA MSA	United States	42.836031 (2023)[13]	793,229 (2022)[14]
Stoke-on-Trent	United Kingdom	9.701 (2023)[9][10]	263,157 (2023)[9]
Strasbourg	France	48.99 (2021)[5]	1,150,899 (2021)[6]
Stuttgart Metropolitan Region	Germany	311.132 (2022)[48]	5,506,959 (2022)[48]
Sumter, SC MSA	United States	6.599335 (2023)[13]	104,165 (2023)[14]
Sunderland	United Kingdom	11.133 (2023)[9][10]	281,058 (2023)[9]
Sunshine Coast	Australia	13.813 (2018–19)[18]	333,436 (2018)[282]
Surabaya Metropolitan	Indonesia	88.821 (2021)[283]	6,150,000 (2021)[22]
Surat	India	59.8 (2017)[284]	6,600,000 (2020)[12]
Swansea	United Kingdom	9.084 (2023)[9][10]	246,742 (2023)[9]
Sydney	Australia	398.037 (2021)[38]	5,400,000 (2021)[22]
Syracuse, NY MSA	United States	51.191017 (2023)[13]	652,956 (2023)[14]
Szczecin metropolitan area	Poland	8.483 (2021)[5]	392,527 (2021)[6]
Székesfehérvár District	Hungary	7.904 (2022)[5]	418,555 (2022)[6]
Taichung	Taiwan	63.910 (2016)[152]	3,033,840 (2020)[285]
Tainan	Taiwan	37.038 (2016)[152]	1,875,076 (2020)[286]
Taipei–Keelung metropolitan area	Taiwan	407.838 (2021)[38]	9,150,000 (2021)[22]
Taiyuan[287]	China	76.090 (2024)	5,479,700 (2024)
Taizhou[288]	China	98.585 (2024)	4,490,500 (2024)
Taizhou, Zhejiang[289]	China	93.466 (2024)	6,720,500 (2024)
Tallahassee, FL MSA	United States	24.529748 (2023)[13]	392,645 (2023)[14]
Tallinn metropolitan area	Estonia	22.83 (2022)[5]	614,561 (2022)[6]
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	243.268344 (2023)[13]	3,342,963 (2023)[14]
Tampere	Finland	26.143 (2021)[5]	520,691 (2021)[6]
Tangshan[290]	China	140.471 (2024)	7,720,900 (2024)
Taoyuan	Taiwan	52.010 (2016)[152]	2,254,363 (2020)[153]
Taranto metropolitan area	Italy	13.59 (2021)[5]	561,958 (2021)[6]
Tarnów metropolitan area	Poland	5.098 (2021)[5]	429,276 (2021)[6]
Tbilisi	Georgia	14.131 (2023)[291]	1,400,000 (2023)[16]
Tel Aviv metropolitan area	Israel	310.00 (2022)[292][293]	4,156,900 (2022)[294]
Terre Haute, IN MSA	United States	10.300542 (2023)[13]	168,787 (2023)[14]
Texarkana, TX-AR MSA	United States	7.215096 (2023)[13]	145,907 (2023)[14]
The Hague	Netherlands	66.276 (2021)[5]	1,122,240 (2021)[6]
The Villages, FL MSA	United States	7.137460 (2023)[13]	144,970 (2022)[14]
Thessaloniki	Greece	18.926 (2021)[5]	1,096,665 (2021)[6]
Thunder Bay	Canada	5.805 (2021)[7]	125,070 (2021)[8]
Tilburg	Netherlands	24.617 (2021)[5]	493,004 (2021)[6]
Timișoara metropolitan area	Romania	13.184 (2021)[5]	705,500 (2021)[6]
Tokelau	Tokelau	0.009 (2015–16)[295]	1,499 (2016)[296]
Toledo, OH MSA	United States	49.254628 (2023)[13]	600,141 (2023)[14]
Tongling[citation needed]	China	18.612 (2024)	1,301,500 (2024)
Toowoomba	Australia	7.118 (2018–19)[18]	136,861 (2018)[252]
Topeka, KS MSA	United States	15.156457 (2023)[13]	232,322 (2023)[14]
Toulouse Métropole	France	69.818 (2021)[5]	1,434,439 (2021)[6]
Tours Métropole Val de Loire	France	23.164 (2021)[5]	612,237 (2021)[6]
Townsville	Australia	9.075 (2018–19)[18]	180,820 (2018)[297]
Trinational Eurodistrict of Basel	Switzerland	76.782 (2021)[5]	716,546 (2021)[6]
Trenton-Princeton, NJ MSA	United States	53.002639 (2023)[13]	381,671 (2023)[14]
Trois-Rivières	Canada	6.119 (2021)[7]	165,037 (2021)[8]
Trondheim Region	Norway	30.919 (2021)[5]	471,124 (2021)[6]
Trujillo	Peru	5.7 (2023)[30]	1,034,300 (2023)[31]
Tucson, AZ MSA	United States	62.169929 (2023)[13]	1,063,162 (2023)[14]
Tulsa, OK MSA	United States	67.510846 (2023)[13]	1,044,757 (2023)[14]
Turin metropolitan area	Italy	89.713 (2021)[5]	2,219,206 (2021)[6]
Turku metropolitan area	Finland	23.664 (2021)[5]	481,403 (2021)[6]
Tuscaloosa, AL MSA	United States	14.767427 (2023)[13]	278,290 (2023)[14]
Twin Falls, Idaho	United States	5.878 (2021)[13]	116,645 (2021)[298]
Tyler, TX MSA	United States	15.683898 (2023)[13]	245,209 (2023)[14]
Tyneside[note 2]	United Kingdom	35.206 (2023)[9][10]	872,154 (2023)[9]
Uberlandia	Brazil	14.728 (2011)[26]	604,013 (2010)[299]
Ulm	Germany	28.437 (2021)[5]	500,432 (2021)[6]
Uppsala	Sweden	22.566 (2021)[5]	388,394 (2021)[6]
Urban Honolulu, HI MSA	United States	81.675550 (2023)[13]	989,408 (2023)[14]
Ürümqi[300]	China	58.532 (2024)	4,084,800 (2024)
Utica-Rome, NY MSA	United States	16.282294 (2023)[13]	287,039 (2023)[14]
Utrecht	Netherlands	98.493 (2021)[5]	1,361,153 (2021)[6]
Valdosta, GA MSA	United States	7.679252 (2023)[13]	151,118 (2023)[14]
Valencia metropolitan area	Spain	72.631 (2021)[5]	2,574,888 (2021)[6]
Valladolid	Spain	16.906 (2021)[5]	519,091 (2021)[6]
Vallejo, CA MSA	United States	37.156243 (2023)[13]	449,218 (2023)[14]
Valletta	Malta	17.603 (2022)[5]	486,087 (2022)[6]
Varna, Bulgaria	Bulgaria	5.096 (2021)[5]	470,124 (2021)[6]
Burgas Province	Bulgaria	3.914 (2021)[5]	409,750 (2021)[6]
Verona metropolitan area	Italy	38.437 (2021)[5]	927,810 (2021)[6]
Victoria, British Columbia	Canada	19.428 (2021)[7]	413,859 (2021)[8]
Victoria, TX MSA	United States	6.323208 (2023)[13]	98,808 (2023)[14]
Vienna	Austria	165.969 (2021)[5]	2,890,577 (2021)[6]
Vigo metropolitan area	Spain	26.005 (2021)[5]	943,430 (2021)[6]
Vilnius urban area	Lithuania	30.915 (2022)[301][203]	868,341 (2022)[302]
Vineland-Bridgeton, NJ MSA	United States	8.208721 (2023)[13]	151,356 (2022)[14]
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	127.459149 (2023)[13]	1,660,000 (2023)[16]
Visalia, CA MSA	United States	24.256732 (2022)[13]	477,884 (2022)[14]
Vishakhapatnam	India	43.5 (2017)[284]	2,200,000 (2020)[12]
Vitória	Brazil	28.357 (2011)[26]	1,857,616 (2022)[303]
Vitoria-Gasteiz	Spain	15.304 (2021)[5]	329,758 (2021)[6]
Waco, TX MSA	United States	18.135219 (2023)[13]	304,865 (2023)[14]
Wagga Wagga	Australia	4.392 (2018–19)[18]	56,442 (2018)[114]
Walla Walla, WA MSA	United States	4.362362 (2023)[13]	61,568 (2023)[14]
Warner Robins, GA MSA	United States	10.549159 (2023)[13]	200,779 (2023)[14]
Warsaw metropolitan area	Poland	117.972 (2021)[53]	3,242,890 (2021)[6]
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	714.685 (2024)[13]	6,304,975 (2023)[14]
Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA MSA	United States	12.521946 (2023)[13]	168,162 (2023)[14]
Watertown-Fort Drum, NY MSA	United States	8.037177 (2023)[13]	114,787 (2023)[14]
Wausau-Weston, WI MSA	United States	12.711703 (2023)[13]	166,334 (2022)[14]
Weihai[304]	China	52.356 (2024)	2,914,100 (2024)
Weirton-Steubenville, WV-OH MSA	United States	7.568043 (2023)[13]	113,544 (2023)[14]
Wellington	New Zealand	26.607 (2022)[305]	440,900 (2022)[56]
Wenatchee, WA MSA	United States	9.343442 (2023)[13]	124,118 (2022)[14]
Wenzhou[306]	China	136.467 (2024)	9,806,500 (2024)
Wetzlar	Germany	10.746 (2021)[5]	253,373 (2021)[6]
Wheeling, WV-OH MSA	United States	12.658006 (2023)[13]	135,517 (2023)[14]
Wichita Falls, TX MSA	United States	8.256094 (2023)[13]	149,947 (2023)[14]
Wichita, KS MSA	United States	46.468045 (2023)[13]	652,939 (2023)[14]
Williamsport, PA MSA	United States	7.486729 (2023)[13]	112,724 (2023)[14]
Wilmington, NC MSA	United States	21.996036 (2023)[13]	467,337 (2023)[14]
Winchester, VA-WV MSA	United States	9.988848 (2023)[13]	147,260 (2023)[14]
Windsor, Ontario	Canada	14.421 (2021)[7]	351,213 (2021)[8]
Winnipeg Metropolitan Region	Canada	38.71 (2021)[7]	858,848 (2021)[8]
Winston-Salem, NC MSA	United States	44.750605 (2023)[13]	695,630 (2023)[14]
Wollongong	Australia	5.624 (2018–19)[18]	300,332 (2018–19)[307]
Worcester, MA-CT MSA	United States	64.135380 (2023)[13]	980,137 (2022)[14]
Wrocław metropolitan area	Poland	19.608 (2021)[5]	670,219 (2021)[6]
Wuhai[308][42]	China	8.363 (2024)	556,750 (2024)
Wuhan[309]	China	296.365 (2024)	13,791,550 (2024)
Wuhu[citation needed]	China	71.900 (2024)	3,776,500 (2024)
Würzburg	Germany	26.245 (2021)[5]	507,323 (2021)[6]
Wuxi[310]	China	228.362 (2024)	7,500,000 (2024)
Xi'an[311]	China	187.003 (2024)	13,122,900 (2024)
Xiamen[312]	China	120.603 (2024)	5,338,500 (2024)
Xiangtan[313]	China	41.522 (2024)	2,696,500 (2024)
Xiangyang[314]	China	85.688 (2024)	5,279,100 (2024)
Xilingol[315]	China	17.355 (2024)	1,114,500 (2024)
Xinyu	China	14.517 (2020)[67][174]	1,202,499 (2020)[175]
Xuchang	China	50.008 (2020)[67]	4,379,998 (2020)[257]
Xuzhou[316]	China	133.916 (2024)	9,015,000 (2024)
Yakima, WA MSA	United States	13.357488 (2023)[13]	256,643 (2023)[14]
Yan'an[317]	China	33.466 (2024)	2,254,650 (2024)
Yancheng[318]	China	109.232 (2024)	6,680,000 (2024)
Yangzhou[319]	China	109.660 (2024)	4,585,900 (2024)
Yantai[320]	China	151.408 (2024)	7,033,700 (2024)
Yerevan	Armenia	5.23 (2018)[321]	1,500,000 (2020)[12]
Yichang[322]	China	86.933 (2024)	3,925,250 (2024)
Yingtan[175][174]	China	19.438 (2024)	1,148,350 (2024)
York	United Kingdom	11.543 (2023)[9][10]	206,780 (2023)[9]
York-Hanover, PA MSA	United States	27.867147 (2023)[13]	464,640 (2023)[14]
Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA MSA	United States	26.178157 (2023)[13]	535,499 (2022)[14]
Yuba City, CA MSA	United States	9.225272 (2023)[13]	183,670 (2023)[14]
Yueyang[323]	China	72.001 (2024)	4,989,450 (2024)
Yulin[citation needed]	China	105.995 (2024)	3,607,300 (2024)
Yuma, AZ MSA	United States	9.883 (2022)[13]	208,874 (2022)[14]
Yuxi[324]	China	36.257 (2024)	2,265,500 (2024)
Zagreb metropolitan area	Croatia	30.307 (2022)[5]	1,187,450 (2022)[6]
Zaragoza metropolitan area	Spain	32.994 (2021)[5]	976,473 (2021)[6]
Zhangzhou[325]	China	85.144 (2024)	5,069,500 (2024)
Zhengzhou[326]	China	204.054 (2024)	13,047,000 (2024)
Zhenjiang[327]	China	77.791 (2024)	3,227,000 (2024)
Zhuhai[328]	China	62.893 (2024)	2,506,300 (2024)
Zhoushan[329]	China	31.260 (2024)	1,174,500 (2024)
Zhuzhou[330]	China	54.797 (2024)	3,844,900 (2024)
Zibo[331]	China	68.580 (2024)	4,655,350 (2024)
Zurich Metropolitan Area	Switzerland	216.392 (2021)[5]	2,123,236 (2021)[6]
Zwolle	Netherlands	20.455 (2021)[5]	377,292 (2021)[6]