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List of blockchains

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This list isincomplete; you can help byadding missing items.(July 2022)
This is adynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help byadding missing items withreliable sources.

This is a list ofblockchains - decentralized, cryptographic databases - and otherdistributed ledgers.

List

NameDate createdCreated byNative cryptocurrencyConsensus algorithmProgrammable?Private?[Note 1]Permissioned?[Note 1]FinalityLedger stateNotesRefs.
BitcoinJanuary 3, 2009Satoshi Nakamoto

BTC

PoW with Nakamoto ConsensusYes (scripts)NoNoProbabilisticUTXOFirst and most well-known blockchain of all; BTC is the most valuable token in terms of market share.[1][2]
LitecoinOct 8, 2011Charlie LeeLTCPoWYes (scripts)Yes[1][3]
PeercoinAug 19, 2012PPCPoWYes (scripts)No[1][4]
PrimecoinJul 7, 2013Sunny KingXPMPoWWork is finding longCunningham chains ofprime numbers
MazaCoin2014?Payu Harris, AnonymousPirate[5]MAZAInitially created for theOglala Lakota Tribe,[5] but never quite used for that purpose
Namecoin?NMCAllows users to register names; precursor toNFTs
EthereumJul 30, 2015Ethereum Foundation

(founded byVitalik Buterin and others)

ETH

ETH 1.0 -PoW with Nakamoto consensus, ETH 2.0 -PoS with supermajorityYesNoNoETH 1.0 Probabilistic, ETH 2.0 EconomicAccount-balanceETH is the second most valuable token in terms of market share; switched toPoS (the “merge”) on September 15, 2022; progenitor of Ethereum Classic[1][6]
Arbitrum?Offchain LabsETHOptimistic rollupYesEVM-compatible Layer-2 on Ethereum[7]
BaseJune 15, 2023CoinbaseETHOptimistic rollupYesEVM-compatible Layer-2 on Ethereum[8]
Optimism?Optimism PBCETHOptimistic rollupYesEVM-compatible Layer-2 on Ethereum[7][8]
StarkNet?StarkWareSTRKZK-rollupYesLayer-2 on Ethereum[9]
Polygon zkEVM?Polygon TechnologyETHZK-rollupYeszkEVM-compatible Layer-2 on Ethereum
Ethereum ClassicJul 20, 2016ETCPoWYesNoNoSplit from Ethereum due toThe DAO hack earlier that month[1]
Bitcoin CashAug 1, 2017BCHPoW[10]split from Bitcoin
CardanoSep 27, 2017Charles Hoskinson and Jeremy WoodADADPoSYesNoNoProbabilisticUTXO[1][11][12]
TRONJun 24, 2018TRONDPoSYesNo[1][13]
TezosJun 30, 2018Arthur and Kathleen BreitmanXTZPoSYesNo[1][14]
Bitcoin SVNov 2018BSVPoWYes (scripts)Nosplit from Bitcoin Cash, itself split from Bitcoin[1]
Lightning Network[relevant?]2018n/a?Layer-2 on Bitcoin
XinFinJune 1, 2019XinFin Fintech, XDC FoundationXDCXDPOSYesNoNoimmediateXDC Network is an layer 1 EVM compatible, environmental friendly, near zero transaction cost with high speed settlement blockchain platform.
AlgorandJun 10, 2019Silvio Micali and othersALGOPoSYesNoNoImmediateUses averifiable random function to choose random validators for consensus[15]
$PCSep 16, 2019$PCPoSYes (scripts)NoNo$PC future well-known blockchain[16]
SolanaMarch 16, 2020Anatoly Yakovenko and Raj GokalSOLPoS with Proof of History (PoH)YesNoNoImmediateAccount-balance[17]
OasisJune 18, 2020Oasis Labs,Oasis Protocol FoundationROSEPoSYes (in ParaTimes)NoNoImmediateAccount-balanceParaTimes can useTEE forconfidential computing[18][19]
PolkadotMay 26, 2020Parity TechnologiesDOTStarted withPoA then moved toPoSYes (in parachains)NoNoHybridAccount-balance[20][21]
AvalancheSeptember 10, 2020Emin Gün Sirer, Maofan "Ted" Yin andKevin SekniqiAVAXPoSYes (in C-Chain)NoNoImmediateUTXO[22]
MobileCoinDec 6, 2020MobileCoin Inc. (founded by Josh Goldbard and Shane Glynn)MOB
Internet Computer?DFINITY Foundation (founded by Dominic WIlliams)ICPComputation is very cheap; can host websites
DESOJan 18, 2021Nader al-Naji (aka diamondhands) and othersDESO (formerly BTCLT, CLOUT)social media; flagship appBitClout; name acquired in Sep 2021[23]
Terra Classic?Do Kwon and othersLUNC (formerly LUNA), USTFormerly Terra until May 2022; ecosystem collapsed in May 2022 (UST depegged to near-zero and LUNA also went to near-zero)
Terra 2.0May 28, 2022LUNANew blockchain created following the collapse of Terra.[24]
StellarApr 6, 2016XLMBFT??Yes?[4]
EOS.IOJul 1, 2017?EOSDPoSYesNo??[4]
LBRY?LBC
RippleJune 2012Ripple LabsXRPBFTNoNoNoImmediateAccount-balanceBlockchain is known as XRP Ledger. Smart contract capabilities are being added.[25][26][27]
Stacks?STX
VertcoinJan 8, 2014VTC
Hedera Hashgraph?HBARYesNoYesAccount-balanceUses adirected acyclic graph instead of a chainper se
ZcashOct 28, 2016[4]ZECPoWYesuseszero-knowledge proofs for privacy
MoneroApr 18, 2014XMRPoWNoYes[1][4]
Bitcoin GoldBTGPoWYes (scripts)No[1]
DogecoinDOGEPoWNoNo[1]
Hyperledger Fabric?Linux FoundationN/ABFT,PoAYesYesYesImmediateAccount-balance
R3 Corda?R3N/APoA (by notaries)YesYesYesImmediateUTXO
Polygon PoS??MATICPoSYesNoNoImmediateAccount-balancenetwork anchored toEthereum[8]
Binance Smart Chain?BinanceBNBPoS andPoAYesNoYesImmediate?Binance Smart Chain is now merged with Binance chain and called BNB chain. Validators on BNB chain are chosen by BNB Beacon chain validators who are permissioned. Hence, BNB chain is considered permissioned.[28]
QuorumNov 22, 2016?EtherPoA with supermajority votingYesYesYesImmediateAccount-balanceEnterprise version of Ethereum[29]
IOTAJul 11, 2016IOTA FoundationMIOTAPoW/TaPoW[clarification needed]NoNoYesImmediateUTXOSmart contract capabilities are being added.[1][30][31]
NanoOctober 4, 2015Colin LeMahieuXNOOpen Representative VotingNoNoNoInstant (less than1 second) with deterministic finalityAccount-balance
NEAR24 Sep, 2020NEAR FoundationNEARStarted withPoA then moved toPoSYesNoNoFinalityAccount-balance[32]
AptosOct 12, 2022Aptos LabsAPTBFTYesNoNoFinality?Ledger state?[33]
LineaJanuary 2024ConsenSysETHZK-rollupYes?zkEVM-compatible Layer-2 on Ethereum
BerachainBerachain FoundationProof of Liquidity[34]
  1. ^abDefined as per ISO 22739:2020 - Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies standard (seehttps://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:22739:ed-1:v1:en):
    • Public - blockchain/DLT system which is accessible to the public for use.
    • Private - blockchain/DLT that is accessible for use only to a limited group of DLT users.
    • Permissioned - requiring authorization to perform a particular activity or activities.
    • Permissionless - not requiring authorization to perform any particular activity.

See also

References

  1. ^abcdefghijklm"List of blockchains by consensus, smart contracts and privacy".DLT-Repo. December 27, 2020. RetrievedJuly 28, 2022.
  2. ^"Block: 0 | Blockchain Explorer".www.blockchain.com. RetrievedJuly 5, 2022.
  3. ^"Litecoin (LTC) Block: #1".litecoinblockexplorer.net. RetrievedJuly 5, 2022.
  4. ^abcdeBamakana, S.M. Hosseini; Motavalia, Amirhossein; Bondarti, A. Babaei (April 13, 2020). "A survey of blockchain consensus algorithms performance evaluation criteria".Expert Systems with Applications.154 (113385): 113385.doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2020.113385.S2CID 218814732.
  5. ^abConsunji, Bianca (September 18, 2014)."One Man's Lonely Quest to Build 'Bitcoin for Native Americans'".Mashable. RetrievedJuly 28, 2022.
  6. ^"On Settlement Finality".Ethereum Foundation Blog. RetrievedJanuary 18, 2023.
  7. ^abColl Aumatell, Roger (July 7, 2021).Analysis and Development of Blockchain Rollups (Master's Thesis). Barcelona, Spain:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. RetrievedMarch 18, 2024.
  8. ^abc"USDC to be available on 15 blockchains after adding 6—including Base, Optimism, and Polygon PoS—over next 2 months".Fortune. RetrievedFebruary 28, 2024.
  9. ^Meir Orbach (March 10, 2022)."StarkWare set to hit $6 billion valuation in new funding round".ctech. RetrievedJanuary 7, 2023.
  10. ^Larson, Selena (August 1, 2017)."Bitcoin split in two, here's what that means".CNNMoney. RetrievedJuly 28, 2022.
  11. ^"CardanoGenesisBlock NFT".cardanogenesisblock.com. RetrievedJuly 5, 2022.
  12. ^"Epoch | Cardano Explorer".explorer.cardano.org. RetrievedJuly 5, 2022.
  13. ^"TRONSCAN | TRON BlockChain Explorer | 波场区块链浏览器".TRON. RetrievedJuly 5, 2022.
  14. ^"Tezos Genesis Block".www.objkt.com. RetrievedJuly 5, 2022.
  15. ^"Algorand Block #".algoexplorer.io. RetrievedJuly 5, 2022.
  16. ^"Explorer | $PC".lowgas.io. RetrievedSeptember 16, 2016.
  17. ^"Explorer | Solana".explorer.solana.com. RetrievedJuly 5, 2022.
  18. ^OasisProtocol [@OasisProtocol] (June 18, 2020)."🚀🚀🚀 The #AmberNetwork, a fully decentralized release candidate for Oasis Mainnet is LIVE! And it took less than 10 minutes to launch!" (Tweet) – viaTwitter.
  19. ^"OASIS SCAN | Oasis Blockchain Explorer".oasisscan.com. RetrievedOctober 22, 2024.
  20. ^Polkadot [@polkadot] (May 26, 2021)."The network's genesis block was produced 1 year ago today" (Tweet) – viaTwitter.
  21. ^"Polkadot / Block / 1".blockchair.com. RetrievedJuly 5, 2022.
  22. ^"P Chain | Block details \ AVAX Explorer \ AVASCAN".avascan.info. RetrievedOctober 22, 2024.
  23. ^"Bitclout blockchain explorer | Cloutangel".explorer.cloutangel.com. Archived fromthe original on December 4, 2021. RetrievedJuly 5, 2022.
  24. ^Terra 🌍 Powered by LUNA 🌕 [@terra_money] (May 28, 2022)."1/ Block 1 of the brand new Terra blockchain (with a chain_id of "Phoenix-1") has officially been produced at 06:00 AM UTC on May 28th, 2022!" (Tweet) – viaTwitter.
  25. ^"Consensus".XRP Ledger. RetrievedJanuary 16, 2023.
  26. ^"Consensus Protections Against Attacks and Failure Modes".XRP Ledger. RetrievedJanuary 16, 2023.
  27. ^"XRPL's Origin".XRP Ledger. RetrievedJanuary 16, 2023.
  28. ^"Consensus Engine".BNB Chain Documentation. RetrievedJanuary 16, 2023.
  29. ^"Configure QBFT consensus".IOTA Wiki. RetrievedJanuary 16, 2023.
  30. ^"The Coordinator".ConsenSys. September 27, 2022. RetrievedJanuary 16, 2023.
  31. ^@iota (June 24, 2016)."Launch date of IOTA is set to July 11" (Tweet) – viaTwitter.
  32. ^"NEAR MainNet is now Community-Operated".NEAR. September 24, 2020. RetrievedJanuary 25, 2023.
  33. ^"Aptos Tokenomics Overview".Aptos Foundation. RetrievedJanuary 16, 2023.
  34. ^"Berachain Core Docs".Berachain Core Docs. RetrievedOctober 14, 2024.

General refs

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