This is alist of U.S. states and territories by historical population, as enumerated every decade by theUnited States Census. As required by theUnited States Constitution, a census has been conducted every 10 years since 1790. Although the decennial census collects a variety of information that has been used in demographic studies, marketing, and other enterprises, the purpose of the census as stated in the Constitution is to produce an "actual enumeration" of the number of persons in the states in order to calculate theirCongressional apportionment.

As the United States has grown in area and population, new states have been formed out of U.S. territories or the division of existing states.The population figures provided here reflect modern state boundaries. Shaded areas of the tables indicate census years when a territory or the part of another state had not yet been admitted as a new state.^[a] Since 1920, the "total population" of the United States has been considered the population of all the States and the District of Columbia; territories and other possessions were counted as additional population.^[b] As of 2021^[update], five U.S. territories (American Samoa,Guam, theNorthern Mariana Islands,Puerto Rico and theU.S. Virgin Islands), along with theU.S. Minor Outlying Islands, are not included in the count of total U.S. population.

Total population counts for the Censuses of 1790 through 1860 include both free and enslaved persons. Native Americans were not identified in the Census of 1790 through 1840 and only sporadically from 1850 until 1890, if they lived outside of Indian Territory or off reservations. Beginning with the 1900 census, Native Americans were fully enumerated along with the general population.^[c]

Name	Admitted[d]	1790	1800	1810	1820	1830	1840	1850	1860
Alabama	1819		1,250	9,046	127,901	309,527	590,756	771,623	964,201
Alaska	1959
American Samoa	1900
Arizona	1912
Arkansas	1836			1,062	14,273	30,388	97,574	209,897	435,450
California	1850							92,597	379,994
Colorado	1876								34,277
Connecticut	1788	237,946	251,002	262,042	275,202	297,675	309,978	370,792	460,147
Delaware	1787	59,096	64,273	72,674	72,749	76,748	78,085	91,532	112,216
District of Columbia[e]	1790		8,144	15,471	23,336	30,261	33,745	51,687	75,080
Florida	1845					34,730	54,477	87,445	140,424
Georgia	1788	82,548	162,686	251,407	340,989	516,823	691,392	906,185	1,057,286
Guam	1899
Hawaii	1959
Idaho	1890
Illinois	1818		2,458	12,282	55,211	157,445	476,183	851,470	1,711,951
Indiana	1816		2,632	24,520	147,178	343,031	685,866	988,416	1,350,428
Iowa	1846						43,112	192,214	674,913
Kansas	1861								107,206
Kentucky	1792	73,677	220,959	406,511	564,317	687,917	779,828	982,405	1,155,684
Louisiana[f]	1812			76,556	153,407	215,739	352,411	517,762	708,002
Maine[g]	1820	96,540	151,719	228,705	298,335	399,455	501,793	583,169	628,279
Maryland[h]	1788	319,728	341,548	380,546	407,350	447,040	470,019	583,034	687,049
Massachusetts	1788	378,787	422,845	472,040	523,287	610,408	737,699	994,514	1,231,066
Michigan	1837		3,757	4,762	7,452	28,004	212,267	397,654	749,113
Minnesota	1858							6,077	172,023
Mississippi	1817		7,600	31,306	75,448	136,621	375,651	606,526	791,305
Missouri	1821			19,783	66,586	140,455	383,702	682,044	1,182,012
Montana	1889
Nebraska	1867								28,841
Nevada	1864								6,857
New Hampshire	1788	141,885	183,858	214,360	244,161	269,328	284,574	317,976	326,073
New Jersey	1787	184,139	211,149	245,555	277,575	320,823	373,306	489,555	672,035
New Mexico	1912							61,547	93,516
New York	1788	340,120	586,050	959,049	1,372,812	1,918,608	2,428,921	3,097,394	3,880,735
North Carolina	1789	393,751	478,103	556,526	638,829	737,987	753,419	869,039	992,622
North Dakota	1889
Northern Mariana Islands	1986
Ohio	1803		42,159	230,760	581,434	937,903	1,519,467	1,980,329	2,339,511
Oklahoma	1907
Oregon	1859							12,093	52,465
Pennsylvania	1787	434,373	602,545	810,091	1,049,458	1,348,233	1,724,033	2,311,786	2,906,215
Puerto Rico	1899
Rhode Island	1790	68,825	69,122	76,931	83,059	97,199	108,830	147,545	174,620
South Carolina	1788	249,073	345,591	415,115	502,741	581,185	594,398	668,507	703,708
South Dakota[i]	1889								4,837
Tennessee	1796	35,691	105,602	261,727	422,813	681,904	829,210	1,002,717	1,109,801
Texas	1845							212,592	604,215
U.S. Virgin Islands	1917
Utah	1896							11,380	40,273
Vermont[j]	1791	85,425	154,465	217,713	235,764	280,652	291,948	314,120	315,098
Virginia[k]	1788	691,937	807,557	877,683	938,261	1,044,054	1,025,227	1,119,348	1,219,630
Washington	1889							1,201	11,594
West Virginia[l]	1863	55,873	78,592	105,469	136,808	176,924	224,537	302,313	376,688
Wisconsin	1848				1,444	3,635	30,945	305,391	775,881
Wyoming	1890
United States		3,929,214	5,308,483	7,239,881	9,638,453	12,860,702	17,063,353	23,191,876	31,443,321

The below figures cover only people held in bondage. They are also counted in the total population figures above.

Name	1790	1800	1810	1820	1830	1840	1850	1860
Alabama		494	2,565	41,879	117,549	253,532	342,844	435,081
Arkansas			136	1,617	4,576	19,935	47,100	111,115
California							0	0
Colorado								0
Connecticut	2,764	951	310	97	25	17	0	0
Delaware	8,887	6,153	4,177	4,509	3,292	2,605	2,290	1,798
District of Columbia		2,072	3,554	4,520	4,505	3,320	3,687	3,185
Florida					15,501	25,717	39,310	61,745
Georgia	29,264	59,699	105,218	149,656	217,531	280,944	381,682	462,198
Illinois		107	168	917	747	331	0	0
Indiana		28	237	190	3	3	0	0
Iowa						16	0	0
Kansas								2
Kentucky	12,430	40,343	80,561	126,732	165,213	182,258	210,981	225,483
Louisiana			34,660	69,064	109,588	168,452	244,809	331,726
Maine	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0
Maryland	103,036	105,635	111,502	107,398	102,994	89,737	90,368	87,189
Massachusetts	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
Michigan		0	24	0	1	0	0	0
Minnesota							0	0
Mississippi		2,995	14,523	32,814	65,659	195,211	309,878	436,631
Missouri			2,875	10,222	25,091	58,240	87,422	114,931
Nebraska								15
Nevada								0
New Hampshire	158	8	0	0	3	1	0	0
New Jersey	11,423	12,422	10,851	7,557	2,254	674	236	18
New Mexico							0	0
New York	21,324	20,613	15,017	10,088	75	4	0	0
North Carolina	100,572	133,296	168,824	204,917	245,601	245,817	288,548	331,059
Ohio		0	0	0	6	3	0	0
Oregon							0	0
Pennsylvania	3,737	1,706	795	211	403	64	0	0
Rhode Island	948	380	108	48	17	5	0	0
South Carolina	107,094	146,151	196,365	258,475	315,401	327,038	384,984	402,406
Tennessee	3,417	13,584	44,535	80,107	141,603	183,059	239,459	275,719
Texas							58,161	182,566
Utah							26	29
Vermont	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Virginia[m]	287,959	339,499	383,521	411,886	453,698	431,873	452,028	472,494
Washington						0	0	0
West Virginia[n]	4,668	7,172	10,836	15,169	17,673	18,488	20,500	18,371
Wisconsin				0	31	11	0	0
United States	697,681	893,602	1,191,362	1,538,073	2,009,043	2,487,355	3,204,313	3,953,760

Name	1870	1880	1890[o]	1900	1910	1920	1930	1940	1950
Alabama	996,992	1,262,505	1,513,401	1,828,697	2,138,093	2,348,174	2,646,248	2,832,961	3,061,743
Alaska		33,426	32,052	63,592	64,356	55,036	59,278	72,524	128,643
American Samoa[p]					6,100[q]	8,056	10,055	12,908	24,889
Arizona	9,658	40,440	88,243	122,931	204,354	334,162	435,573	499,261	749,587
Arkansas	484,471	802,525	1,128,211	1,311,564	1,574,449	1,752,204	1,854,482	1,949,387	1,909,511
California	560,247	864,694	1,213,398	1,485,053	2,377,549	3,426,861	5,677,251	6,907,387	10,586,223
Colorado	39,864	194,327	413,249	539,700	799,024	939,629	1,035,791	1,123,296	1,325,089
Connecticut	537,454	622,700	746,258	908,420	1,114,756	1,380,631	1,606,903	1,709,242	2,007,280
Delaware	125,015	146,608	168,493	184,735	202,322	223,003	238,380	266,505	318,085
District of Columbia	131,700	177,624	230,392	278,718	331,069	437,571	486,869	663,091	802,178
Florida	187,748	269,493	391,422	528,542	752,619	968,470	1,468,211	1,897,414	2,771,305
Georgia	1,184,109	1,542,180	1,837,353	2,216,331	2,609,121	2,895,832	2,908,506	3,123,723	3,444,578
Guam					11,806	13,275	18,509	22,290	59,498
Hawaii[r]				154,001	191,874[s]	255,881[s]	368,300[s]	422,738[t]	499,794
Idaho	14,999	32,610	88,548	161,772	325,594	431,866	445,032	524,873	588,637
Illinois	2,539,891	3,077,871	3,826,352	4,821,550	5,638,591	6,485,280	7,630,654	7,897,241	8,712,176
Indiana	1,680,637	1,978,301	2,192,404	2,516,462	2,700,876	2,930,390	3,238,503	3,427,796	3,934,224
Iowa	1,194,020	1,624,615	1,912,297	2,231,853	2,224,771	2,404,021	2,470,939	2,538,268	2,621,073
Kansas	364,399	996,096	1,428,108	1,470,495	1,690,949	1,769,257	1,880,999	1,801,028	1,905,299
Kentucky	1,321,011	1,648,690	1,858,635	2,147,174	2,289,905	2,416,630	2,614,589	2,845,627	2,944,806
Louisiana	726,915	939,946	1,118,588	1,381,625	1,656,388	1,798,509	2,101,593	2,363,880	2,683,516
Maine	626,915	648,936	661,086	694,466	742,371	768,014	797,423	847,226	913,774
Maryland	780,894	934,943	1,042,390	1,188,044	1,295,346	1,449,661	1,631,526	1,821,244	2,343,001
Massachusetts	1,457,351	1,783,085	2,238,947	2,805,346	3,366,416	3,852,356	4,249,614	4,316,721	4,690,514
Michigan	1,184,059	1,636,937	2,093,890	2,420,982	2,810,173	3,668,412	4,842,325	5,256,106	6,371,766
Minnesota	439,706	780,773	1,310,283	1,751,394	2,075,708	2,387,125	2,563,953	2,792,300	2,982,483
Mississippi	827,922	1,131,597	1,289,600	1,551,270	1,797,114	1,790,618	2,009,821	2,183,796	2,178,914
Missouri	1,721,295	2,168,380	2,679,185	3,106,665	3,293,335	3,404,055	3,629,367	3,784,664	3,954,653
Montana	20,595	39,159	142,924	243,329	376,053	548,889	537,606	559,456	591,024
Nebraska	122,993	452,402	1,062,656	1,066,300	1,192,214	1,296,372	1,377,963	1,315,834	1,325,510
Nevada	42,941	62,266	47,355	42,335	81,875	77,407	91,058	110,247	160,083
New Hampshire	318,300	346,991	376,530	411,588	430,572	443,083	465,293	491,524	533,242
New Jersey	906,096	1,131,116	1,444,933	1,883,669	2,537,167	3,155,900	4,041,334	4,160,165	4,835,329
New Mexico	91,874	119,565	160,282	195,310	327,301	360,350	423,317	531,818	681,187
New York	4,382,759	5,082,871	6,003,174	7,268,894	9,113,614	10,385,227	12,588,066	13,479,142	14,830,192
North Carolina	1,071,361	1,399,750	1,617,949	1,893,810	2,206,287	2,559,123	3,170,276	3,571,623	4,061,929
North Dakota	2,405	36,909	190,983	319,146	577,056	646,872	680,845	641,935	619,636
Ohio	2,665,260	3,198,062	3,672,329	4,157,545	4,767,121	5,759,394	6,646,697	6,907,612	7,946,627
Oklahoma[u]			258,657[v]	790,391[w]	1,657,155	2,028,283	2,396,040	2,336,434	2,233,351
Oregon	90,923	174,768	317,704	413,536	672,765	783,389	953,786	1,089,684	1,521,341
Pennsylvania	3,521,951	4,282,891	5,258,113	6,302,115	7,665,111	8,720,017	9,631,350	9,900,180	10,498,012
Puerto Rico					1,118,012	1,299,809	1,543,913	1,869,255	2,210,703
Rhode Island	217,353	276,531	345,506	428,556	542,610	604,397	687,497	713,346	791,896
South Carolina	705,606	995,577	1,151,149	1,340,316	1,515,400	1,683,724	1,738,765	1,899,804	2,117,027
South Dakota	11,776	98,268	348,600	401,570	583,888	636,547	692,849	642,961	652,740
Tennessee	1,258,520	1,542,359	1,767,518	2,020,616	2,184,789	2,337,885	2,616,556	2,915,841	3,291,718
Texas	818,579	1,591,749	2,235,527	3,048,710	3,896,542	4,663,228	5,824,715	6,414,824	7,711,194
U.S. Virgin Islands						25,346[x]	22,012	39,467	51,827
Utah	86,786	143,963	210,779	276,749	373,351	449,396	507,847	550,310	688,862
Vermont	330,551	332,286	332,422	343,641	355,956	352,428	359,611	359,231	377,747
Virginia	1,225,163	1,512,565	1,655,980	1,854,184	2,061,612	2,309,187	2,421,851	2,677,773	3,318,680
Washington	23,955	75,116	357,232	518,103	1,141,990	1,356,621	1,563,396	1,736,191	2,378,963
West Virginia	442,014	618,457	762,794	958,800	1,221,119	1,463,701	1,729,205	1,901,974	2,005,552
Wisconsin	1,054,670	1,315,497	1,693,330	2,069,042	2,333,860	2,632,067	2,939,006	3,137,587	3,434,575
Wyoming	9,118	20,789	62,555	92,531	145,965	194,402	225,565	250,742	290,529
United States	38,558,371	50,155,783 [y]	62,947,714 [y][z]	75,994,575 [aa]	91,972,266 [ab]	105,710,620 [ac]	122,775,046 [ac]	131,669,275 [ac]	150,697,361 [ad]

Name	1960	1970	1980	1990	2000	2010	2020
Alabama	3,266,740	3,444,165	3,893,888	4,040,587	4,447,100	4,779,736	5,024,279
Alaska	226,167	300,382	401,851	550,043	626,932	710,231	733,391
American Samoa	20,051	27,159	32,297	46,773	57,291	55,519	49,710
Arizona	1,302,161	1,770,900	2,718,215	3,665,228	5,130,632	6,392,017	7,151,502
Arkansas	1,786,272	1,923,295	2,286,435	2,350,725	2,673,400	2,915,918	3,011,524
California	15,717,204	19,953,134	23,667,902	29,760,021	33,871,648	37,253,956	39,538,223
Colorado	1,753,947	2,207,259	2,889,964	3,294,394	4,301,261	5,029,196	5,773,714
Connecticut	2,535,234	3,031,709	3,107,576	3,287,116	3,405,565	3,574,097	3,608,298
Delaware	446,292	548,104	594,338	666,168	783,600	897,934	989,948
District of Columbia	763,956	756,510	638,333	606,900	572,059	601,723	689,545
Florida	4,951,560	6,789,443	9,746,324	12,937,926	15,982,378	18,801,310	21,538,187
Georgia	3,943,116	4,589,575	5,463,105	6,478,216	8,186,453	9,687,653	10,711,908
Guam	67,044	84,966	105,979	133,152	154,805	159,358	153,836
Hawaii	632,772	768,561	964,691	1,108,229	1,211,537	1,360,301	1,455,271
Idaho	667,191	712,567	943,935	1,006,749	1,293,953	1,567,582	1,839,106
Illinois	10,081,158	11,113,976	11,426,518	11,430,602	12,419,293	12,830,632	12,812,508
Indiana	4,662,498	5,193,669	5,490,224	5,544,159	6,080,485	6,483,802	6,785,528
Iowa	2,757,537	2,824,376	2,913,808	2,776,755	2,926,324	3,046,355	3,190,369
Kansas	2,178,611	2,246,578	2,363,679	2,477,574	2,688,418	2,853,118	2,937,880
Kentucky	3,038,156	3,218,706	3,660,777	3,685,296	4,041,769	4,339,367	4,505,836
Louisiana	3,257,022	3,641,306	4,205,900	4,219,973	4,468,976	4,533,372	4,657,757
Maine	969,265	992,048	1,124,660	1,227,928	1,274,923	1,328,361	1,362,359
Maryland	3,100,689	3,922,399	4,216,975	4,781,468	5,296,486	5,773,552	6,177,224
Massachusetts	5,148,578	5,689,170	5,737,037	6,016,425	6,349,097	6,547,629	7,029,917
Michigan	7,823,194	8,875,083	9,262,078	9,295,297	9,938,444	9,883,640	10,077,331
Minnesota	3,413,864	3,804,971	4,075,970	4,375,099	4,919,479	5,303,925	5,706,494
Mississippi	2,178,141	2,216,912	2,520,638	2,573,216	2,844,658	2,967,297	2,961,279
Missouri	4,319,813	4,676,501	4,916,686	5,117,073	5,595,211	5,988,927	6,154,913
Montana	674,767	694,409	786,690	799,065	902,195	989,415	1,084,225
Nebraska	1,411,330	1,483,493	1,569,825	1,578,385	1,711,263	1,826,341	1,961,504
Nevada	285,278	488,738	800,493	1,201,833	1,998,257	2,700,551	3,104,614
New Hampshire	606,921	737,681	920,610	1,109,252	1,235,786	1,316,470	1,377,529
New Jersey	6,066,782	7,168,164	7,364,823	7,730,188	8,414,350	8,791,894	9,288,994
New Mexico	951,023	1,016,000	1,302,894	1,515,069	1,819,046	2,059,179	2,117,522
New York	16,782,304	18,236,967	17,558,072	17,990,455	18,976,457	19,378,102	20,201,249
North Carolina	4,556,155	5,082,059	5,881,766	6,628,637	8,049,313	9,535,483	10,439,388
North Dakota	632,446	617,761	652,717	638,800	642,200	672,591	779,094
Northern Mariana Islands[ae]	8,290[af]	9,460	16,780	43,345	69,221	53,883	47,329
Ohio	9,706,397	10,652,017	10,797,630	10,847,115	11,353,140	11,536,504	11,799,448
Oklahoma	2,328,284	2,559,229	3,025,290	3,145,585	3,450,654	3,751,351	3,959,353
Oregon	1,768,687	2,091,385	2,633,105	2,842,321	3,421,399	3,831,074	4,237,256
Pennsylvania	11,319,366	11,793,909	11,863,895	11,881,643	12,281,054	12,702,379	13,002,700
Puerto Rico	2,349,544	2,712,033	3,196,520	3,522,037	3,808,610	3,725,789	3,285,874
Rhode Island	859,488	946,725	947,154	1,003,464	1,048,319	1,052,567	1,097,379
South Carolina	2,382,594	2,590,516	3,121,820	3,486,703	4,012,012	4,625,364	5,118,425
South Dakota	680,514	665,507	690,768	696,004	754,844	814,180	886,667
Tennessee	3,567,089	3,923,687	4,591,120	4,877,185	5,689,283	6,346,105	6,910,840
Texas	9,579,677	11,196,730	14,229,191	16,986,510	20,851,820	25,145,561	29,145,505
U.S. Virgin Islands	32,099	62,468	96,569	101,809	108,612	106,405	87,146
Utah	890,627	1,059,273	1,461,037	1,722,850	2,233,169	2,763,885	3,271,616
Vermont	389,881	444,330	511,456	562,758	608,827	625,741	643,077
Virginia	3,966,949	4,648,494	5,346,818	6,187,358	7,078,515	8,001,024	8,631,393
Washington	2,853,214	3,409,169	4,132,156	4,866,692	5,894,121	6,724,540	7,705,281
West Virginia	1,860,421	1,744,237	1,949,644	1,793,477	1,808,344	1,852,994	1,793,716
Wisconsin	3,951,777	4,417,731	4,705,767	4,891,769	5,363,675	5,686,986	5,893,718
Wyoming	330,066	332,416	469,557	453,588	493,782	563,626	576,851
United States	179,323,175[ag]	203,211,926[ah]	226,545,805[ai]	248,709,873[aj]	281,421,906[ak]	308,745,538[ak]	331,449,281[ak]

Several small island territories are included in the U.S. Census Bureau's Island Areas region asU.S. Minor Outlying Islands. These mostly lack permanent residents, but have been included in some census counts since 1910. Prior to 1959, most of the Pacific minor island territories were enumerated with the Hawaii Territory, but not included in the territory's population count. Minor Outlying Islands that have never had a population enumerated by the U.S. Census Bureau are not included. Since 2000, the U.S. Census Bureau has not reported data for the Minor Outlying Islands as part of its standard data products.

Since 1900, the U.S. Census Bureau has worked to count Americans living overseas, including those soldiers and sailors overseas, merchants on vessels at sea, and diplomats. (Counts were also provided in the 1830 and 1840 Censuses.) Attempts to count private citizens have been made, too, but with only minimal success.^[2] In 1970 and since 1990, the "U.S. Federally Affiliated Overseas Population" — essentially citizens serving in military, diplomatic, and other federal agency postings overseas — have been counted based upon federal records. For the purpose of apportionment, they are assigned to their on-record home state. Figures prior to 2000 are fromAmericans Overseas in U.S. Censuses.^[3] Data for 2000 and 2010 is from a 2012 Census assessment report,^[4] and 2020 data is from that year's Census.^[5]

Several territories and possessions held by the United States during the 1800s and 1900s gained independence or were transferred to other nations. The populations of these former territories as reported in the census are listed below.

• United States Census
• United States congressional apportionment
• List of U.S. states and territories by population
• List of U.S. states by population density
• List of U.S. states by population growth rate
• List of colonial and pre-Federal U.S. historical population
• Largest cities in the United States by population by decade
• List of largest cities of U.S. states and territories by historical population

General

• State data, 1790–1990:"Race and Hispanic Origin: 1790 to 1990 by State"(PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2014-11-21. Retrieved2011-11-01.
• National data, 1790–1990:"United States - Race and Hispanic Origin: 1790 to 1990"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2014-11-14. Retrieved2011-11-01.
• State and national data, 2000–2010:"Population Distribution and Change: 2000 to 2010"(PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved2011-11-01.

• Lists by population
• Lists of states of the United States
• United States demography-related lists

• Articles with short description
• Short description is different from Wikidata
• Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2021
• All articles containing potentially dated statements