| Chief Minister of Kerala | |
|---|---|
| Kēraḷa Mukhyamantri | |
 | |
 | |
| Chief Minister's Office Kerala Council of Ministers Executive branch of the Kerala Government | |
| Style | The Honourable(Formal) Mr./Mrs. Chief Minister(Informal) |
| Type | Head of government |
| Abbreviation | CM |
| Member of | |
| Reports to | |
| Residence | Cliff House,Thiruvananthapuram |
| Seat | Kerala Government Secretariat,Thiruvananthapuram |
| Nominator | Members of the Kerala Legislative Assembly |
| Appointer | Governor of Kerala byconvention, based on appointee's ability tocommand confidence in theNiyama Sabha |
| Term length | At the pleasure of the governor of Kerala[1]
|
| Constituting instrument | Article 164 of theConstitution of India |
| Precursor | Prime minister ofTravancore Prime minister ofKingdom of Cochin Chief Minister ofMadras Chief ministers ofTravancore-Cochin |
| Formation | 5 April 1957; 68 years ago (1957-04-05) |
| First holder | E. M. S. Namboodiripad(1957–1959) |
| Deputy | Vacant |
| Salary |
|
| Website | keralacm |
TheChief Minister of Kerala is thehead of government of the Indian state ofKerala. As per theConstitution of India, thestate's governor is the state'sde jure head, and thede facto executive authority rests with thechief minister. Following elections to theKerala Legislative Assembly, the governor usually invites the party (or coalition) with a majority of seats to form the government. The governor appoints the chief minister, whosecouncil of ministers arecollectively responsible to the assembly. Given that he has the confidence of the assembly, the chief minister's term is for five years and is subject to noterm limits.[2] Usually, the chief minister also serves as leader of the house in the legislative assembly.[3]
Following India's independence from theBritish Raj in 1947, the states' monarchs ofTravancore (Thiruvithāmkōr) andCochin (Kochi) instituted a measure ofrepresentative government, headed by a prime minister and his council of ministers. On 1 July 1949, Travancore and Cochin were merged to formTravancore-Cochin state. TheMalabar andKasaragod region ofSouth Canara, which together constitute more than half of present state of Kerala, had their representatives in theMadras Legislative Assembly. On 1 November 1956, theStates Reorganisation Act redrew India's map along linguistic lines, and the present-day state of Kerala was born, consisting ofMalayalam-speaking regions, by merging the Malabar, and Kasaragod districts with Travancore-Cochin.[4]
The firstassembly election in Kerala was held in February–March 1957, and the firstKerala Legislative Assembly was formed on 5 April 1957. The assembly had 127 members including a nominated member.[4]E. M. S. Namboodiripad of theCommunist Party of India, was the first chief minister, and his tenure was cut short by the imposition ofPresident's rule. Since then, 12 people have served as the chief minister of Kerala.E. K. Nayanar held the office for 10 years and 353 days, and is the longest serving holder of the office.Karunakaran was sworn-in as the chief minister four times.A. K. Antony was the youngest to hold the office at age of 36 years, andV. S. Achuthanandan was the oldest to be sworn in at the age of 82 years. The state has come underPresident's rule seven times, with the last of them occurring in 1982. Since the 1980s, the office of the chief minister has generally alternated between the leaders of theIndian National Congress and of theCommunist Party of India (Marxist).
Pinarayi Vijayan is theincumbent chief minister since 25 May 2016, and is the first chief minister from Kerala to be re-elected after completing a full term of 5 years.
| No[a] | Portrait | Name | Term of Office | Assembly | Appointed by (Monarch) | Party | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  | Pattom A. Thanu Pillai | 24 March 1948 | 17 October 1948 | 210 days | Representative Body (1948–49) | Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma | Indian National Congress | |
| 2 | Paravoor T. K. Narayana Pillai | 22 October 1948 | 1 July 1949 | 253 days | |||||
| No[b] | Portrait | Name | Term of Office | Assembly | Appointed by (Monarch) | Party | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  | P. Govinda Menon | 14 August 1947 | 22 October 1947 | 51 days | 6th Council (1945–48) | Aikya Keralam Thampuran | Independent | |
| 2 | T. K. Nair | 27 October 1947 | 20 September 1948 | 334 days | |||||
| 3 |  | E. Ikkanda Warrier | 20 September 1948 | 1 July 1949 | 284 days | Legislative Assembly (1948–49) | |||
| No[c] | Portrait | Name | Term of Office | Assembly | Appointed by | Party | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Paravoor T. K. Narayana Pillai | 1 July 1949 | 26 January 1950 | 209 days | 1st | Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma | Indian National Congress | ||
After India'sindependence in 1947,Travancore andCochin were merged to formTravancore-Cochin on 1 July 1949. On 1 January 1950, Travancore-Cochin was recognised as a state.
| No[d] | Portrait | Name | Term of Office | Assembly | Appointed by | Party | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Paravoor T. K. Narayana Pillai | 26 January 1950 | 28 February 1951 | 1 year, 33 days | 1st | Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma | Indian National Congress | ||
| 2 |  | C. Kesavan | 28 February 1951 | 12 March 1952 | 1 year, 13 days | ||||
| 3 | A. J. John | 12 March 1952 | 16 March 1954 | 2 years, 4 days | 2nd (1951 election) | ||||
| 4 | | Pattom A. Thanu Pillai | 16 March 1954 | 10 February 1955 | 331 days | 3rd (1954 election) | Praja Socialist Party | ||
| 5 | P. Govinda Menon | 10 February 1955 | 23 March 1956 | 1 year, 42 days | Indian National Congress | ||||
| – |  | Vacant[e] (President's rule) | 23 March 1956 | 31 October 1956 | 222 days | Dissolved | N/A | ||
On 1 November 1956,Government of India enacted theStates Reorganisation Act, 1956 by which a new Kerala state was formed by the merger of Travancore-Cochin state with theMalabar district andKasaragod taluk ofSouth Canara district of theMadras State. The southern part of Travancore-Cochin,Kanyakumari district, along withSengottai Taluk was transferred to Madras state and theLaccadive andMinicoy Islands were separated from Malabar district to form a new Union Territory.[6][7] A new Legislative Assembly was also created, for which elections were held in 1957.
| No. | Name | Party | Length of term | No: of terms | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Longest continuous term | Total years of premiership | |||||
| 1 | E. K. Nayanar | CPI(M) | 4 years, 361 days | 10 years, 353 days | 3 | |
| 2 | Pinarayi Vijayan | CPI(M) | 9 years, 263 days | 9 years, 263 days | 2 | |
| 3 | K. Karunakaran | INC | 4 years, 305 days | 8 years, 315 days | 4 | |
| 4 | C. Achutha Menon | CPI | 6 years, 172 days | 7 years, 80 days | 2 | |
| 5 | Oommen Chandy | INC | 5 years, 6 days | 6 years, 256 days | 2 | |
| 6 | A. K. Antony | INC | 3 years, 105 days | 5 years, 347 days | 3 | |
| 7 | V. S. Achuthanandan | CPI(M) | 4 years, 364 days | 4 years, 364 days | 1 | |
| 8 | E. M. S. Namboodiripad | CPI(M)/CPI | 2 years 240 days | 4 years 357 days | 2 | |
| 9 | Pattom A. Thanu Pillai | PSP | 2 years 216 days | 2 years 216 days | 1 | |
| 10 | R. Sankar | INC | 1 year 350 days | 1 year 350 days | 1 | |
| 11 | P. K. Vasudevan Nair | CPI | 347 days | 347 days | 1 | |
| 12 | C. H. Mohammed Koya | IUML | 53 days | 53 days | 1 | |
| No. | Political party | Number of chief ministers | Total days of holding CMO |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Communist Party of India (Marxist) | 4 | 10355 days |
| 2 | Indian National Congress | 4 | 8813 days |
| 3 | Communist Party of India | 3 | 3834 days |
| 4 | Praja Socialist Party | 1 | 947 days |
| 5 | Indian Union Muslim League | 1 | 53 days |
Although the text talks about Indian state governments in general, it applies for the specific case of Kerala as well.
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