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List of Turkish operations in northern Iraq

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Turkish operations in Northern Iraq
Part of theKurdish–Turkish conflict;Iraqi Kurdish Civil War

Current military situation:
  Controlled by theFederal Government
  Controlled by theKurdistan Region
  Controlled by theTurkish Armed Forces
Date1983–present
Location
ResultOngoing
Belligerents

Turkey

Previous:
KDP (1992, 1995, 1997)[1][2]

PUK (1992)[1][2]

PKK
YBŞ
PJAK[3]
YJA STAR[4]

Previous:

PUK (1997)[5]
Casualties and losses
400+ killed[6]8,000+ killed
1,700 captured,[6]
6,800+ displaced[7]
Timeline
First insurgency
Second insurgency
Third insurgency
Serhildan
Peace process and peace efforts
Others

TheKurdish-Turkish conflict spilled over intoIraqi Kurdistan in 1983,[8] and has continued there intermittently since. TheTurkish Armed Forces has launched a series of operations in NorthernIraq against theKurdistan Workers' Party (PKK).[9] More than 37,000 people have been killed in the conflict since 1984.[10]

The operations resulted in a permanent Turkish presence in northern Iraq since 2018.[11] The Iraqi government at one time viewed these operations as a violation of Iraq'ssovereignty,[12] with PresidentBarham Salih demanding from Turkey their end, and the withdrawal of all of the Turkish armed forces from his country's territory.[13]

DateOperationTAF Fatalities (Wounded)PKK Fatalities (Captured)
27 May 1984 – 10 October 1984Operation Hot Pursuit??
5 October 1992 – 15 November 1992Operation Northern Iraq28 (125)1,551 (1,232)
20 March 1995 – 4 May 1995Operation Steel64 (185)555 (13)
12 May 1997 – 7 July 1997Operation Hammer114 (338)2,730 (418)
25 September 1997 – 15 October 1997Operation Dawn31 (91)865 (37)
21 February 2008 – 29 February 2008Operation Sun27[14][15][16]240
24 July 2015 – 25 July 2015Operation Martyr Yalçın8160
25 April 20172017 Turkish airstrikes in Syria and Iraq033
28 May 2019 – 14 June 2020Operation Claw17[17]417[18]
15 June 2020 – 17 April 2022Operations Claw-Lightning and Thunderbolt305141
10 February 2021 – 14 February 2021Operation Claw-Eagle 29031
23 April 2021 – 17 April 2022Operations Claw-Lightning and Thunderbolt36387
17 April 2022 – 4 May 2022Operation Claw Lock83995
Total:282 (739)6,417 (2,700)

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abIraq – Kurds (1961 – first combat deaths)Archived 2007-06-20 at theWayback Machine, January 2005
  2. ^abTurkey (1984–2002)Archived 2011-02-07 at theWayback Machine, March 2003
  3. ^"Page 2"(PDF). Retrieved29 May 2023.
  4. ^"YJA Star Commander Batûfa Çekdar: Turkey is doomed to defeat thanks to the stance of the Kurds".ANF News. 29 June 2024. Retrieved24 January 2025.
  5. ^"The Arab Spring, ITS Effects on the Kurds, and the Approaches of Turkey, Iran, Syria, and Iraq on the Kurdish Issue". Archived fromthe original on 17 September 2012. Retrieved9 November 2012.
  6. ^ab"Ve Sonuç".Hürriyet. Retrieved11 October 2007.
  7. ^"Timeline Turkey 1962-2008". Archived fromthe original on 23 December 2010. Retrieved24 May 2011.
  8. ^"Irak'a yapılan en büyük kara harekatı". Archived fromthe original on 14 January 2015.
  9. ^"Council Decision",Council of the European Union, 21 December 2005
  10. ^"Kurdish rebels kill Turkey troops".BBC News. 8 April 2007. Retrieved11 May 2010.
  11. ^Yousif Ismael (18 May 2020)."Turkey's Growing Military Presence in the Kurdish Region of Iraq". Washington Institute. Retrieved1 October 2022.
  12. ^Hermann, Rainer."Operation im Nordirak: Bagdad erzürnt über türkische Offensive gegen die PKK".Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (in German).ISSN 0174-4909. Retrieved19 April 2022.
  13. ^"Iraq's president says Turkey's offensive into KRG 'a threat to our national security'".Bianet. 19 April 2022.
  14. ^"Twenty-five killed in clashes between Turkish soldiers, PKK - Monster…". Archived fromthe original on 4 September 2012.
  15. ^"38 killed in PKK attack on Turkish border posts - Thaindian News". Archived fromthe original on 14 August 2018. Retrieved5 February 2011.
  16. ^"Armed Conflicts Report - Turkey". Archived fromthe original on 7 February 2011. Retrieved15 April 2011.
  17. ^2 killed (30 May 2019),[1] 1 killed (19 July 2019 per turkey),[2] 3 killed (25 Aug. 2019),[3] 2 killed (23 Sep. 2019),[4] 1 died (28 Oct. 2019),[5] 1 killed (2 Dec. 2019),[6] 2 killed (2 Jan. 2020),[7] 2 killed (14 Jan. 2020),[8] 2 killed (25 March 2020),[9] 1 killed (15 April 2020),[10] total of 17 reported killed
  18. ^Morrow, Sibel; Alhas, Ali Murat (18 September 2019)."New phase begins in Turkey's northern Iraq operation". Anadolu Agency. Retrieved24 August 2025.
Turkey
State
Deep state
Kurdish groups
Insurgent
Allies
Political
  • HEP (1990–1993)
  • DEP (1993–1994)
  • HADEP (1994–2003)
  • DEHAP (1997–2005)
  • DTH (2005)
  • DTP (2005–2009)
  • BDP (2008–2014)
  • HDP (2012–present)
  • DBP (2014–present)
  • DEM (2023–present)
The conflict
1974–1984
1984–1999
1999–2004
2004–2012
2013–2015
2015–present
Protests
Serhildan
Others
Peace process
and peace efforts
Kurdish leaders
Insurgent
Political
Turkish leaders
Military
Political
See also
Memorials, monuments
andmilitary cemeteries
Other
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