The largest of all indian's railway bridges is theChenab Bridge, located on theJammu–Baramulla line that connects theJammu region and theKashmir Valley, which turned out to be the most expensive line of Indian's railway network. The Chenab Bridge was the highest arch bridge in the world when opening in 2022 with a deck 322 m (1,056 ft) above theChenab River, it's still the highest railway bridge on earth nowadays.[41][42]
Extradosed bridges have experienced remarkable growth in India since the 2010s with a large number of multi-span bridges built on rivers such as theGanges, which has significant widths in certain places. Their advantages are as follows:
They allow longer spans than conventionalbeam bridges and therefore a reduced number offoundations.
The thickness of the deck is considerably reduced (the Arrah–Chhapra bridge deck is 3.4 m (11 ft) thick), thereby minimizing the amount of concrete.
They can be made up ofprecast segments even for medium spans and then be erected much more quickly and easily than the typical in-situ concrete construction.
A more elegant aesthetic appearance than conventional beam bridges.[43]
The first major extradosed bridge built in India is theSecond Vivekananda Bridge betweenHowrah andKolkata. It has 8 pylons and a suspended length of 880 m (2,890 ft), which was among the longest in its category at the time. Additionally it had one of the largest numbers of spans at the time. Another main feature of the bridge is its 29 m (95 ft) width with 6 road lanes for a single plane axial suspension.[44]
TheArrah–Chhapra Bridge held the record for the longest total extradosed span length in the world when it was inaugurated in 2017, with 16 pylons and 1,920 m (6,300 ft), surpassing the well-knownTwinkle Ibigawa Bridge [ja] inJapan.[43] This record will be largely beaten by the newKacchi Dargah–Bidupur Bridge under construction with 66 pylons and an extradose length of 9,750 m (31,990 ft).[45]
TheRajendra Setu was the first rail-cum-road bridge in independent India on the riverGanga, one of the major rivers in the country.
This table presents the structures with spans greater than 120 metres (390 ft) (non-exhaustive list).
^According to the statement of residents/users involved in the maintenance the bridge, it is estimated to be 200 years old.[1]
^This bridge is qualified as the oldest railway bridge in the world because it was built in 1735, before the very first railway lines, but the tracks were only installed in 1899 and the trains circulated on the bridge from 1092 to 2007.[21]
^TheYuanjiang Railway Bridge inChina, completed in 2022, has the highest railway bridge pier in the world with 154 ft (47 m) from foundation to cap.[38]
^abcdeThe length given only takes into account the main bridge, central span(s) and shore span(s), approach viaducts are not counted.
^The given span arrangement is always the cantilevered arrangement, i.e. 420, 360 and 420 feet (130, 110 and 130 m) spans with a 120 feet (37 m) part between the two piers in the Hooghly River.[101][102] The clear span arrangement is then (165 m).
^Bogibeel Bridge is the longest rail-cum-road bridge in India, measuring 4.942 kilometres (3.071 mi) over the Brahmaputra river.[127] This length only takes into account the main truss bridge with the common road and rail part, the overall length of the road part including north and south approach viaducts is 6.610 kilometres (4.107 mi).[128]
^Due to structural failures, the bridge initially built as a balanced cantilever rigid frame had to be rebuilt. Box girders have been fully removed and a truss structure was installed in its place in 2022.[144]
^"Morena - Bridge, Noorabad".Archaeology.mp.gov.in - Directorate of Archaeology, Archives and Museums - Government of Madhya Pradesh. RetrievedDecember 14, 2022.
^Ghoshal, Amitabha (August 2020). "Howrah Bridge: icon of a 330-year-old city in India – part I: history, planning and design".Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering History and Heritage. Vol. 173. Thomas Telford Ltd. pp. 117–128.doi:10.1680/jenhh.19.00017.ISSN1757-9430.S2CID203540649.{{cite book}}:|website= ignored (help)
^Chatterjee, A.K.; Dharap, V.M. (1999). "Problems of construction of caisson foundations of the Second Hooghly Bridge (Vidyasagar Setu) at Calcutta and their solutions".IABSE Colloquium (New Delhi): Foundations for major bridges: design and construction. Vol. 80. pp. 385–389.doi:10.5169/seals-60783.{{cite book}}:|website= ignored (help)
^abNaithani, P.K."Facilities for cut-off areas"(PDF). International Conference on Hydropower and dams development for water and Energy security – Environmental and socio economic aspects of Tehri Dam. pp. 44–46. RetrievedDecember 20, 2022.
^Calatozzo, Erica; Montens, Serge; Muls, Mathieu; Touat, Arezki; Vollery, Jean-Charles (October 2017)."Le Pont de Chambal au Rajasthan" [The Chambal Bridge in Rajasthan](PDF).Revue Travaux (in French). Vol. 936. pp. 68–75.ISSN0041-1906.{{cite book}}:|website= ignored (help)
^Schlaich, Mike (March 2018). "The Yamuna Bridge in New Delhi, India".Bruggen(PDF). Vol. 1. pp. 4–9. RetrievedDecember 29, 2022.{{cite book}}:|website= ignored (help)
^Chakrabarti, S.P.; Saha, G.P.; Sharma, R.S. (March 1992). "Foundations for deep scour: Ganga bridge at Varanasi".IABSE fourteenth congress (New Delhi). pp. 449–454.doi:10.5169/seals-13860.ISBN3-85748-075-0.{{cite book}}:|website= ignored (help)
Prade, Marcel (1990). "L'Inde".Les Grands Ponts du Monde : Ponts Remarquables Hors d'Europe [The Great Bridges of the World: Remarkable Bridges Outside Europe]. Art et patrimoine (in French). Poitiers: Brissaud. p. 233.ISBN2-902170-68-8.
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