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List of ancient peoples of Anatolia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about all ancient peoples who have inhabited Anatolia. For the specific ancient Indo-European group of peoples, seeAnatolian peoples.

Not to be confused withList of ancient Anatolian peoples, which focuses on the individual groups of the aforementioned Indo-European Anatolian peoples.

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History ofTurkey

Turkey in Asia Minor and Transcaucasia, 1921

Prehistory

Prehistory of Anatolia

Palaeolithic Anatolia	c. 500,000– 10,000 BC
Mesolithic Anatolia	c. 11,000– 9,000 BC
Neolithic Anatolia	c. 8,000– 5,500 BC

Bronze Age

Troy	3000–700 BC
Hattians	2500–2000 BC
Akkadian Empire	2400–2150 BC
Luwians	2300–1400 BC
Assyria	1950–1750 BC
Kussara	1780–1680 BC
Achaeans (Homer)	1700–1300 BC
Kizzuwatna	1650–1450 BC
Hittites	1680–1220 BC
Arzawa	1500–1320 BC
Mitanni	1500–1300 BC
Hayasa-Azzi	1500–1290 BC
Lycia	1450–350 BC
Assuwa	1300–1250 BC
Diauehi	1200–800 BC
Neo-Hittites	1200–800 BC
Phrygia	1200–700 BC
Caria	1150–547 BC
Tuwanuwa	1000–700 BC
Ionia	1000–545 BC
Urartu	859–595/585 BC

Iron Age

Diauehi	1200–800 BC
Neo-Hittites	1200–800 BC
Phrygia	1200–700 BC
Caria	1150–547 BC
Doris	1100–560 BC
Aeolis	1000–560 BC
Tuwanuwa	1000–700 BC
Ionia	1000–545 BC
Urartu	859–595/585 BC
Median Empire	678–549 BC
Lydia	685–547 BC

Classical Age

Achaemenid Empire	559–331 BC
Kingdom of Alexander the Great	334–301 BC
Kingdom of Cappadocia	322–130 BC
Antigonids	306–168 BC
Seleucid Empire	305–64 BC
Ptolemaic Kingdom	305–30 BC
Kingdom of Pontus	302–64 BC
Bithynia	297–74 BC
Attalid kingdom	282–129 BC
Galatia	281–64 BC
Parthian Empire	247 BC–224 AD
Armenian Empire	190 BC–428 AD
Roman Republic	133–27 BC
Commagene	163 BC–72 AD
Ancient Rome	133 BC-27 BC–330 AD
Sasanian Empire	224–651 AD (briefly in Anatolia)

Medieval Age

Medieval Anatolia

Eastern Roman Empire	(330–1453; 1204-1261 in exile asEmpire of Nicaea)
Rashidun Caliphate	(637–656)
Great Seljuk State	(1037–1194)
Danishmends	(1071–1178)
Sultanate of Rum	(1077–1307)
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia	(1078–1375)
Anatolian beyliks	(1081–1423)
County of Edessa	(1098–1150)
Artuqids	(1101–1409)
Empire of Trebizond	(1204–1461)
Latin Empire	(1204–1261)
Karamanids	(1250–1487)
Ilkhanate	(1256–1335)
Kara Koyunlu	(1375–1468)
Ak Koyunlu	(1378–1501)

Ottoman Era

Periods of Ottoman Empire

Rise	(1299–1453)
Classical Age	(1453–1566)
Transformation	(1566–1703)
Old Regime	(1703–1789)
Decline and modernization	(1789–1908)
Defeat and dissolution	(1908–1922)

Republic of Turkey

Periods of Turkey

War of Independence	(1919–1922)
Provisional government	(1920–1923)
One-party period	(1923–1930) (1930–1945)
Multi-party period	(1945–present)

By topic

Timeline

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Preclassical Age regions ofAnatolia/Asia Minor with main settlements.

Regions ofAsia Minor/Anatolia, c. 500 BC. AegeanGreek settlements italicised

This is a list of peoples who inhabitedAnatolia inantiquity. The essential purpose of the list is to identifyprehistoric cultures in the region but many of the peoples continued to inhabit Anatolia into and throughclassical andlate antiquity, so the actual scope of the list encompasses thehistory of Anatolia from prehistory to theEastern Roman Empire (4th to 7th centuries AD), during which transition to theearly medieval occurred.

Anatolia was inhabited by numerous peoples and its history is characterised bydifferent waves of population movement. The earliest recorded inhabitants of Anatolia were theHattians andHurrians, non-Indo-European peoples who lived in Anatolia as early asc. 2300 BC. Indo-European Hittites came to Anatolia and gradually absorbed the Hattians and Hurriansc. 2000 – c. 1700 BC. Besides Hittites,Anatolian peoples includedLuwians,Palaic peoples andLydians. They spokeAnatolian languages. Other incoming people includeArmenians,Greeks,Phrygians andThracians^{[citation needed]}.

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Anatolian peoples (Anatolian Indo-European)

Possible Indo-European peoples

Possible Kartvelian peoples

See also

References

Further reading