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List of areas depopulated due to climate change

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Impacted settlements resulting in climate migration
This article containsdynamic lists that may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help byediting the page to add missing items, with references toreliable sources.
Satellite imaging of Gardi Sugdub, in Panama, a tiny island in the Caribbean Sea and a part of the San Blas archipelago, home to 1,200 indigenous Guna people, which the imaging shows that they will soon be displaced to the mainland because of the sea level rise induced by climate change.
Satellite imaging ofCartí Sugtupu,Panama in 2022, showingrising sea levels submerging the island and forcing hundreds ofindigenousGuna people to relocate.

This article lists several areas, regions, and municipalities that have either been completely or markedly depopulated, or are involved in plans for depopulation orrelocation due toanthropogenic climate change. Several factors created or worsened by climate change can be responsible for necessitatingmanaged retreat or the relocation of people and/or infrastructure. These includerising sea levels,increased flooding risk, changes to the makeup of the land (e.g. a habitable area becoming awetland),coastal erosion, increased susceptibility to dangerouscyclones,droughts,water shortages,wildfires, and other factors, all of which can overlap with each other to enhance the risk of danger or inhabitability of a formerly populated region.

The lists contain a general number of the number of people moved or at risk of being moved due to climate change-related causes, as well as rough dates for when programs to relocate were first created or for when aclimate disaster first caused significant forcible displacement of a population.

Lists

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Completely depopulated

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AreaLocationNumber impactedReasons for/details of depopulationDate(s) startedReferences
Biloxi-Chitimacha-Choctaw community ofIsle de Jean Charles, LouisianaLouisiana,United States~100Saltwater intrusion and sea level rise, "the first migration of a total community in the state ofLouisiana"2016[1][2]
Cartí SugtupuSan Blas Archipelago in theGuna Yalaprovince ofPanama927In the process of complete relocation due torising sea levels. The first island in Panama to be displaced due to climate change.2015[3][4][5][6][7][8]
A neighborhood ofŽeljezno PoljeŽepče,Bosnia and Herzegovina2,000+Catastrophic flooding during the2014 Balkan floods caused complete destruction and depopulation of a section ofŽeljezno Polje, resulting in a "ghost neighborhood".2014[9][10]
VunidogoloaVanua Levu,Fiji140Original location became the first town in Fiji to be depopulated and relocated due to persistent flooding, saltwater intrusion, andcoastal erosion, becoming aghost town.2004[11][12][13]
TukurakiViti Levu, FijiSusceptibility tolandslides and flooding fromcyclones.2017[11][13]
NabavatuVanua Levu, FijiNearly 400Devastated byCyclone Ana, depopulated due to its proximity to the coast and susceptibility to flooding andstorm surge.2021[11][14]
Sea Breeze, New JerseyCumberland County, New Jersey, United States19Increased flooding risk resulting in property owners collectively agreeing to sell their properties to theNew Jersey Department of Environmental Protection.2008[15]

Significantly impacted

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AreaLocationNumber impactedReasons for/details of depopulationDate(s) startedReferences
Lake Chad BasinChad,Niger,Nigeria, andCameroon30,000,000Droughts,floods, and the lake's contraction due to climate change, secondarily intensifying regional conflicts.[16][17][18][19]
Sudd regionSouth Sudan1,000,000Significant flooding increases and lack of drainage leading to permanent conversion of settlements and agricultural land intowetlands.2017[20][21][22]
SundarbansKhulna Division,Bangladesh andWest Bengal,IndiaUp to 70,000Rising sea levels2020[23]
Satabhaya, OdishaKendrapara district ofOdisha, India650 familiesRising sea levels andcoastal erosion, requiring state relocation toBagapatia.2016[24]
Minqin CountyGansu Province,China10,000Water shortages2007
XihaiguNingxia, ChinaHundreds of thousandsWater shortages1983[25]
Paradise, CaliforniaSierra Nevada region of theUnited States20,000+Camp Fire, exacerbated bydrought2018[26][27]
KivalinaNorthwest Arctic,Alaska, United States444Sea level rise, flooding, sea wave erosion, and bank erosion impacting localwater quality, resulting in a planned relocation 12 km (7.5 mi) from the present site.2007[28][29][30]
NewtokBethel, Alaska, United States209Erosion due to meltingpermafrost and increasing flooding risk, requiring movement toMertarvik.2019[31][32]
ShaktoolikNome, Alaska, United States212Increasing flooding risk and erosion2009[33][34]
ShishmarefNome, Alaska, United States576Increasing flooding risk from rising sea levels, erosion, and permafrost melting.1987[35][36][37]
Quinault Indian Nation villages ofTaholah andQueetsWashington'sOlympic Peninsula, United States660Susceptibility to flooding and landslides due to rising sea levels, resulting in planned relocation to higher ground.2014[38][39][40]
Domaljevac-ŠamacPosavina, Bosnia and Herzegovina1,000+Repeated flooding; considered the first permanent climate migration inEurope along with other areas impacted by the2014 Balkan floods2014[10]
KopanicePosavina, Bosnia and Herzegovina280Repeated flooding, 15-20% of population permanently left after the 2014 Balkan floods2014[10]
OrašjePosavina, Bosnia and Herzegovina19,861Repeated flooding, about 50% of the working age population left the city after the 2014 Balkan floods2014[10]
Cotul MoriiHîncești District,Moldova440 familiesOrdered by thefederal government to be relocated 15 km away from its original location due to significant flooding. Officially abandoned by state decree, although 60 families returned despite there being no running electricity or water.2010[41]
FairbourneWales,United Kingdom400 homesRising sea levels and erosion, planned managed retreat to completely abandoned by 2055.2010[42][43]
Saint-LouisSenegal254,171Sea level rise and susceptibility to flooding and storm surge, where up to 80% of its area could be flooded by 2080.[44]
La Push, WashingtonUnited States371Rising sea levels leading to greater susceptibility to flooding andtsunamis, resulting in the community moving the buildings in the village to higher ground.2017[45][46]
Money Island, New JerseyCumberland County, New Jersey20+Sea level rise andHurricane Sandy, resulting in state buyback of properties to convert intowildlife sanctuaries.2012[47]
Oakwood BeachOakwood, New JerseySusceptibility to sea level rise and flooding due to low elevation, resulting in state property buyback programs following significant damage during Hurricane Sandy.2012[48][49][50]
NuatambuSolomon Islands34 familiesSevere erosion and rising sea levels submerging half of its settlements.2011[51]
TuvaluOceania11,000Sea level rise, resulting in resettlement plans and agreements withAustralia to enableclimate-related mobility for its citizens2023[52][53][54][55]
West AucklandAuckland,New Zealand319,566Rising sea levels leading to extensive flooding, resulting in relocation and government property buybacks.2023[56][57][58][59]
WestportWest Coast, New Zealand4,250Rising sea levels leading to extensive flooding, resulting in relocation and government property buybacks.2023[56][57][58][59]
South DunedinDunedin, New Zealand2,500Rising sea levels leading to extensive flooding, resulting in relocation and government property buybacks.2023[56][57][58][59]
SouthshoreChristchurch, New Zealand1,041Rising sea levels leading to extensive flooding, resulting in relocation and government property buybacks.2023[56][57][58][59]
PetoneLower Hutt, New Zealand8,330Rising sea levels leading to extensive flooding, resulting in relocation and government property buybacks.2023[56][57][58][59]
WhakatāneBay of Plenty Region, New Zealand16,850Rising sea levels leading to extensive flooding, resulting in relocation and government property buybacks for certain regions of the town.2023[56][57][58][59]
WhanganuiManawatū-Whanganui, New Zealand48,900Rising sea levels leading to extensive flooding, resulting in relocation and government property buybacks for certain regions of the city.2023[56][57][58][59]
WhangāreiNorthland, New Zealand56,900Rising sea levels leading to extensive flooding, resulting in relocation and government property buybacks for certain regions of the city.2023[56][57][58][59]
Esk ValleyHawke Bay, New Zealand236 householdsRising sea levels leading to extensive flooding, resulting in relocation and government property buybacks followingCyclone Gabrielle.2023[59][60][61]
Ebro DeltaProvince of Tarragona,Catalonia,Spain50,000Rising sea levels triggering managed retreat plans for areas closest to the sea.2009[62][63][64]
HoldernessEast Riding of Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom11,993Highest rate ofcoastal erosion in Europe due to its soft soil and rising sea levels.[65][66]
HunstantonNorfolk, England, United Kingdom4,229Severecoastal erosion due to rising sea levels, requiring managed retreat.1996[67][68]
Wells-next-the-SeaNorfolk, England, United Kingdom2,165Severecoastal erosion due to rising sea levels, requiring managed retreat.1996[67][69]
BlakeneyNorfolk, England, United Kingdom801Severecoastal erosion due to rising sea levels, requiring managed retreat.1996[67][70]
SheringhamNorfolk, England, United Kingdom7,367Severecoastal erosion due to rising sea levels, requiring managed retreat.1996[67][71]
CromerNorfolk, England, United Kingdom7,683Severecoastal erosion due to rising sea levels, requiring managed retreat.1996[67][72]
MundesleyNorfolk, England, United Kingdom2,758Severecoastal erosion due to rising sea levels, requiring managed retreat.1996[67][73]

Gallery

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Pictures of regions depopulated or susceptible to depopulation due to climate change-related factors

See also

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References

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  1. ^Guillot, Craig. "The Resettlement of Isle De Jean Charles."Planning 82.8 (2016): 21.Academic Search Complete. Web. 21 February 2017.
  2. ^Davenport, Coral; Robertson, Campbell (3 May 2016)."Resettling the First American 'Climate Refugees'".New York Times, Late Edition (East Coast). New York, N.Y. p. A.1.Archived from the original on 24 November 2021. Retrieved3 December 2021.Louisiana officials have been coping with some of the fastest rates of land loss in the world — an area the size of Delaware has disappeared from south Louisiana since the 1930s.
  3. ^McCleland, Jacob (12 November 2015)."Rising Sea Levels Threaten Tiny Islands Home To Indigenous Panamanians".NPR.Archived from the original on 13 October 2018.
  4. ^"The island people with a climate change escape plan". BBC News. 21 September 2017. Retrieved21 September 2017.
  5. ^"Panama's first climate change displaced bid their island farewell".France 24. 29 May 2024. Retrieved31 May 2024.
  6. ^"As seas rise, the relocation of Caribbean islanders has begun".The Economist. 2024-06-04.
  7. ^Rodriguez, Kelybeth (4 June 2024)."Mudanza de Isla Gardí Sugdub a Nuevo Cartí avanza con éxito".RPC Radio (in Spanish). Corporación Medcom Panamá.
  8. ^Rodríguez, Juan José."'Life goes on'—Panama islanders relocated as sea level rises".phys.org. Retrieved2024-06-10.
  9. ^"Alarmantna situacija u Željeznom Polju, počela evakuacija i sela Biljevina - Klix.ba". 2017-01-13. Archived fromthe original on 2017-01-13. Retrieved2024-09-24.
  10. ^abcd"How climate change triggered a second exodus in Bosnia and Herzegovina".euronews. January 4, 2022.
  11. ^abcLyons, Kate (2022-11-08)."How to move a country: Fiji's radical plan to escape rising sea levels".The Guardian.ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved2024-09-24.
  12. ^McMichael, Celia; Powell, Teresia; Ramatu, Sailosi (27 June 2019)."Rising seas and relocation in Fiji".Asia & The Pacific Policy Society. Retrieved19 March 2021.
  13. ^abGovernment of the Republic of Fiji (2012).Republic of Fiji National Climate Change Policy(PDF) (Report). Secretariat of the Pacific Community. pp. 4, 7.
  14. ^Sabūnas, Audrius; Mori, Nobuhito; Shimura, Tomoya; Fukui, Nobuki; Miyashita, Takuya (8 April 2022)."Estimating Compounding Storm Surge and Sea Level Rise Effects and Bias Correction Impact when Projecting Future Impact on Volcanic Islands in Oceania. Case Study of Viti Levu, Fiji".Frontiers in Built Environment.8 796471.doi:10.3389/fbuil.2022.796471.
  15. ^"Town's property owners want state to buy them out". Archived fromthe original on December 4, 2008. RetrievedNovember 29, 2008.
  16. ^"Report: Climate Change Fueling Conflict in Lake Chad Basin".Voice of America. 2023-01-19. Retrieved2023-11-12.
  17. ^Adamo, S.; de Sherbinin, A. ( 2011)The impact of climate change on the spatial distribution of populations and migrationArchived 20 December 2019 at theWayback Machine In: Population Distribution, Urbanization, Internal Migration and Development: An International Perspective (Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, United Nations, New York)
  18. ^Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index. 2023.Country Index Technical Report.https://gain.nd.edu/our-work/country-index/. Assessed October 18, 2023.
  19. ^Centre, UNESCO World Heritage."Lake Chad Cultural Landscape (Nigeria)".UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved2023-07-12.
  20. ^Centre, UNESCO World Heritage."Sudd wetland".UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved2024-09-24.
  21. ^Stephens, Liz; Levi, Jacob."South Sudan floods: The first example of a mass population permanently displaced by climate change?".phys.org. Retrieved2024-09-24.
  22. ^"South Sudan: Floods - Sep 2017 | ReliefWeb".reliefweb.int. 2018-11-28. Retrieved2024-09-24.
  23. ^"Inside Sundarbans: Wildlife and climate displacements haunt partition refugees".The Economic Times. August 24, 2018.
  24. ^Patel, Amrita; Das, Shouvik; Hazra, Sugata; Hans, Asha (2019)."Encountering Gendered Spaces in Climate Change Policy in India: Migration and Adaptation".Journal of Migration Affairs.2: 1.doi:10.36931/jma.2019.2.1.1-24.S2CID 219258427.
  25. ^Ning, Kang (February 8, 2017)."In China's Ningxia province, water shortage is so severe that the government is relocating people".Scroll.in.
  26. ^"Climate Migration: California fire pushes family to Vermont".AP NEWS. 2022-08-04. Retrieved2023-01-09.
  27. ^"Explore Census Data".data.census.gov. RetrievedDecember 6, 2022.
  28. ^Brubaker, M., Berner, J., Bell, J. N., & Warren, J. (2011).Climate Change in Kivalina Alaska.pdf (p. 70) [Funded by United States Indian Health Service Cooperative Agreement No. AN 08-X59]. ANTHC.https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/sites/default/files/public/php/26952/Climate%20Change%20HIA%20Report_Kivalina.pdf
  29. ^"Kivalina Evacuation and School Site Access Road, Transportation & Public Facilities".dot.alaska.gov. RetrievedOctober 21, 2020.
  30. ^Alaska Native Villages: Limited Progress Has Been Made on Relocating Villages Threatened by Flooding and Erosion (Report). U. S. Government Accountability Office. June 3, 2009. GAO-09-551.
  31. ^Yardley, William (May 27, 2007)."Victim of Climate Change, a Town Seeks a Lifeline".The New York Times.
  32. ^Ki, Greg (October 22, 2019)."After 20 Year Wait, Newtok Residents Leave Home To Pioneer Mertarvik".KYUK.Bethel Broadcasting, Incorporated. RetrievedOctober 1, 2020.
  33. ^Mittal, Anu (June 2009)."Alaska Native Villages: Limited Progress Has Been Made on Relocating Villages Threatened by Flooding and Erosion"(PDF) (Press release). Washington, DC. U.S. Government Accountability Office.Archived(PDF) from the original on 8 July 2019. Retrieved16 November 2019.
  34. ^""State makes erosion in villages a priority"". Archived fromthe original on July 18, 2008.
  35. ^"Sea engulfing Alaskan village".BBC News. July 30, 2004. RetrievedMarch 27, 2010.
  36. ^Field Notes from a Catastrophe: Man, Nature, and Climate Change, 2006,ISBN 978-1-59691-130-7
  37. ^"Human and Economic Indicators - Village of Shishmaref, North Alaska".NOAA. Archived fromthe original on November 15, 2004. RetrievedJune 19, 2023.
  38. ^US EPA, OP (2016-04-15)."Quinault Indian Nation Plans for Relocation".United States Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved2023-01-09.
  39. ^Helmer, Jodi (30 March 2020)."As the Ocean Encroaches, this Washington State Tribe Is Building Its Next Chapter".NRDC. Retrieved2023-01-09.
  40. ^"Facing Rising Waters, A Native Tribe Takes Its Plea To Paris Climate Talks".NPR.org. Retrieved2023-01-09.
  41. ^Martinez, Marta Rodriguez (2023-01-18)."Ghost town: The Moldovans who refused to be climate migrants".euronews. Retrieved2023-01-19.
  42. ^Thomas, Rhidian (11 February 2014)."Sea level threat to force retreat of communities in Wales".BBC News. Retrieved11 February 2014.
  43. ^Wall, Tom (18 May 2019)."'This is a wake-up call': the villagers who could be Britain's first climate refugees".The Guardian.Archived from the original on 18 May 2019.
  44. ^"The "Venice of Africa" is sinking into the sea".The Economist. 2024-06-24.ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved2024-08-10.
  45. ^Ollikainen, Rob (2017-11-05)."Quileute Tribe gaining ground on facilities' move to higher elevation".Peninsula Daily News. Retrieved2019-12-01.
  46. ^Banse, Tom (November 10, 2017)."Coastal Village Moving To Higher Ground To Escape Tsunami, Flooding Threat".KUOW. KUOW Puget Sound Public Radio. RetrievedNovember 13, 2017.
  47. ^"Neighbors at odds over buy-outs in bayshore villages in Cumberland County, N.J."WHYY. Retrieved2024-09-24.
  48. ^"Staten Island homeowners offered buyouts to abandon homes hit by Sandy".New York Daily News. 2013-05-05. Retrieved2015-10-18.
  49. ^"NY Rising Buyout and Acquisition Programs".Governor's Office of Storm Recovery. New York State. Archived fromthe original on April 2, 2014. RetrievedApril 2, 2014.
  50. ^Hersher, Rebecca (August 15, 2018)."Wisconsin Reservation Offers A Climate Success Story And A Warning".NPR.org. Retrieved2019-12-01.
  51. ^"Uneasy waters".www.uq.edu.au. Retrieved2024-09-24.
  52. ^"Australia-Tuvalu Falepili Union treaty". Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Retrieved12 November 2023.
  53. ^"Joint Statement on the Falepili Union between Tuvalu and Australia". Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. 10 November 2023. Retrieved13 November 2023.
  54. ^Patel, Samir S. (2006)."Climate science: A sinking feeling".Nature.440 (7085):734–6.Bibcode:2006Natur.440..734P.doi:10.1038/440734a.PMID 16598226.S2CID 1174790.
  55. ^Daniel Hurst; Josh Butler (10 November 2023)."Australia to offer residency to Tuvalu citizens displaced by climate change".The Guardian. Retrieved25 November 2023.
  56. ^abcdefghPlummer, Benjamin; Franks, Raphael (24 February 2023)."Managed retreat: West Auckland residents call for voluntary buyouts after repeat flooding".The New Zealand Herald. Archived fromthe original on 28 February 2023. Retrieved2 March 2023.
  57. ^abcdefgh"Prof Jonathan Boston: how to manage managed retreat".Radio New Zealand. 25 February 2023. Archived fromthe original on 28 February 2023. Retrieved2 March 2023.
  58. ^abcdefghMorton, Jamie (26 February 2023)."Explained: What is 'managed retreat' and how may it be used in NZ?".The New Zealand Herald.Archived from the original on 28 February 2023. Retrieved2 March 2023.
  59. ^abcdefghi"Totals by topic for individuals, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses".explore.data.stats.govt.nz. Retrieved2024-09-24.
  60. ^Sharpe, Marty (2023-06-01)."Cyclone Gabrielle buyout plan: Esk Valley locals want more answers".Stuff. Retrieved2023-06-07.
  61. ^Sharpe, Marty; Witton, Bridie (2023-06-01)."Hundreds of homeowners to get voluntary buyout offers for cyclone-hit properties".Stuff. Retrieved2023-06-07.
  62. ^"Meet a wetland: The Ebro River Delta, Cataluña (Spain) | MedWet".medwet.org. 2019-01-09. Retrieved2024-09-24.
  63. ^MMA 2005, Sitges, Meeting on Coastal Engineering;EUROSION project
  64. ^"Habitat restoration and integrated management in the Ebro delta to improve biodiversity protection and climate resilience".climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu. Retrieved2024-09-24.
  65. ^Young, Angus (1 August 2019)."'Only option left for some living on crumbling coast is to move'".HullLive. Retrieved10 March 2021.
  66. ^"Coastal management case study: Holderness coastline - Coastal management - AQA - GCSE Geography Revision - AQA".BBC Bitesize. Retrieved10 March 2021.
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  70. ^Office for National Statistics & Norfolk County Council (2001).Census population and household counts for unparished urban areas and all parishes. Retrieved 2 December 2005.
  71. ^Ordnance Survey (2002).OS Explorer Map 252 - Norfolk Coast East.ISBN 0-319-21888-0.
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  73. ^"Parish population 2011". Retrieved1 September 2015.
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