TheMillennium of Russia monument inVeliky Novgorod , featuring the statues and reliefs of the most celebrated people in the first 1000 years ofRussian history Men of enlightenment at theMillennium of Russia Statesmen at theMillennium of Russia Military men and heroes at theMillennium of Russia Writers and artists at theMillennium of Russia This is a list of people associated with the modernRussian Federation , theSoviet Union ,Imperial Russia ,Russian Tsardom , theGrand Duchy of Moscow ,Kievan Rus' , and other predecessor states of Russia.
Regardless of ethnicity or emigration, the list includes famous natives of Russia and its predecessor states, as well as people who were born elsewhere but spent most of their active life in Russia. For more information, see the articlesRussian citizens (Russian :россияне ,romanized : rossiyane Russians (Russian :русские ,romanized : russkiye Demographics of Russia . For specific lists of Russians, seeCategory:Lists of Russian people andCategory:Russian people .
Ivan the Great Rurik , ruler ofNovgorod , progenitor of theRurikid Dynasty , traditionally the first ruler of RussiaVladimir the Great Oleg "the Seer", conqueror ofKiev and founder ofKievan Rus' , famous for his wars with theByzantium Igor "the Old", first historically well-attestedRurikid rulerOlga , first female ruler of Rus' (regent ), the firstChristian among Russian rulersVladimir I "the Great", turned saint from pagan and enacted theChristianization of Kievan Rus' Yaroslav I "the Wise", reigned in the period when Kievan Rus' reached the zenith of its cultural flowering and military power, founder ofYaroslavl Vladimir II Monomakh , defender of Rus' fromCuman nomads, presided over the end of theGolden Age of KievYury I "the Long-Handed", founder of MoscowAndrey I , "Bogolyubsky" (the God-Loving), key figure in transition of political power from Kiev toVladimir-Suzdal Alexander Nevsky Vsevolod "the Big Nest", the Grand Prince of Vladimir during its Golden Age, had 14 childrenAlexander Nevsky ,Prince of Novgorod and Grand Prince of Vladimir, military hero famous for theBattle of Neva and theBattle of the Ice ,patron saint and theName of Russia Ivan I "the Moneybag", brought wealth and power to Moscow by maintaining his loyalty to theGolden Horde and acting as its chief tax collector in RussiaSimeon "the Proud", continued the policies of his father Ivan I, died of theBlack Death Dmitry Donskoy , saint and war hero, the first Prince of Moscow to openly challenge Mongol authority in Russia, famous for theBattle of Kulikovo Ivan III "the Great", reunited the Central and Northern Rus',put an end to theMongol yoke , broughtRenaissance architecture to RussiaIvan IV , the firstTsar of Russia , called "the Terrible" in the West; transformed Russia into a multiethnic, multiconfessional, andtranscontinental state Boris Godunov , the first non-Rurikid monarchIvan the Terrible False Dmitriy I , the first impostor during theTime of Troubles Vasili IV Shuisky , Tsar elected during the Time of TroublesFalse Dmitry II , the second impostor during the Time of TroublesMikhail , firstRomanov monarch, oversaw the largest ever expansion of Russia's territory, reaching the PacificPeter the Great Catherine the Great Alexander I , first Russian king of Poland and first Russian grand duke of FinlandAlexander II "the Liberator", enacted the "Great Reforms" in Russian economy and social structure, including theemancipation reform of 1861 Alexander III "the Peacemaker", reversed some of the liberal reforms of his father, Alexander II; this policy is known in Russia as "counter-reforms"; he also opposed any reform that limited his autocratic rule; during his reign, Russia fought no major warsNicholas II , the last actual emperor, forced to abdicate after theFebruary Revolution , killed with his family during theRussian Civil War Statesmen of the Tsardom and Empire [ edit ] Aleksey Arakcheyev , Minister of War of Alexander I, organizedmilitary-agricultural colonies Vasily Golitsyn Abram Gannibal , general and military engineer ofBlack African origin, governor ofReval , the great-grandfather ofAlexander Pushkin and hero of his novelThe Moor of Peter the Great Vasily Golitsyn , 17th-century commander of the Russian Army, Foreign Minister and a favourite ofTsarevna Sophia , abolishedrank priority in the military, concludedEternal Peace Treaty of 1686 with Poland, one of the most educated Russians of the timeAlexander Gorchakov Fyodor Golovin , associate of Peter the Great,general admiral , the first Russianfield marshal andChancellor , the first Russian count and the first to receive theOrder of St. Andrew , negotiated theTreaty of Nerchinsk and theTreaty of Karlowitz Alexander Gorchakov , Foreign Minister and Chancellor of Alexander II, a friend and rival ofOtto von Bismarck , denounced theTreaty of Paris (1856) , advocated theLeague of the Three Emperors Ivan Goremykin , twice the Prime Minister of Imperial RussiaAleksandr Menshikov Alexander Kerensky , second and the last Prime Minister of the Russian Provisional GovernmentFranz Lefort , tutor of Peter the Great, general and diplomat, oversaw the foundation of theRussian Navy Afanasy Ordin-Nashchokin Georgy Lvov , first Prime Minister of the Russian Provisional GovernmentAleksandr Menshikov , associate and friend of Peter the Great, de facto ruler of Russia for two years after Peter's death,generalissimus , Prince, the firstGovernor of Saint Petersburg Pavel Milyukov , founder of theConstitutional Democratic Party , Foreign Minister in the Russian Provisional GovernmentNikolay Muravyov-Amursky , governor of the East Siberia, coloniser of thePriamurye andPrimorye , concluded theTreaty of Aigun and theTreaty of Beijing (1860) with ChinaKarl Nesselrode , Foreign Minister of Alexander II and Nicholas I, a leading European conservative statesman of theHoly Alliance Grigory Orlov , favourite of Catherine the Great who enthroned her, progenitor ofBobrinsky family, founder of theFree Economic Society , owner of theOrlov Diamond Mikhail Speransky Konstantin Pobedonostsev , tutor to Alexander III andÉminence grise of his imperial politicsGrigory Potyomkin-Tavrichesky , favourite of Catherine II, conqueror and the first governor ofNovorossiya , founder ofSevastopol andYekaterinoslav Grigori Rasputin ,mystic and healer who influenced the latter politics of Nicholas IIKirill Razumovsky , lastHetman of Ukrainian Cossacks , the president of theRussian Academy of Sciences Nikolay Rumyantsev , Foreign Minister during theFrench invasion of Russia , founder of theRumyantsev Museum Ivan Serebrennikov , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Russian stateMikhail Speransky , chief reformer during the reign of Alexander I, father ofRussian liberalism , oversaw the publication of theFull Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire Ekaterina Vorontsova-Dashkova Pyotr Stolypin , Interior Minister and then Prime Minister, put down theRussian Revolution of 1905 , initiatedStolypin reform Pyotr Vologodsky , Minister of Supply of the Russian stateEkaterina Vorontsova-Dashkova , closest female friend ofCatherine the Great , a major figure of the Russian Enlightenment, a director of theImperial Academy of Arts and Sciences and the founder ofRussian Academy Sergei Witte , Finance Minister who later became the firstPrime Minister of Russia , presided over extensiveindustrialization of the country, and supervised the construction of theTrans-Siberian Railway Nikolai Bukharin , leadingBolshevik revolutionary,Marxist theoretician, economist and prolific author,Politburo member in the 1920s, editor of government newspapersPravda Izvestia The ABC of Communism Nikolai Bulganin , leadingCommunist politician, served as the Minister of Defense and thePremier of the Soviet Union , backedde-Stalinization Mikhail Gorbachev lastGeneral Secretary of the CPSU and the onlyPresident of the Soviet Union , launched the policies ofglasnost andperestroika , presided over thedissolution of the Soviet Union Mikhail Kalinin ,Old Bolshevik politician and theHead of state of the Soviet Union in 1938–1946Nikita Khrushchev , leader of the Soviet Union in 1953–1964, launchedde-Stalinisation and many erratic policies, backed the progress of the earlySoviet space program Alexei Kosygin , Soviet Premier under Brezhnev, author of the eventually stifledKosygin reform which included elements ofcapitalist managementVyacheslav Molotov Vladimir Lenin , founder ofBolshevik party , the leader of theOctober Revolution , the first Soviet head of state in 1917–1922, founder of the Soviet Union, creator ofLeninism Anatoly Lunacharsky , first Soviet Minister of EnlightenmentGeorgy Malenkov , close associate of Stalin, Soviet Premier and one of the leaders after Stalin's deathVyacheslav Molotov Soviet Premier in the 1930s, Foreign Minister during World War II, a close associate of StalinYakov Sverdlov , firstde jure head of theRussian SFSR Mikhail Suslov , leadingideologist during the Brezhnev eraGennady Yanayev , leader of theAugust Coup that attempted to depose GorbachevNikolai Yezhov , Interior Minister and head of the NKVD during the period of theGreat Purge , was executed soon afterContemporary Russian politicians [ edit ] Viktor Chernomyrdin , leading politician and businessman, served as the first Chairman ofGazprom and thePremier of Russia Yegor Gaidar , leading politician and economist, served as the Premier of Russia, launched the controversialshock therapy free market economy in RussiaBoris Gryzlov , leading politician, parliamentarian and diplomat, served as theMinister of Internal Affairs of Russia and theChairman of the State Duma , currently serves as the Russian Ambassador toBelarus Mikhail Fradkov , leading politician, intelligence official and scholar, served as Premier of Russia and the Director of theForeign Intelligence Service , currently heads theRussian Institute for Strategic Studies Sergei Kiriyenko , leading politician andapparatchik , served as the Premier of Russia and the General Director ofRosatom , currently serves as the First Deputy Chief of Staff of thePresidential Administration of Russia Dmitry Medvedev Sergey Lavrov , leading politician and diplomat, served as theRussian Ambassador to the United Nations , currently theMinister of Foreign Affairs of Russia Yury Luzhkov , leading politician, served as theMayor of Moscow , was one of the founders of the rulingUnited Russia partyEvgeny Markin , businessman, public figure and politicianValentina Matviyenko , leading politician, parliamentarian and diplomat, served as the Russian Ambassador toMalta and Greece as well as theGovernor of Saint Petersburg , currently theChairman of the Federation Council Dmitry Medvedev , leading politician and security official, served as thePresident and thePremier of Russia , currently the Deputy Chairman of theSecurity Council of Russia Sergei Mironov , leading politician and parliamentarian, served asChairman of the Federation Council , founder and current Chairman of theA Just Russia — For Truth partyYevgeny Primakov , leading politician, diplomat, intelligence officer and academician, served as the Director of theForeign Intelligence Service , the Minister of Foreign Affairs and thePremier of Russia , presided over the start of Russian economic recovery and a significant change in foreign policyVladimir Putin , leading politician and intelligence officer, served as the Director of theFederal Security Service and the Premier of Russia, currently thePresident of Russia , presided over impressive Russian economic recovery and military build-up, annexedCrimea Vladimir Putin Anatoly Sobchak , first post-Soviet mayor of St. PetersburgSergei Stepashin , Prime Minister in 1999, currently the head of the Account Chamber of Russia (the state audit agency)Boris Yeltsin , the first President of Russia from 1991 to 1999Boris Yeltsin Vasily Chapaev Ivan Bagramyan ,Soviet marshal , prominent in theBaltic Offensive andOperation Bagration during World War IIPyotr Bagration , general and hero of theNapoleonic Wars , mortally wounded in theBattle of Borodino Roman Bagration , general and brother of Pyotr Bagration, participated in theNapoleonic Wars Aleksandr Baryatinsky , field marshal, perfected themountain warfare tactics of the Russian Army, capturedImam Shamil during theCaucasian War Alexander Bekovich-Cherkassky , leader of the first Russian military expeditions into Central Asia, founder ofKrasnovodsk Vasily Blücher , one of the first five Soviet marshals, prominent in theRussian Civil War and theNorthern Expedition in ChinaMaria Bochkareva , founder of theWomen's Battalion of Death during World War IAleksei Brusilov , World War I general, led the tactically innovativeBrusilov Offensive , destroying the military ofAustria-Hungary almost completelyDenis Davydov Semyon Budyonny , Civil War commander, statesman, tripleHero of the Soviet Union Vasily Chapayev , legendary Civil War commander, prototype forChapaev Chapayev and Void Russian jokes Mikhail Chernyayev , general, capturedTashkent during the conquest of Central Asia, the governor ofRussian Turkestan Vasily Chuikov , commander and hero in theBattle of Stalingrad , Soviet marshal, double HSUDenis Davydov , general, guerilla fighter and soldier-poet of the Napoleonic Wars, invented a genre ofhussar poetryAnton Denikin , Civil War general, one of the leaders ofWhite Movement Hans Karl von Diebitsch-Zabalkansky , able field marshal, tookAdrianople during theRusso-Turkish War (1828–1829) Mikhail Petrovich Dolgorukov (1780–1808), Russian major-general who was killed in theBattle of Virta Bro against the SwedesNadezhda Durova , "the Cavalry Maiden", a female hero of the Napoleonic warsAlexander Gorbatyi-Shuisky ,voevoda of TsarIvan IV , hero of theRusso-Kazan Wars and the finalSiege of Kazan (1552) Nadezhda Durova Leonid Govorov , World War II Soviet marshal, ledOperation Spark (1943) which broke theblockade of Leningrad Andrei Grechko , World War II Soviet marshal,Soviet Defence Minister under BrezhnevIvan Gudovich , field marshal, conqueredKhadjibey andAnapa in theRusso-Turkish War (1787–1792) , conqueredDagestan in theRusso-Turkish War (1806–1812) Iosif Gurko , commander and hero of theRusso-Turkish War (1877–1878) , won the battles ofShipka Pass ,Gorni Dubnik andPlovdiv , liberated the Bulgarian capitalSofia Mikhail Frunze , revolutionary, a prominent Civil War commanderNikolay Kamensky , victor over the Swedes atSalmi ,Oravais , andSävar , victor over the Turks atBatin Konstantin Kaufmann , conqueror of theKhanate of Khiva , the first governor ofRussian Turkestan Ivan Konev , Soviet marshal, ledRed Army on the Eastern Front,Mikhail Golenishchev-Kutuzov-Smolensky double HSUNikolay Kamensky Lavr Kornilov , World War I general, notable forKornilov Affair Nikolay Krylov , Soviet marshal, commander of theStrategic Rocket Forces under Brezhnev, double HSUMikhail Kutuzov , hero of theRusso-Turkish War (1787–1792) , defeatedNapoleon 'sGrande Armée duringFrench invasion of Russia in 1812, turning the tide of the Napoleonic WarsAndrey Kurbsky , associate and then a leading political opponent of Tsar Ivan IV, hero of theRusso-Kazan Wars Peter Lacy , field marshal, led theSiege of Danzig (1734) , commander-in-chief duringRusso-Swedish War (1741–1743) Rodion Malinovsky , Soviet marshal, prominent at theBattle of Stalingrad and theBattle of Budapest ,Soviet Defense Minister under KhrushchevAlexander Matrosov , World War II soldier, self-sacrificed himself to win the battle,Hero of the Soviet Union Aleksandr Menshikov , associate ofPeter the Great , field marshal in the Great Northern War, won the principalBattle of Poltava Kirill Meretskov , Soviet marshal, led thePetsamo–Kirkenes Offensive which liberated the northern Norway from Nazi occupation, prominent in theSoviet invasion of Manchuria Mikhail Miloradovich , hero of the Napoleonic Wars, killed in attempt to pacify theDecembrist revolt Kuzma Minin , national hero, merchant who led Russia's struggle for independence against Poland-Lithuania during theTime of Troubles Burkhard Christoph von Münnich , field marshal, statesman, founder of the firstCadet Corps in Russia , led theSiege of Danzig (1734) , commander-in-chief duringRusso-Austrian-Turkish War (1735–1739) Semyon Andreevich Pugachov , captain in World War one, commanded several fronts across the USSR.Rodion Oslyabya , monk fromTrinity Sergius Lavra , hero of theBattle of Kulikovo Fabian Gottlieb von Osten-Sacken , conquered theDuchy of Warsaw and governed Paris during theWar of the Sixth Coalition Ivan Panfilov , World War II general, hero of theBattle of Moscow , the commander ofPanfilovtsy Pyotr Rumyantsev-Zadunaysky Ivan Paskevich , hero and commander in theRusso-Persian War (1826–1828) and theRusso-Turkish War (1828–1829) , crushed the PolishNovember Uprising and theHungarian Revolution of 1848 Lyudmila Pavlichenko , World War IISoviet sniper , credited with 309 kills, the most successful female sniper in historyAlexander Peresvet , monk from Trinity Sergius Lavra, hero of theBattle of Kulikovo , fought with the Tatar champion Chelubey insingle combat where they killed each otherGrigory Potyomkin-Tavrichesky , conqueror and coloniser ofNovorossiya , reformer of the Russian Army, led theSiege of Ochakov (1788) during theRusso-Turkish War (1787–1792) Dmitry Pozharsky , national hero, prince who led Russia's struggle for independence against Poland-Lithuania during theTime of Troubles Alexander Prozorovsky , commander-in-chief during theRusso-Turkish War (1806–1812) Nikolay Raevsky , hero of the Napoleonic Wars and theBattle of Borodino Anikita Repnin , field marshal in the Great Northern War, conqueror and the first governor ofRiga Nicholas Repnin , field marshal and diplomat, hero of the Russo-Turkish wars, key man in thePartitions of Poland , pacified the Germans in theWar of the Bavarian Succession Konstantin Rokossovsky , Soviet and Polish marshal, Defense Minister of Poland, double HSU, oversaw the main Soviet battle operations of theEastern Front (World War II) , commanded theMoscow Victory Parade of 1945 Grigory Romodanovsky , leading Russian general of Tsar Alexey's reign, commander-in-chief during theRusso-Turkish War (1676–1681) Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich , commander-in-chief of the Russian Army at the start of World War I, then commanded theCaucasus frontPyotr Rumyantsev-Zadunaysky , hero of the Seven Years' War, won the battles ofLarga andKagula and concluded theRusso-Turkish War of 1768–74 by theTreaty of Küçük Kaynarca , military writerMikhail Skobelev Pyotr Saltykov , most prominent Russian commander-in-chief during theSeven Years' War , won thebattle of Paltzig and thebattle of Kunersdorf ; shortly after his Kunersdorf victory,Zakhar Chernyshev 's Russiansraided Berlin Igor Sergeyev , onlymarshal of the Russian Federation , Defense minister in the late 1990sRoza Shanina , World War II Soviet sniper, 54 confirmed killsBoris Shaposhnikov , Soviet marshal, chief of the general staff during the start of the German invasion, military theorist and author ofThe Brain of the Army Aleksei Shein , first Russiangeneralissimo , commander-in-chief duringAzov campaigns Boris Sheremetev , field marshal in the Great Northern War, won thebattle of Erastfer and thebattle of Poltava Ivan Sidorenko , World War II Soviet sniper, over 500 confirmed killsMikhail Skobelev , the "White General", conqueror of Central Asia and hero of theRusso-Turkish War of 1877-78 Sergei Sokolov , Soviet marshal, chief commander during theSoviet–Afghan War Alexander Suvorov-Rymniksky Vasily Sokolovsky , Soviet marshal, prominent in theBattle of Moscow and theBattle of Kursk , military theoristAlexander Suvorov , greatest Russian general of the 18th century,generalissimo who never lost a battle, won atKinburn ,Focşani ,the Rymnik , andIzmail during theRusso-Turkish War (1787–1792) , crushedKościuszko Uprising atBrest andPraga , led an outstandingItalian and Swiss expedition through theAdda , theTrebbia , andNovi , author ofThe Science of Victory (Russian :Наука побеждать )Semyon Timoshenko , World War II Soviet marshal, won theWinter War , senior professional officer of the Red Army at the start of the German invasionFyodor Tolbukhin , World War II Soviet marshal, liberatedBulgaria andYugoslavia Michael Barclay de Tolly , field marshal, led a strategic retreat during theFrench invasion of Russia , led Russian Army to Paris in theWar of the Sixth Coalition Gennady Troshev , chief general during theSecond Chechen War ,Hero of Russia Mikhail Tukhachevsky , Red Army commander during theRussian Civil War , Soviet marshal, military theoristDmitriy Ustinov , Soviet marshal, proponent of theSoviet space program , Defence Minister in the late Brezhnev eraAleksandr Vasilevsky , Soviet marshal, Chief of theSoviet General Staff during most of World War II, led theSoviet invasion of Manchuria , double HSUVera Voloshina (1919–1941), heroic partisan in World War IIMikhail Vorontsov , field marshal, hero of the Napoleonic Wars, capturedVarna in theRusso-Persian War (1826–1828) , led decisive campaigns of theCaucasian War Eduard Totleben , general and military engineer, hero of theSiege of Sevastopol (1854–1855) Kliment Voroshilov , Civil War commander, statesman, double HSUMikhail Vorotynsky , defeated theOttoman andCrimean Khanate army in theBattle of Molodi , eliminating the threat of Ottoman expansion into RussiaPeter Wittgenstein Peter Wittgenstein , field marshal, defendedSt Petersburg in 1812, hero of theWar of the Sixth Coalition Ivan Yakubovsky , Soviet marshal, commander-in-chief of theWarsaw Pact under Brezhnev, double HSUAleksey Yermolov , hero of the Napoleonic Wars and theBattle of Borodino , military ruler of the Caucasus at the start of theCaucasian War Andrey Yeryomenko , World War II Soviet marshal, prominent in theBattle of Stalingrad Yunus-bek Yevkurov , paratrooper, commander of Russian peacekeepers during theNATO bombing of Yugoslavia ,Head of Ingushetia ,Hero of Russia Vasily Zaytsev ,Soviet sniper , killed 412 enemy soldiers and officers, including 6 snipers, a hero of theBattle of Stalingrad Georgy Zhukov , Soviet marshal, chief of the General Staff and representative ofSTAVKA , four times theHero of the Soviet Union , oversaw all the main Soviet battle operations of theEastern Front (World War II) , inspected theMoscow Victory Parade of 1945 Fyodor Apraksin ,general admiral , won theBattle of Gangut during theGreat Northern War , led the Russian Navy in theRusso-Persian War (1722–1723) Fyodor Apraksin Aksel Berg , admiral and scientist, major developer ofradiolocation andcybernetics Vasily Chichagov ,admiral , polar explorer, won the battles ofÖland ,Reval andVyborg Bay , effectively bringing theRusso-Swedish War (1788–1790) to an endCornelius Cruys , vice-admiral, the first commander of theRussian Baltic Fleet Fyodor Dubasov , admiral, placedDalny andPort Arthur under Russian controlSergey Gorshkov , admiral, led major landing operations during WII, commander-in-chief of theSoviet Navy during most of theCold War Samuel Greig , admiral, won theBattle of Chesma during theRusso-Turkish War (1768–1774) and theBattle of Hogland during theRusso-Swedish War (1788–1790) Ivan Grigorovich , admiral, chief of Port Arthur's port during theSiege of Port Arthur Vasily Chichagov Lodewijk van Heiden , admiral who won theBattle of Navarino Ivan Isakov , admiral, held the rankAdmiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union , served during World War IIVladimir Istomin , rear-admiral, hero of theSiege of Sevastopol (1854–1855) during theCrimean War , died in actionAleksandr Kolchak , admiral, polar explorer, a leader of theWhite movement during theRussian Civil War Vladimir Kornilov , vice-admiral, hero of theSiege of Sevastopol (1854–1855) , died in theBattle of Malakoff Nikolay Krabbe , admiral and naval minister, co-founded the first Russian naval bases inPrimorsky Krai , oversaw the development ofnaval artillery andironclad shipsNikolay Kuznetsov , admiral, World War II commander-in-chief of theSoviet Navy Mikhail Lazarev , admiral, three timescircumnavigator and discoverer of Antarctica,Pavel Nakhimov Azov Battle of Navarino , tutor to Nakhimov, Kornilov and IstominStepan Makarov , vice-admiral, inventor and explorer, performed the first ever successfultorpedo attack (during theRusso-Turkish War of 1877–1878 ), built the firsttorpedo boat tender and thefirst polar icebreaker , author of theinsubmersibility theory, killed in the Russo-Japanese War when his ship struck anaval mine Pavel Nakhimov , admiral, circumnavigated the world with Mikhail Lazarev, fought in theBattle of Navarino , annihilated the Ottoman fleet in theBattle of Sinope , commander and hero at theSiege of Sevastopol (1854–1855) Andrey Popov , admiral, hero of the Crimean War, led a Russian flotilla to support theUnion during theAmerican Civil War , designed the first true Russian battleshipPyotr Velikiy Fyodor Ushakov José de Ribas , vice-admiral, founder ofOdessa , hero of theSiege of Izmail Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich , general admiral and Naval Minister during theRusso-Japanese War Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich , general admiral and statesman, oversaw the rapid transition of the Russian Navy toironclad warships Alexei Senyavin , re-established theDon Military Flotilla and played a crucial role in Russia's gaining access to theBlack Sea Dmitry Senyavin , admiral, won thebattle of the Dardanelles (1807) and thebattle of Athos against Ottomans during theNapoleonic Wars Naum Senyavin , vice-admiral, won theBattle of Osel during the Great Northern WarGrigory Spiridov , admiral, destroyed the Ottoman fleet in theBattle of Chesma during theRusso-Turkish War (1768–1774) Jean de Traversay , admiral, commanded theRussian Black Sea Fleet andRussian Baltic Fleet , organised earlyRussian circumnavigations Vasily Zavoyko Vladimir Tributs , admiral, a leading navy commander during theSiege of Leningrad , led theSoviet evacuation of Tallinn Fyodor Ushakov , the most illustriousRussian admiral of the 18th century, saint, won the battles ofFidonisi ,Kerch Strait ,Tendra andCape Kaliakra during theRusso-Turkish War (1787–1792) , single-handedly carved out the GreekSeptinsular Republic , did not lose a single ship in 43 battlesIvan Yumashev , admiral, reclaimed SouthernSakhalin andKuril Islands for the USSR during theSoviet–Japanese War , commander-in-chief of the Soviet Navy in the late 1940sVasily Zavoyko , fought in the Battle of Navarino, twice circumnavigated the globe, explored the estuary of theAmur River , repelled the superior British-French forces in theSiege of Petropavlovsk during theCrimean War Matija Zmajević , vice-admiral, hero of thebattle of Gangut and thebattle of Grengam during the Great Northern WarYekaterina Budanova , World War II pilot, one of the world's two femalefighter aces Valery Chkalov , leader of the first ultralong flight from Moscow to theRussian Far East , leader of the firsttranscontinental flight byairplane over theNorth Pole ,Hero of the Soviet Union Mikhail Devyatayev , fighter pilot known for his incredible escape aboard a stolen bomber from aNazi concentration camp on the Baltic island ofUsedom ,Hero of the Soviet Union Nikolai Gastello , first Soviet pilot to direct his burning aircraft on a ground target, HSUAlexander Golovanov ,chief marshal of Aviation at the end of World War II, commander ofLong Range Aviation Sergey Gritsevets , fighter ace during theSpanish Civil War and theBattle of Khalkhin Gol , the first to become twice theHero of the Soviet Union Valentina Grizodubova , one of the first Soviet female pilots andHeroes of the Soviet Union , set a record for woman's ultralong flightsMikhail Gromov , set a record during the transcontinental flight over theNorth Pole , founded theGromov Flight Research Institute , HSUGromov Vladimir Ilyushin ,test pilot forOKB Sukhoi , HSUNikolai Kamanin , polar aviator, among the first to receive the titleHero of the Soviet Union , trained the first evercosmonauts , includingYuri Gagarin ,Gherman Titov andAlexei Leonov Alexander Kazakov , most successful Russianflying ace of World War I, the first to perform anaerial ramming and surviveSergei Khudyakov ,Marshal of Aviation during World War II, Chief of Staff of the Soviet Air ForceVladimir Kokkinaki , famous Soviettest pilot , set 22 world records, a president of theFédération Aéronautique Internationale , double HSUZinaïda Kokorina , pilot and flight instructor, in 1925 became the world's first military pilotIvan Kozhedub , top fighter ace in the aviation of theAllies of World War II , credited with 62 individual victories, thrice theHero of the Soviet Union Pavel Kutakhov , World War II fighter ace,chief marshal of Aviation underLeonid Brezhnev , double HSUSigizmund Levanevsky , polar aviator, among the first to receive the titleHero of the Soviet Union , died in a transpolar flight attemptAnatoly Liapidevsky , polar aviator, the first person to receive the titleHero of the Soviet Union ,general major of AviationLydia Litvyak , World War II pilot, one of the world's two femalefighter aces , HSUAlexey Maresyev , World War II fighter ace, HSU, the prototype forThe Story of a Real Man Ivan Nagurski , firstpolar aviator , World War I flying acePyotr Nesterov , inventor and pioneer ofaerobatics , the first pilot to perform theaerobatic loop , died in the world's firstaerial ramming during World War IAlexander Novikov ,chief marshal of Aviation during World War II, double HSUYevgeny Pepelyaev , top Soviet fighter ace in theKorean War , HSUViktor Pokrovsky , World War I flying ace, the first Russian pilot to capture an enemy plane and pilotAlexander Pokryshkin , World War II fighter ace, credited with 59 individual victories, tripleHero of the Soviet Union , Marshal of AviationGeorgy Prokofiev , balloonist who coordinated military stratospheric balloon program in the 1930s, set world record in altitude onUSSR-1 Viktor Pugachyov , test pilot and pioneer ofsupermaneuverability , the first to showPugachev's Cobra maneuver ofSu-27 Endel Puusepp , long-range bomber pilot, famous for flying a Soviet delegation over the front line from Moscow to Washington, D.C. and back to negotiate the opening of theWestern Front , HSUMarina Raskova , navigator, founder of the three female air regiments during World War II, HSUYevgeniya Rudneva , World War II bomber pilot, one of theNight Witches Yevgeniya Shakhovskaya , first woman military pilotMark Shevelev , World War II Soviet polar aviation commander, HSULev Shestakov , top Soviet fighter ace during theSpanish Civil War , HSUPyotr Nesterov Yakov Smushkevich , commanded the Soviet aviation in theSpanish Civil War and theBattle of Khalkhin Gol , double HSUNelson Stepanyan , World War IIdive bomber pilot, destroyed scores of enemy ships, tanks, cars, planes and guns, double HSUNikolay Sutyagin , topKorean War Soviet fighter ace, HSUVictor Talalikhin , World War II fighter ace, among the first to performaerial ramming at night, HSUAndrey Vitruk , World War II fighter ace,major general of Aviation,Hero of the Soviet Union and theHero of Yugoslavia Mikhail Vodopianov , polar aviator, among the first to receive the titleHero of the Soviet Union , commanded the first World War II Soviet air raid on Berlin in 1941Yekaterina Zelenko , World War II pilot, the only woman ever to have performed and died inaerial ramming , HSUMetropolitan Alexius , saint, ruled Russia during PrinceDmitry Donskoy 's minorityPatriarch Alexy I , longest serving Patriarch in the Soviet eraPatriarch Alexy II , first post-Soviet Patriarch, oversaw the period of major church restoration and religious renaissanceMetropolitan Isidore , attempted a reunion with theRoman Catholic Church , which instead led to independence of theRussian Orthodox Church Patriarch Job , last Metropolitan and the firstPatriarch of Moscow and All Russia Patriarch Kirill , currentPatriarch of Moscow and all Russia Patriarch Philaret Metropolitan Macarius , saint, prominenticonographer Patriarch Nikon , introduced major church reforms which eventually led to a lastingschism in theRussian Orthodox Church , known asRaskol Metropolitan Philaret , saint, the principal Russian theologian of the 19th centuryPatriarch Philaret ,de facto ruler of Russia during the minority of his son,Tsar Mikhail Patriarch Pimen , oversaw the end of the persecution of Christianity in the Soviet Union and the 1000th anniversary of theBaptism of Rus' Patriarch Tikhon Patriarch Sergius , led the Russian Orthodox Church during World War II, when the earlier Soviet militant atheism was scaled down and the Church was re-legalisedPatriarch Tikhon , firstPatriarch of Moscow and All Russia after restoration of the Patriarchate in the early Soviet eraAlexander Nevsky ,Prince of Novgorod and Vladimir, military hero,patron saint and theName of Russia Boris and Gleb Andrei Rublev , famousicon-painter , author of theTrinity Anthony of Kiev , co-founder of theKyiv Pechersk Lavra , the firstmonastery in RussiaBasil Fool for Christ ,yurodivy who gave his name toSt. Basil's Cathedral on theRed Square Boris and Gleb , children ofVladimir the Great , the first saints canonized inKievan Rus' Tsarevich Dmitry , son ofIvan IV , mysteriously died or killed, later impersonated by the impostorsFalse Dmitry I andFalse Dmitry II during theTime of Troubles Dmitry Donskoy , war hero, the first Prince of Moscow to openly challenge Mongol authority in RussiaFeodor Kuzmich ,starets who according to a legend was in factAlexander I of Russia who faked his death to become a hermitIoakim Korsunianin , first bishop ofNovgorod the Great and builder of the original woodenSaint Sophia Cathedral in Novgorod John of Shanghai and San Francisco , a leader of theRussian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia Kirill of Beloozero , founder ofKirillo-Belozersky Monastery Seraphim of Sarov Maximus the Greek , 16th-centuryhumanist scholarNicholas II of Russia , last Russian emperor, killed in theCivil War with his family;they were beatified asnew-martyrs Nicholas of Japan , brought theEastern Orthodoxy to JapanOlga of Kiev , firstChristian among Russian rulersSergius of Radonezh Savvatiy , founder ofSolovetsky Monastery Sergius of Radonezh , patron saint of Russia, spiritual and monastic reformer, founder of theTrinity Sergius Lavra , blessed Dmitry Donskoy for theBattle of Kulikovo Vladimir I of Kiev "the Great", Kievan prince who turned from pagan to saint and enacted theChristianization of Kievan Rus' Vladimir Atlasov , explorer and coloniser ofKamchatka Semyon Dezhnyov Pyotr Beketov , discoverer ofBuryatia , founder ofYakutsk andChita Ivan Chersky , geologist and explorer ofSiberia , explained the origin of Lake BaikalSemyon Dezhnyov , discoverer ofKolyma ,Chukchi Peninsula ,Bering Strait andthe east extremity ofEurasia ,Cape Dezhnyov Johann Georg Gmelin , traveled over 34,000 km throughSiberia , discovered that theCaspian Sea lies below the ocean levelKurbat Ivanov , discoverer ofLake Baikal , author of the earliest maps of theRussian Far East and the Bering Strait areaYerofey Khabarov , second Russian to explore theAmur River , founder ofKhabarovsk Stepan Krasheninnikov , explorer and author of the first detailed description ofKamchatka Alexander Middendorf , explorer of theTaymyr Peninsula , founder ofpermafrost science, discoverer ofPutorana Plateau Nicolae Milescu , explorer of Siberia and China, the first to point out Baikal's unfathomable depthNikolay Muravyov-Amursky Ivan Moskvitin , first Russian to reach the Pacific Ocean, discoverer of theSea of Okhotsk Nikolay Muravyov-Amursky , explorer and coloniser of theAmurland andPrimorsky Krai Gennady Nevelskoy , founder ofNikolayevsk-on-Amur , proved thatSakhalin is an islandVladimir Obruchev , geologist, explorer of Siberia andCentral Asia , wrote the comprehensiveGeology of Siberia and two popularscience fiction and travel novels,Plutonia Sannikov Land Maksim Perfilyev , discoverer ofTransbaikalia , founder ofYeniseysk andBratsk Fedot Popov , discoverer of Chukotka and theBering Strait , possible discoverer ofKamchatka Vassili Poyarkov , discoverer of theAmurland , the first Russian to sail down theAmur River Demid Pyanda , credited with discovery of theLena River andYakutia , made an 8,000 km long journey along the previously unknown Siberian riversSemyon Remezov , author of theRemezov Chronicle Yermak Timofeyevich Nikolay Shkot , explorer of Sakhalin andPrimorsky Krai , a founder ofNakhodka andVladivostok Alexander Sibiryakov , sponsor of the multiple expeditions inSiberia and theArctic Mikhail Stadukhin , discoverer ofKolyma ,Chukotka and the northernOkhotsk Sea Anikey Stroganov , coloniser ofPerm Krai and theUrals , established the early trade between Russia and Siberian tribesSemyon Stroganov , coloniser of the Urals and Siberia, sponsor of Yermak'sconquest of the Khanate of Sibir Vasily Tatishchev , supervisor of the first instrumental mapping of Russia, coloniser of the Urals and Siberia, founder ofPerm andYekaterinburg Tatyana Ustinova , discoverer of theValley of Geysers in Kamchatka, the world's second largest geyser concentrationYermak Timofeyevich ,conqueror of Siberia , explorer ofWest Siberian riversIvan Yevreinov , author of the first instrumental maps ofKamchatka and theKuril Islands Explorers of Russian America [ edit ] Alexander Baranov , explorer and governor ofRussian America , founder ofFort Ross inCalifornia Vitus Bering , organiser of theGreat Northern Expedition , explorer of theBering Sea and theBering Strait , founder ofPetropavlovsk-Kamchatsky , discoverer of the southern Alaska, theAleutian Islands and theCommander Islands Aleksei Chirikov , discoverer of the Aleutian Islands and the northwestern coast of North AmericaIvan Fyodorov , discoverer of AlaskaMikhail Gvozdev , discoverer of Alaska, author of the first instrumental maps of theOkhotsk Sea andSakhalin shoresGerasim Izmailov , author of the first detailed map of theAleutian Islands , founder of the first permanent Russian settlement in AmericaOtto von Kotzebue , circumnavigator, discoverer of a number ofPacific islands andKotzebue Sound on AlaskaGavriil Pribylov , discoverer of thePribilof Islands Grigory Shelikhov Nikolai Rezanov , founder of theRussian-American Company , protagonist of therock opera Juno and Avos Gavriil Sarychev , explorer of theSea of Okhotsk and theAleutian Islands Grigory Shelikhov , founded the precursor of theRussian-American Company and the first permanent Russian settlements in AmericaLavrenty Zagoskin , author of the first detailed description of the inner areas of AlaskaFyodor Konyukhov , adventurer, the first Russian to complete theThree Poles Challenge andExplorers Grand Slam , set a record for the solo yacht circumnavigation of AntarcticaMikhail Lazarev , discoverer of Antarctica and a number ofPacific islands , triple circumnavigator, war heroYuri Lisyansky , leader of the first Russian circumnavigation, discoverer of a number of Pacific islandsFyodor Litke , oceanographer, explorer ofNovaya Zemlya ,Bering Sea ,Bonin Islands , and theCarolines , double circumnavigatorKonstantin Posyet , participant of the circumnavigation on the frigatePallas ,Nikolai Rezanov Possiet Bay , Minister of Ways and Communications of RussiaYevfimy Putyatin , leader of the circumnavigation onPallas , diplomat, explorer of theSea of Japan Nikolai Rezanov , leader of the first Russian circumnavigation, explorer of theRussian America , protagonist of therock opera Juno and Avos Fyodor Tolstoy , "the American", mischief-making participant of the first Russian circumnavigation, celebrity adventurerIvan Unkovsky , leader of the circumnavigation onPallas Vasily Zavoyko , double circumnavigator, explored the estuary of theAmur River , war heroTravelers in the tropics [ edit ] Afanasy Nikitin Alexander Bulatovich , military advisor ofMenelek II of Ethiopia , explorer ofEastern Africa Wilhelm Junker , explorer of Eastern and Equatorial AfricaGrigory Langsdorf , explorer of Alaska and BrazilNicholai Miklukho-Maklai , anthropologist who lived and traveled among the natives ofPapua New Guinea andPacific islands , prominentanti-racist Afanasy Nikitin , one of the first Europeans to travel and to document his visit to India, author ofA Journey Beyond the Three Seas Yuri Senkevich , participant ofThor Heyerdahl 's voyages on theRa ,Ra II Tigris papyrus and reed boats), anchorman of theTravelers' Club TV show for the record 30 yearsExplorers of Central Asia [ edit ] Alexander Bekovich-Cherkassky , leader of the first Russian military expeditions intoCentral Asia , founder ofKrasnovodsk Nikolai Przhevalsky Alexey Fedchenko , naturalist and explorer, discovered theTrans-Alay Range inPamir Mountains Grigory Grum-Grshimailo , discoverer ofAyding Lake (the secondlowest land point on Earth)Nikolai Korzhenevskiy , explorer of the Pamir, discoverer of theAcademy of Sciences Range andPeak Korzhenevskaya Pyotr Kozlov , explorer ofMongolia ,Xinjiang andTibet , discoverer of the ancientTangut city ofKhara-Khoto Alexander Nevsky , medieval Russian Prince, saint and national hero, one of the first Europeans to travel intoMongolia (with hisbrother andfather )Ivan Petlin , first Russian to reach China on an official diplomatic mission, left a popular description of his journeyGrigory Potanin , explorer of Mongolia, Tibet and ChinaNikolai Przhevalsky , traveled over 40,000 km through Central Asia, discoveredthe only extant species of wild horse Nicholas Roerich , painter, philosopher, archeologist, writer and public figure, explorer of Mongolia, China and IndiaPyotr Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky Pyotr Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky , explorer of theTian Shan Mountains , discoverer of the PeakKhan Tengri , for 40 years the head of theRussian Geographical Society Gombojab Tsybikov , explorer and the first photographer ofTibet Pyotr Anjou , explorer of theNew Siberian Islands and Arctic coastlineFaddey Bellingshausen Faddey Bellingshausen , discoverer of AntarcticaVitus Bering , organiser of theGreat Northern Expedition , explorer of theBering Sea and theBering Strait Georgy Brusilov , commander ofSvyataya Anna The Two Captains Semion Chelyuskin , discoverer ofthe north extrimity ofEurasia ,Cape Chelyuskin Artur Chilingarov , leader of theArktika 2007 expedition, the first to reach the seabed under theNorth Pole Valery Chkalov , led the firsttranscontinental flight byairplane over the North PoleSemyon Dezhnyov , discoverer ofKolyma ,Chukchi Peninsula , Bering Strait andCape Dezhnyov Yakov Gakkel , oceanographer, creator of the firstbathymetric map of the Arctic OceanMatvei Gedenschtrom , explorer of the New Siberian Islands, discoverer ofSiberian polynya Maria Klenova , a founder ofmarine geology , made the first complete seabed map of theBarents Sea , one of the first women explorers ofAntarctic Ernst Krenkel ,radioman for many polar expeditions, set a world record of long-distance radio communication (betweenFranz Josef Land and Antarctica)Artur Chilingarov Dmitry Laptev , explorer of theLaptev Sea shoresKhariton Laptev , explorer of theLaptev Sea shoresMikhail Lazarev , discoverer of Antarctica, war heroFyodor Litke , explorer ofNovaya Zemlya , Bering Sea, and PacificStepan Makarov , oceanographer, builder ofthe first polar icebreaker , war heroStepan Malygin , author of the first Russian manual onnavigation , leader of the western unit of theGreat Northern Expedition Alexander Middendorf , explorer ofTaymyr Peninsula , founder ofpermafrost science, discoverer ofPutorana Plateau and theNorth Cape sea current Ivan Nagurski , first polaraviator Dmitry Ovtsyn , explorer ofTaymyr Peninsula , mapped theGydan Peninsula Pyotr Pakhtusov , explorer ofNovaya Zemlya Mikhail Lazarev Ivan Papanin , head of the firstdrifting ice station North Pole-1 Fedot Popov , discoverer of Chukotka and the Bering StraitVasili Pronchishchev , discovered theByrranga Mountains and multiple islands offTaymyr Peninsula Maria Pronchishcheva , first femaleArctic explorer Vladimir Rusanov , explorer of Novaya Zemlya andSvalbard , a prototype forThe Two Captains Anatoly Sagalevich , performed the world's deepest fresh water dive (1637 m inLake Baikal ), explored the remains ofRMSTitanic , the first to reach the seabed under the North PoleRudolf Samoylovich , founder of theArctic and Antarctic Research Institute , saver of theAirship Italia Yakov Sannikov , explorer of the New Siberian Islands, originated the legend about theSannikov Land Otto Schmidt , leader of the first passage of theNorthern Sea Route without wintering, supervised many Arctic expeditionsGeorgy Sedov , explorer of Novaya Zemlya and Kolyma River, died in attempt to reach the North Pole, a prototype forThe Two Captains Pyotr Shirshov , member of theNorth Pole-1 crew, founder ofShirshov Institute of Oceanology , proved that there is life in high latitudes of the Arctic OceanAlexander Sibiryakov , sponsor of the multiple expeditions inSiberia and theArctic , including that ofAdolf Erik Nordenskiöld Mikhail Somov , head of the secondSoviet drifting ice station North Pole-2, leader of the1st Soviet Antarctic Expedition , founder of the first Soviet Antarctic stationsMirny andVostok Eduard Toll , explorer ofYakutia and theArctic , died in search of the legendarySannikov Land Yevgeny Tolstikov , head of the North Pole-4, led the3rd Soviet Antarctic Expedition , discoverer of theGamburtsev Mountains Alexey Tryoshnikov , head of the North Pole-3, led the2nd and the13th Soviet Antarctic Expeditions Eduard Toll Nikolay Urvantsev , explorer of Severnaya Zemlya, discoverer ofnickel in Taimyr and founder ofNorilsk Georgy Ushakov , founder of the first settlement on theWrangel Island , explorer of Severnaya Zemlya, discoverer ofUshakov Island (the last unknown island outside any archipelago)Boris Vilkitsky , discoverer ofSevernaya Zemlya (the last archipelago on Earth to be explored), led the first voyage fromVladivostok toArkhangelsk via theNorthern Sea Route Vladimir Vize , scientific leader of many Arctic expeditions, predicted the location ofVize Island through the analysis of thepack ice movement in theKara Sea Vladimir Voronin , leader of the first passage of theNorthern Sea Route without wintering, captain ofSS Chelyuskin Ferdinand Wrangel , explorer of theEast Siberian Sea and AlaskaPavel Belyayev , member of the first two-person space crewYuri Gagarin Georgy Beregovoy , oldest human to go into space (by date of birth, 1921)Valery Bykovsky , performer of the longest solospaceflight Konstantin Feoktistov , member of the first three-person space crewYuri Gagarin , first ever human to travel intospace Yevgeny Khrunov , participant of the first dualspacewalk and crew transfer between spacecraftVladimir Komarov , member of the first three-person space crew, the first human to die during a space mission (landing accident)Sergei Krikalyov , accumulated most time in space (803 days) during six flightsAlexei Leonov , first to perform aspacewalk , a member of the first two-person space crew, space painterAlexei Leonov Musa Manarov , first to spend over a year in orbitAndrian Nikolayev , participant of the first parallel flight, the first to perform spacecraft-to-spacecraft communications, the first to spend two weeks in spaceValeri Polyakov , performer of the longest continuous spaceflight (437 days)Pavel Popovich , participant of the first parallel flight, the first to perform spacecraft-to-spacecraft communicationsSvetlana Savitskaya , second woman to fly into space, the first to perform aspacewalk Vitaly Sevastyanov , first to spend two weeks in spaceAnatoly Solovyev , person who made mostspacewalks and accumulated most time spacewalking (over 82 hours)Valentina Tereshkova , first woman and civilian in spaceValentina Tereshkova Gherman Titov , second human to orbit the Earth, the first who spent a whole day and slept in space, the youngest cosmonaut/astronaut so farVladimir Titov , first to spend over a year in orbitBoris Yegorov , member of the first three-person space crew, the first physician in spaceAleksei Yeliseyev , participant of the first dual spacewalk and crew transfer between spacecraftInventors and engineers [ edit ] Genrich Altshuller , inventor ofTRIZ Ivan Kulibin Ivan Kulibin , mechanic and optician, inventor ofsearchlight ,screw-drive elevator ,self-rolling carriage flywheel ,brake ,gear box , andbearing ),searchlight optical telegraph ,mechanic artificial leg Mikhail Lomonosov , polymath scientist and artist, inventor ofcoaxial rotor and the first modelhelicopter ,off-axis reflecting telescope andnight vision telescope , co-developedRussian porcelain and re-inventedsmalt Andrey Nartov , inventor ofmechanic slide rest ,rose engine lathe ,quick-firing battery ,cannon telescopic sight Peter the Great , monarch and craftsman, inventor ofdecimal currency ,yacht club ,sounding line with separating plummet, founder of theRussian Navy Andrey Nartov Vladimir Shukhov , polymath engineer, inventor ofthermal cracking ,thin-shell structure ,tensile structure ,hyperboloid structure ,gridshell and cylindricoil depot , builtShukhov Towers and created modern theory ofpipeline transport Leon Theremin , inventor andspy , createdtheremin ,terpsitone ,rhythmicon (the firstdrum machine ) andpassive resonant cavity bug , introducedinterlace techniqueAndrey Chokhov , maker of theTsar Cannon , the world'slargest bombard by caliber Vasily Degtyaryov , designer ofDegtyaryov -series firearms, inventor of self-loadingcarbine Ivan Fyodorov , 16th-century inventor ofmultibarreled mortar, introducedprinting to RussiaVladimir Fyodorov , inventor ofassault rifle (Fedorov Avtomat )Leonid Gobyato , inventor ofmodern mortar Mikhail Kalashnikov , inventor ofAK-47 andAK-74 assault rifles, world's most popular (produced more than all other types of assault rifles combined)Yuly Khariton , chief designer of theSoviet atomic bomb , co-developer of theTsar Bomb Sergei Korolyov , inventor of the firstintercontinental ballistic missile (R-7 Semyorka Mikhail Koshkin , designer ofT-34 Mikhail Kalashnikov Nikolai Lebedenko , designer of theTsar Tank , the largestarmoured vehicle in historyVictor Makeyev , developer of the first intercontinentalsubmarine-launched ballistic missile Nestor Makhno , anarchist, legendary inventor oftachanka Alexander Morozov , designer ofT-54/55 tank in history)Sergey Mosin , inventor of theMosin–Nagant rifle, one of the most produced in historyAlexander Nadiradze , inventor of mobileICBM (RT-21 Temp 2S RT-2PM Topol Andrey Nartov , polymath inventor, designedquick-firing battery andcannon telescopic sight Sergey Nepobedimy , designed the first supersonicanti-tank guided missile Sturm Sergey Mosin rocket weaponry Aleksandr Porokhovschikov , inventor ofVezdekhod continuous track tank , ortankette , and the firstcontinuous track amphibious ATV )Andrei Sakharov , physicist, inventor ofexplosively pumped flux compression generator , co-developer of theTsar Bomb ,Nobel Peace Prize winnerVladimir Simonov , inventor ofunderwater assault rifle Fedor Tokarev , designer ofTT-33 SVT-40 Vladimir Utkin , designer of therailway car -launchedICBM (RT-23 Molodets Ivan Vyrodkov , inventor ofsiege tower Land transport developers [ edit ] Fyodor Pirotsky Fyodor Blinov , inventor oftracked wagon and steam-poweredcaterpillar tractor Cherepanovs , Yefim and his son Miron, makers of the firststeam locomotive in RussiaIvan Elmanov , inventor ofmonorail Ivan Kulibin , mechanic and optician, inventor ofself-rolling carriage flywheel ,brake ,gear box , andbearing )Yury Lomonosov , designer of the first successful mainlinediesel locomotive Pavel Melnikov , Transport Minister, builder of the firstRussian Railways , introducedRussian broad gauge Fyodor Pirotsky , inventor ofrailway electrification system andelectric tram Leonty Shamshurenkov , inventor of the firstself-propelling carriage (a precursor toquadrocycle andautomobile )Pyotr Shilovsky , inventor ofgyrocar Rostislav Alexeyev , designer of high-speedRaketa hydrofoils andekranoplans , including theCaspian Sea Monster Alexey Krylov Anatoly Alexandrov , inventor ofdegaussing , developer ofnaval nuclear reactors (including one for the firstnuclear icebreaker )Mikhail Britnev , designer of the first metal-hull icebreaker Pilot Stefan Drzewiecki , inventor of electric-powered andmidget submarines , designed the first serial submarine, developed theblade element theory Boris Jacobi , inventor ofelectric boat , developer of modernnaval mining Alexei Krylov , inventor ofgyroscopic damping of ships, author of theinsubmersibility theoryFyodor Litke , explorer, inventor of recordingtide measurer Stepan Makarov , admiral, war hero, oceanographer, inventor oftorpedo boat tender , builder ofthe first polar icebreaker , author of the insubmersibility theoryStepan Makarov Victor Makeyev , developer of the first intercontinentalsubmarine-launched ballistic missile Ludvig Nobel , designer of the modernoil tanker Pavel Schilling , inventor ofelectric naval mine Igor Spassky , designer of theSea Launch platform and over 200nuclear submarines , including the world's largest submarines (Typhoon class Vladimir Yourkevitch , designer ofSS Normandie ship hull designAerospace engineers [ edit ] Rostislav Alexeyev , designer of high-speedRaketa hydrofoils andekranoplans , including theCaspian Sea Monster Oleg Antonov , designer of theAn -series aircraft, includingA-40 winged tank andAn-124 cargo aircraft , later modified to world's largestfixed-wing aircraft An-225 Georgy Babakin , designer of the firstsoft lander spacecraft Luna 9 Vladimir Barmin , designer of the first rocketlaunch complex (Baikonur Cosmodrome )Robert Bartini , developer ofekranoplans andVTOL amphibious aircraft , physicist, tutor to many other aerospace designersAlexander Bereznyak , designer of the first fighterrocket-powered aircraft ,BI-1 Georgy Beriev , designer of theBe -seriesamphibious aircraft Georgy Bothezat , inventor of thequadrotor helicopter , (The Flying Octopus Vladimir Chelomey , designer of the firstspace station Salyut 1 Proton rocket (the most used heavy lift launch system )Valentyn Glushko Evgeniy Chertovsky , inventor ofpressure suit Nicolas Florine , builder of the first successfultandem rotor helicopterValentyn Glushko , inventor ofhypergolic propellant andelectrically powered spacecraft propulsion , designer of the world's most powerfulliquid-fuel rocket engineRD-170 Pyotr Grushin , inventor ofanti-ballistic missile Mikhail Gurevich , designer of theMiG -series fighter aircraft, includingworld's most produced jet aircraft MiG-15 supersonic aircraft MiG-21 Sergey Ilyushin , designer of theIl -series fighter aircraft, includingIl-2 most produced military aircraft in history)Aleksei Isaev , designer of the firstrocket-powered fighter aircraft,BI-1 Mstislav Keldysh , co-developer of the firstsatellite (Sputnik Keldysh bomber Kerim Kerimov , the secret figure behind the Soviet space programNikolay Kamov , designer of theKa -seriescoaxial rotor helicoptersAlexander Kemurdzhian , inventor ofspace exploration rover (Lunokhod Nikolai Kibalchich , pioneer of rocketry, author of an earlypropulsive device designSergei Korolev ,the father of theSoviet space program , inventor of the firstintercontinental ballistic missile and the firstspace rocket (R-7 Semyorka satellite (Sputnik first human spaceflight Gleb Kotelnikov , inventor ofknapsack parachute anddrogue parachute Semyon Lavochkin , designer of theLa -series aircraft and the first operationalsurface-to-air missile S-25 Berkut Gleb Kotelnikov Mikhail Lomonosov , polymath, inventor ofcoaxial rotor and the firsthelicopter Gleb Lozino-Lozinskiy , designer of theBuran space shuttle andSpiral project Arkhip Lyulka , designer of theLyulka -seriesaircraft engines , including the first double jetturbofan Victor Makeyev , developer of the first intercontinentalSLBM Artem Mikoyan , designer of theMiG -series fighter aircraft, including world's most produced jetMiG-15 supersonic aircraft MiG-21 Mikhail Mil , designer of theMi -series helicopters, includingMil Mi-8 most produced helicopter ) andMil Mi-12 Alexander Mozhaysky , author of the first attempt to createheavier-than-air craft in Russia, designed the largest of 19th-centuryairplanes Alexander Nadiradze , designer of the first mobileICBM RT-21 Temp 2S RT-2PM Topol Nikolai Polikarpov , designer of thePo -series aircraft, includingPo-2 Kukuruznik most produced biplane )Mikhail Pogosyan , designer ofSukhoi aircraft, includingSu-47 ,Su-57 andSSJ 100 Alexander Procofieff de Seversky , inventor ofionocraft andgyroscopically stabilizedbombsight Guy Severin , designer of the firstspacewalk supporting systemIgor Sikorsky , inventor ofairliner andstrategic bomber (Sikorsky Ilya Muromets helicopter , founder of theSikorsky Aircraft Boris Shavyrin , inventor ofair-augmented rocket Pavel Sukhoi , designer of theSu -series fighter aircraftVladimir Syromyatnikov , designer of theAndrogynous Peripheral Attach System Mikhail Tikhonravov , designer ofSputniks , including the first artificial satelliteSputnik 1 Konstantin Tsiolkovsky , principal pioneer ofastronautics Alexei Tupolev , designer of theTu -series aircraft, including the firstsupersonic transport Tu-144 Andrei Tupolev , designer of the Tu-series aircraft, including theturboprop long-range airlinerTu-114 turboprop strategic bomberTu-95 Vladimir Vakhmistrov , supervisor ofZveno project (the first bomber withparasite aircraft )Alexander Yakovlev , designer of theYak -series aircraft, including the firstregional jet Yak-40 Friedrich Zander , designer of the firstliquid-fuel rocket in the Soviet Union,GIRD -X, pioneer of astronauticsNikolai Zhukovsky , founder of modernaero- andhydrodynamics , pioneer ofaviation Structural engineers [ edit ] Nikolai Belelubsky , major bridge designer, invented a number of construction schemesVladimir Shukhov Agustín de Betancourt , polymath-engineer, urban planner, designed theMoscow Manege and the giant dome ofSt. Isaac's Cathedral , foundedGoznak Vladimir Barmin , designer of the world's first rocketlaunch complex (Baikonur Cosmodrome )Akinfiy Demidov , built theLeaning Tower of Nevyansk (the first structure withrebars andcast iron cupola , as well as the firstlightning rod in Europe)Alexey Dushkin , designer of the firstdeep column station ,Mayakovskaya Alexander Hrennikoff , founder of theFinite Element Method Nikolai Nikitin , engineer of the largest Soviet structures:Moscow State University ,Luzhniki Stadium ,The Motherland Calls andOstankino Tower (once the world'stallest freestanding structure )Lavr Proskuryakov , builder of multiple bridges along theTrans-Siberian Railway , inventor and tutorVladimir Shukhov , engineer-polymath, inventor of breakthroughindustrial designs (hyperboloid structure ,thin-shell structure ,tensile structure ,gridshell ), builder ofShukhov Towers and multiple other structuresElectrical engineers [ edit ] Schilling Zhores Alferov , physicist, inventor ofheterotransistor ,Nobel Prize winnerNikolay Benardos , inventor ofcarbon arc welding (the first practicalarc welding method)Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky , inventor ofthree-phase electric power Boris Jacobi , inventor ofelectroplating ,electrotyping ,galvanoplastic sculpture andelectric boat Konstantin Khrenov , inventor ofunderwater welding Alexander Lodygin , one of the inventors ofincandescent light bulb , inventor ofelectric streetlight andtungsten filament Oleg Losev , inventor oflight-emitting diode andcrystadine Vasily Petrov , inventor ofelectric arc andarc welding Fyodor Pirotsky , inventor ofrailway electrification system andelectric tram Alexander Poniatoff , inventor ofvideotape recorder Pavel Yablochkov Georg Wilhelm Richmann , inventor ofelectrometer , died fromball lightning during an experimentPavel Schilling , inventor ofshielded cable ,electric mine andelectromagnetic telegraph Nikolay Slavyanov , inventor ofshielded metal arc welding Aleksandr Stoletov , physicist, inventor ofphotoelectric cell Pavel Yablochkov , inventor ofYablochkov candle (the first commercially viableelectric lamp ),transformer andheadlamp Georgy Adelson-Velsky , inventor ofAVL tree algorithm, developer ofKaissa (the firstWorld Computer Chess Champion )Boris Babayan , developer of theElbrus supercomputers Sergey Brin , inventor of theGoogle web search engine Nikolay Brusentsov , inventor ofternary computer (Setun Mikhail Donskoy , leading developer ofKaissa , the first computer chess championVictor Glushkov , founder ofcybernetics , inventor of the firstpersonal computer MIR Anatoly Karatsuba , developed theKaratsuba algorithm (the first fastmultiplication algorithm )Yevgeny Kaspersky , developer of Kasperskyanti-virus products Leonid Khachiyan , developed theEllipsoid algorithm forlinear programming Semen Korsakov , first to usepunched cards for information storage and searchEvgeny Landis , inventor ofAVL tree algorithmAlexey Pajitnov Sergey Lebedev , developer of the first Soviet and Europeanelectronic computers ,MESM andBESM Vladimir Levenshtein , developed theLevenshtein automaton ,Levenshtein coding andLevenshtein distance Willgodt Theophil Odhner , inventor of theOdhner Arithmometer , the most popular mechanical calculator in the 20th centuryAlexey Pajitnov , inventor ofTetris Eugene Roshal , developer of theFAR file manager ,RAR file format ,WinRAR file archiver Valentin Turchin , inventor ofRefal programming language , introducedmetasystem transition andsupercompilation Optics and photography pioneers [ edit ] Franz Aepinus , inventor ofachromatic microscope Dmitry Maksutov Nikolay Basov , physicist, co-inventor oflaser andmaser ,Nobel Prize winnerYuri Denisyuk , inventor of3D holography Semyon Kirlian , inventor ofKirlian photography Ivan Kulibin , polymath inventor, introducedcandle searchlight andsearchlight -basedoptical telegraph Sergey Levitsky , inventor of thebellows camera, one of the earliest photography pioneersMikhail Lomonosov , polymath scientist and artist, inventor ofoff-axis reflecting telescope andnight vision telescope Alexander Makarov , inventor oforbitrap Dmitry Maksutov , inventor of theMaksutov telescope Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky Boris Mamyrin , inventor ofreflectron Alexander Prokhorov , physicist, co-inventor oflaser andmaser , Nobel Prize winnerSergey Prokudin-Gorsky , pioneer ofcolour photography , inventor of colourfilm slides and colourmotion pictures , famous for his multiple colour photos ofRussian Empire Yevgeny Zavoisky , inventor ofEPR spectroscopy , co-developer ofNMR spectroscopy Communication engineers [ edit ] Alexander Popov Hovannes Adamian , inventor of the firstRGB -based mechanical colour TV systemLeonid Kupriyanovich , inventor of man-portablemobile phone and pocketmobile phone Oleg Losev , inventor ofcrystadine radioConstantin Perskyi , inventor of the word "television", TV pioneerAlexander Popov , inventor oflightning detector , one of theinventors of radio Boris Rosing , the first to usecathode-ray tube in aTV systemPavel Schilling , inventor ofelectric telegraph Leon Theremin , polymath, inventor ofinterlace Vladimir Zworykin , "the father of television", inventor oficonoscope andkinescope Musical instrument makers [ edit ] Vasily Andreyev Vasily Andreyev , developed the standardbalalaika , reviveddomra andgusli Vladimir Baranov-Rossine , inventor ofOptophonic Piano Motorins , Ivan his son Mikhail, makers of theTsar Bell , thelargest bell in the world Yevgeny Murzin , inventor of theANS synthesizer Andrei Sychra , inventor of theRussian guitar Leon Theremin , inventor oftheremin (the first successfulelectronic musical instrument ),terpsitone andrhythmicon (the firstdrum machine )Miscellaneous inventors [ edit ] Vitaly Abalakov , mountaineer, inventor of thecamming devices andV-thread Sergey Malyutin 'Alexandre Alexeieff , inventor ofpinscreen animationAnatoly Kharlampiev , developer ofsambo martial art Yuri Leonidovich Belousov , researcher and engineerLisitsyns family, producers of the first Russiansamovars Sergey Malyutin , painter, inventor ofmatryoshka doll Vera Mukhina , sculptor, inventor ofwelded sculpture Lucien Olivier , inventor ofSalad Olivier Ivan Polzunov , inventor of the two-cylindersteam engine Franz San Galli Scientists and scholars [ edit ] Alexander Borodin , chemist and composer, author of the famous operaPrince Igor Borodin reaction , co-discoveredAldol reaction Alexander Chizhevsky , interdisciplinary scientist, biophysicist, philosopher and artist, founder ofheliobiology and modernair ionification ,Russian cosmist Mikhail Lomonosov , polymath scientist, artist and inventor; founder of theMoscow State University ; proposed the law ofconservation of matter ; disproved thephlogiston theory ; inventedcoaxial rotor and the firsthelicopter ;Mikhail Lomonosov night vision telescope andoff-axis reflecting telescope ; discovered theatmosphere of Venus ; suggested theorganic origin ofsoil ,peat ,coal ,petroleum andamber ; pioneered the research ofatmospheric electricity ; coined the termphysical chemistry freezing ofmercury ; co-developed theRussian porcelain , re-discoveredsmalt and created a number ofmosaics dedicated toPetrine era ; author of an early account ofRussian history and the first opponent of theNormanist theory ; reformed Russian literary language by combiningOld Church Slavonic with vernacular tongue in his early grammar; influencedRussian poetry through hisodes Vladimir Obruchev , geologist, paleontologist, geographer and explorer ofSiberia andCentral Asia , author of the comprehensiveGeology ofSiberia and two popularscience fiction novels,Plutonia Sannikov Land Peter Simon Pallas , polymath naturalist, geographer, ethnographer, philologist, explorer ofEuropean Russia andSiberia , discoverer of the firstpallasite meteorite (Krasnojarsk meteorite ) and multiple animals, including thePallas's cat ,Pallas's squirrel , andPallas's gull Yakov Perelman , a founder ofpopular science , author of many popular books, including thePhysics Can Be Fun andMathematics Can Be Fun Pyotr Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky , geographer, geologist, entomologist, explorer of theTian Shan Mountains , discoverer of the PeakKhan Tengri , for 40 years the head of theRussian Geographical Society , statistician, organiser of the firstRussian Empire Census Vasily Tatishchev , statesman, economist, geographer, ethnographer, philologist and historian, supervisor of the first instrumental mapping of Russia, coloniser of theUrals and Siberia, founder ofPerm andYekaterinburg , discovered and publishedRusskaya Pravda Sudebnik Ioachim Chronicle encyclopedic dictionary ofRussian language Vladimir Vernadsky , philosopher, geologist, a founder ofgeochemistry ,biogeochemistry andradiogeology , creator ofnoosphere theory, popularized the termbiosphere Russian cosmist Ivan Yefremov , paleontologist, philosopher, sci-fi and historical novelist, founder oftaphonomy , author ofThe Land of Foam Andromeda: A Space-Age Tale Thais of Athens Maukhida Abdulkabirova , geologist and metallurgistKarl Baer , naturalist, formulated the geologicalBaer's law onriver erosion Ivan Chersky , geologist, explorer ofSiberia , explained the origin ofLake Baikal , pioneered thegeomorphological evolution theoryAlexander Fersman , a founder ofgeochemistry , discoveredcopper inMonchegorsk ,apatites inKhibiny ,sulfur inCentral Asia Boris Golitsyn , inventor ofelectromagnetic seismograph , the President ofInternational Association ofSeismology Ivan Gubkin , founder of theGubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas Alexander Karpinsky , geologist and mineralogist, the first President of theSoviet Academy of Sciences Vladimir Köppen ,meteorologist , author of the commonly usedKöppen climate classification Stepan Krasheninnikov , geographer, the first Russian naturalist, made the first scientific description ofKamchatka Pyotr Shirshov , polar explorer, founder of theShirshov Institute of Oceanology , proved that there is life in high latitudes of the Arctic OceanYuly Shokalsky , first head of theSoviet Geographical Society , coined the termWorld Ocean Vladimir Vernadsky , philosopher, geologist, a founder ofgeochemistry ,biogeochemistry andradiogeology , creator ofnoosphere theory, popularized the termbiosphere Biologists and paleontologists [ edit ] Johann Friedrich Adam , discovered theAdams mammoth , the first completewoolly mammoth skeletonAndrey Bolotov Karl Baer , naturalist, founded theRussian Entomological Society , formulatedembryological Baer's laws Nikolai Bernstein , neurophysiologist, coined the term "biomechanics "Andrey Bolotov , major 18th-centuryagriculturist , discovereddichogamy , pioneeredcross-pollination Alexander Chizhevsky , founder ofheliobiology and modernair ionification Andrey Famintsyn ,plant physiologist , inventor ofgrow lamp , developer ofsymbiogenesis theoryYuri Filipchenko , entomologist, coined the termsmicroevolution macroevolution Johann Georg Gmelin , the first researcher ofSiberian floraDmitry Ivanovsky Alexander Gurwitsch , originated themorphogenetic field theory and discovered thebiophoton Ilya Ivanov , researcher ofartificial insemination and theinterspecific hybridization of animals, attempted to create ahuman-ape hybrid Dmitry Ivanovsky , discoverer ofviruses Georgii Karpechenko , inventor ofrabbage (the first ever non-sterilehybrid obtained throughcrossbreeding )Nikolai Koltsov , discoverer ofcytoskeleton Vladimir Komarov ,plant geographer , President of theSoviet Academy of Sciences , founder of theKomarov Botanical Institute Ilya Mechnikov , pioneer researcher ofimmune system ,probiotics andphagocytosis , coined the termgerontology Nobel Prize in Medicine winnerKonstantin Merezhkovsky , majorlichenologist , developer ofsymbiogenesis theory, a founder ofendosymbiosis theoryIvan Michurin ,pomologist ,selectionist andgeneticist , practicedcrossing of geographically distant plants, created hundreds of fruitcultivars Ivan Michurin Alexander Middendorf , zoologist and explorer, studied the influence ofpermafrost on living beings, coined the termradula horse breeder Victor Motschulsky , prominent researcher ofbeetles Sergei Navashin , discovereddouble fertilization Alexey Olovnikov , predicted existence ofTelomerase , suggested theTelomere hypothesis of aging and theTelomere relations to cancer Aleksandr Oparin , biologist andbiochemist , proposed the "Primordial soup " theory oflife origin , showed that manyfood production processes are based onbiocatalysis Heinz Christian Pander , embryologist, discoveredgerm layers Peter Simon Pallas , polymath naturalist, explorer, discoverer of multiple animals, including thePallas's cat ,Pallas's squirrel , andPallas's gull Ivan Pavlov , founder of modernphysiology , the first to researchclassical conditioning , Nobel Prize in Medicine winnerNikolai Vavilov Vladimir Pravdich-Neminsky , published the firstEEG and theevoked potential of the mammalian brainCarl Schmidt , researcher of biochemical crystal structures, proved the chemical similarity of animal and plant cellsBoris Schwanwitsch , entomologist, applied colour patterns of insect wings tomilitary camouflage during World War IIIvan Sechenov , founder ofelectrophysiology andneurophysiology Georg Wilhelm Steller , naturalist, participant ofVitus Bering 's voyages, discoverer ofSteller's jay ,Steller's eider , extinctSteller's sea cow and multiple other animalsLina Stern , pioneer researcher ofblood–brain barrier Armen Takhtajan , developer ofTakhtajan system offlowering plant classification, majorbiogeographer Kliment Timiryazev , plant physiologist and evolutionist, major researcher ofchlorophyll Sergey Vinogradsky Lev Tsenkovsky , pioneer researcher of theontogenesis oflower plants and animalsMikhail Tsvet , inventor ofchromatography Nikolai Vavilov , botanist and geneticist, gathered the world's largest collection of plantseeds , identified thecentres of origin of main cultivated plants Sergey Vinogradsky , microbiologist, ecologist and soil scientist, pioneered thebiogeochemical cycle concept, discoveredlithotrophy andchemosynthesis , invented theWinogradsky column for breeding ofmicroorganisms Ivan Yefremov , paleontologist, sci-fi author, foundedtaphonomy Sergey Zimov , creator of thePleistocene Park Physicians and psychologists [ edit ] Ilya Mechnikov Ivan Pavlov Ivan Sechenov Vladimir Bekhterev , neuropathologist, founder ofobjective psychology , noted the role of thehippocampus in memory, a developer ofreflexology , studied theBekhterev's Disease Vladimir Betz , discoveredBetz cells ofprimary motor cortex Sergey Botkin , majortherapist and court physicianNikolay Burdenko , major developer ofneurosurgery Konstantin Buteyko , developed theButeyko method for the treatment of breathing disordersVladimir Demikhov , major pioneer oftransplantology Vladimir Filatov ,ophthalmologist ,corneal transplantation pioneerSvyatoslav Fyodorov , inventor ofradial keratotomy Georgy Gause , inventor ofgramicidin S and otherantibiotics Oleg Gazenko , founder ofspace medicine ; selected and trainedLaika , the firstspace dog Vera Gedroitz , first female Professor ofSurgery in the worldWaldemar Haffkine , invented the first vaccines againstcholera andbubonic plague Gavriil Ilizarov , inventedIlizarov apparatus , developeddistraction osteogenesis Nikolai Korotkov , inventedauscultatory blood pressure measurement , pioneeredvascular surgery Sergey Korsakov , studied the effects ofalcoholism on thenervous system , describedKorsakoff's syndrome , introducedparanoia conceptAleksey Leontyev , founder ofactivity theory in psychologyPeter Lesgaft , founder of the modern system ofphysical education in RussiaAlexander Luria , co-developer of activity theory andcultural-historical psychology , major researcher ofaphasia Ilya Mechnikov , pioneer researcher ofimmune system ,probiotics andphagocytosis ; coined the termgerontology Nobel Prize in Medicine winnerPyotr Nikolsky ,dermatologist , discoverer ofNikolsky's sign Alexey Olovnikov , predicted existence ofTelomerase , suggested theTelomere hypothesis of aging and theTelomere relations to cancer Ivan Pavlov , founder of modernphysiology , the first to researchclassical conditioning , Nobel Prize in Medicine winnerNikolay Pirogov , pioneer ofether anaesthesia and modernfield surgery , the first to perform anaesthesia in the field conditions, invented a number of surgical operationsLeonid Rogozov , performed anappendectomy on himself during the sixthSoviet Antarctic Expedition , a famous case ofself-surgery Grigory Rossolimo , pioneer of childneuropsychology Ivan Sechenov , founder ofelectrophysiology andneurophysiology , author of the classic workReflexes of theBrain Victor Skumin , describedSkumin syndrome Lina Stern , pioneer researcher ofblood–brain barrier Fyodor Uglov , oldest practicing surgeon in historyAlexander Varshavsky , researchedubiquitination ,Wolf Prize in Medicine winnerLuka Voyno-Yasenetsky , founder ofpurulent surgery , saintLev Vygotsky , founder ofcultural-historical psychology , major contributor tochild development andpsycholinguistics , introducedzone of proximal development andcultural mediation conceptsJosias Weitbrecht , first to describe the construction and function ofintervertebral discs Sergei Yudin , inventor ofcadaveric blood transfusion Bluma Zeigarnik , psychiatrist, discovered theZeigarnik effect , founded experimentalpsychopathology Economists and sociologists [ edit ] Alexander Chayanov , developed theconsumption-labour-balance principle Leonid Kantorovich Georges Gurvitch , major developer ofsociology of knowledge andsociology of law Leonid Kantorovich , mathematician and economist, foundedlinear programming , developed the theory ofoptimal allocation of resources,Nobel Prize in Economics winnerNikolai Kondratiev , discoverer of theKondratiev waves Andrey Korotayev , historian, anthropologist, a founder ofcliodynamics , prominent developer ofsocial cycle theory Gleb Krzhizhanovsky , developer of theGOELRO plan , the first Chief ofGosplan Simon Kuznets , discovered theKuznets swings , built theKuznets curve , disproved theAbsolute Income Hypothesis , Nobel Prize in Economics winnerVladimir Lenin , leader of theOctober Revolution and founder of the Soviet Union, introducedplanned economy andLeninism Pitirim Sorokin Evsei Liberman , laid the scientific support for the SovietKosygin reform in economyWassily Leontief , developedinput-output analysis and theLeontief paradox , Nobel Prize in Economics winnerVasily Nemchinov , created the mathematical basis for the Sovietcentral planning Grigory Orlov , founder of theFree Economic Society Pitirim Sorokin , sociologist, a prominent developer of thesocial cycle theory Stanislav Strumilin , pioneer of theplanned economy , developed the firstfive-year plans Historians and archaeologists [ edit ] Mikhail Artamonov , historian and archaeologist,Mikhail Artamonov Khazar studies, excavated a great number ofScythian and Khazarkurgans and settlements, includingSarkel Artemiy Artsikhovsky , archaeologist, discoverer ofbirch bark documents inNovgorod Vasily Bartold ,turkologist , the "Gibbon ofTurkestan ", archaeologist ofSamarcand Konstantin Bestuzhev-Ryumin , 19th-century historian andpaleographer , founder of theBestuzhev Courses for womenNikita Bichurin , a founder ofSinology , published many documents onChinese andMongolian history , opened the first Chinese-language school in RussiaNikolay Danilevsky , ethnologist, philosopher and historian, a founder ofEurasianism , the first to present an account of history as a series of distinctcivilisations Igor Diakonov , historian and linguist, a prominent researcher ofSumer andAssyria Boris Farmakovsky , archaeologist ofAncient Greek colonyOlbia Nikolay Danilevsky Vladimir Golenishchev , egyptologist, excavatedWadi Hammamat , discovered over 6,000 antiquities, including theMoscow Mathematical Papyrus Story of Wenamun Fayum portraits Timofey Granovsky , a founder ofmediaeval studies in Russia, disproved the historicity ofVineta Boris Grekov , major researcher ofKievan Rus' and theGolden Horde Lev Gumilev , historian and ethnologist, prominent researcher of the ancientCentral Asian peoples, relatedethnogenesis andbiosphere , influenced the rise ofNeo-Eurasianism Boris Hessen , physicist who broughtexternalism into modernhistoriography of science Pyotr Kafarov , prominent sinologist, discoveredThe Secret History of the Mongols Nikolai Karamzin ,sentimentalist writer and historian, author of the 12-volumeHistory of the Russian State Nikolai Karamzin Vasily Klyuchevsky , dominated Russian historiography at the turn of the 20th century, shifted focus from politics and society to geography and economyAlexander Kazhdan ,Byzantinist , editor of theOxford Dictionary of Byzantium Nikodim Kondakov , prominent researcher ofByzantine art Andrey Korotayev , historian and anthropologist, a founder ofcliodynamics , prominent developer ofsocial cycle theory Pyotr Kozlov , explorer of Central Asia, discoverer of the ancientTangut city ofKhara-Khoto andXiongnu royal burials atNoin-Ula Nikolay Likhachyov , first and foremost Russiansigillographer , major developer of auxiliary historical disciplinesAleksey Lobanov-Rostovsky , statesman, published the majorRussianGenealogical Book Mikhail Lomonosov , polymath scientist and artist, the first opponent of theNormanist theory , published an early account of Russian historyFriedrich Martens , legal historian, drafted theMartens Clause of theHague Peace Conference Nestor the Chronicler Vladimir Minorsky , prominent historian ofPersia Yagutil Mishiev , author of books about the history ofDerbent ,Dagestan , RussiaGerhardt Friedrich Müller , co-founder of theRussian Academy of Sciences , explorer and the first academic historian ofSiberia , a founder ofethnography , author of the first academic account ofRussian history , put forth theNormanist theory Aleksei Musin-Pushkin , prominent collector of ancient Russian manuscripts, discoverer ofThe Tale of Igor's Campaign Nestor the Chronicler , author of thePrimary Chronicle East Slavic chronicle) and severalhagiographies , saintAlexey Okladnikov , prominent historian and archaeologist ofSiberia andMongolia Sergey Oldenburg , a founder of RussianIndology and theAcademic Institute of Oriental Studies George Ostrogorsky , preeminent 20th-centuryByzantinist Avraamy Palitsyn , 17th-century historian of theTime of Troubles Anna Pankratova (1897–1957), leading Soviet historianEvgeny Pashukanis , legal historian, wroteThe General Theory of Law andMarxism Tatyana Proskuryakova Boris Piotrovsky , prominent researcher ofUrartu ,Scythia , andNubia , long-term director of theHermitage Museum Mikhail Piotrovsky , orientalist, current director of theHermitage Museum Mikhail Pogodin , leading mid-19th-century Russian historian, proponent of theNormanist theory Mikhail Pokrovsky ,Marxist historian prominent in the 1920sNatalia Polosmak , archaeologist ofPazyryk burials , discoverer ofPazyryk Ice Maiden Alexander Polovtsov , statesman, historian andMaecenas , founder of the Russian Historian SocietyTatyana Proskuryakova ,Mayanist scholar and archaeologist, deciphered the ancientMaya script Semyon Remezov , cartographer and the first historian ofSiberia , author of theRemezov Chronicle Mikhail Rostovtsev , archeologist and economist, the first to thoroughly examine the social and economic systems of theAncient World , excavatedDura-Europos Sergey Solovyov Nicholas Roerich , painter, archeologist, explorer of Central Asia, initiated the internationalRoerich's Pact on historical monuments protectionSergei Rudenko , discoverer ofScythian Pazyryk burials Boris Rybakov , historian and chief Soviet archaeologist for 40 years, primary opponent of theNormanist theory Viktor Sarianidi , discoverer of theBactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex and theBactrian Gold Mikhail Shcherbatov , man ofRussian Enlightenment , conservative historianSergey Solovyov , principal Russian 19th-century historian, author of the 29-volumeHistory of Russia Vasily Struve , orientalist and historian of theAncient World , put forth theMarxist theory of five socio-economic formations that dominated the Soviet educationYevgeny Tarle , author of the famous studies onNapoleon's invasion of Russia and on theCrimean War Vasily Tatischev Vasily Tatischev , statesman, geographer and historian, discovered and published theRusskaya Pravda Sudebnik Ioachim Chronicle Mikhail Tikhomirov , majorpaleographer , published theComplete Collection of Russian Chronicles Boris Turayev , author of the first full-scaleHistory ofAncient East Peter Turchin , population biologist and historian, coined the termcliodynamics Aleksey Uvarov , founder of the first Russian archaeological society, discovered over 750 ancientkurgans Nikolai Yadrintsev , discoverer ofGenghis Khan 's capitalKarakorum and theOrkhon script of ancientTürks Valentin Yanin , preeminent researcher ofbirch bark documents Dmitry Yurasov , historian of soviet repressionLinguists and ethnographers [ edit ] Vasily Abaev , major researcher ofIranian languages Ivan Baudouin de Courtenay Alexander Afanasyev , leading Russianfolklorist , recorded and published over 600Russian fairy tales , by far the largest folktale collection by any one man in the worldIvan Baudouin de Courtenay , co-invented the concept ofphoneme and the systematic treatment oflinguistical alternations , pioneeredsynchronic analysis andmathematical linguistics Vladimir Bogoraz , researcher ofChukchi people , founder of theInstitute of the Peoples of the North Otto von Böhtlingk , prominentIndologist andSanskrit grammarian Fyodor Buslaev , philologist and folklorist, representative of theMythological school ofcomparative literature Marina Butovskaya ,ethologist and cultural anthropologistVladimir Dahl ,Russian language lexicographer of the 19th century, folklorist andturkologist , author of theExplanatory Dictionary of the Live Great Russian language Johann Gottlieb Georgi , explorer, published the first full-scale work on ethnography ofindigenous peoples of Russia Dmitry Gerasimov , medieval translator, diplomat and philologist, correspondent of EuropeanRenaissance scholarsVladimir Dahl Vladislav Illich-Svitych , founder ofNostratic linguisticsVyacheslav Ivanov , founder ofglottalic theory ofIndo-European consonantism Roman Jakobson , preeminent 20th-century linguist and literary theorist, a founder ofphonology , majorSlavist , author ofJackobson's Communication Model Pyotr Kafarov , prominentsinologist , developed thecyrillization of Chinese , discoveredThe Secret History of the Mongols Yuri Knorozov , linguist,epigrapher and ethnographer, deciphered theMaya script , proposed a decipherment for theIndus script Nikolay Krushevsky , co-inventor of the concept ofphoneme and the systematic treatment of linguistical alternationsGerasim Lebedev , pioneer ofIndology , introducedBengali script typing to Europe, founded the first European-styletheater in IndiaDmitry Likhachov , major 20th-century expert onOld East Slavic and literatureNicholai Miklukho-Maklai Mikhail Lomonosov , polymath scientist and artist, wrote agrammar that reformed Russian literary language by combiningOld Church Slavonic with vernacular tongueNikolay Lvov , polymath artist and scientist, compiled the first significant collection ofRussian folk songs , published epicbylinas Richard Maack , naturalist and ethnographer ofSiberia Sergey Malov , turkologist, classified theTurkic alphabets , deciphered the ancientOrkhon script Nicholas Marr , put forth a pseudo-linguisticJaphetic theory origin of language Igor Melchuk , structural linguist, author ofMeaning-Text Theory Nicholai Miklukho-Maklai , anthropologist who lived and traveled among the natives ofPapua New Guinea andPacific islands , prominentanti-racist Semyon Novgorodov ,Yakut politician and linguist, creator of writtenYakut language (Sakha scripts )Nikolai Trubetzkoy Stephan of Perm , 14th-century missionary, convertedKomi Permyaks to Christianity and invented theOld Permic script Yevgeny Polivanov , linguist, orientalist andpolyglot , developed thecyrillization of Japanese Nicholas Poppe , prominentAltaic-language researcherVladimir Propp ,formalist scholar, major researcher offolk tales andmythology Isaac Jacob Schmidt , first researcher ofMongolian language Leopold von Schrenck , naturalist and ethnographer, coined the termPaleo-Asiatic peoplesPeter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography Aleksey Shakhmatov , founder oftextology , prepared major 20th-centuryreforms of Russian orthography , pioneered the systematic research ofOld Russian and medievalRussian literature Andrey Zaliznyak Lev Shcherba ,phonetician andphonologist , author of theglokaya kuzdra Fyodor Shcherbatskoy ,Indologist , initiated the scholarly study ofBuddhist philosophy in the WestIzmail Sreznevsky , leading 19th-centurySlavist , publishedCodex Zographensis Codex Marianus Kiev Fragments Sergei Starostin , prominent supporter ofAltaic theory, proposed theDené–Caucasian languages macrofamily , reconstructed several Eurasian proto-languagesVasily Tatischev , geographer, ethnographer and historian, compiled the first encyclopedicdictionary ofRussian language Tenevil ,Chukchi reindeer herder who created a writing system for theChukchi language Nikolai Trubetzkoy , principal developer ofphonology and inventor ofmorphophonology , definedphoneme , a founder of thePrague School ofstructural linguistics Dmitry Ushakov , author of the academicExplanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language Ludwik Zamenhof Max Vasmer , leadingIndo-European ,Finno-Ugric andTurkic etymologist , author of theEtymological dictionary of theRussian language Viktor Vinogradov , linguist and philologist, founder of theRussian Language Institute Alexander Vostokov , coined the termOld Church Slavonic Ostromir Gospel East Slavic language ), pioneered the research ofRussian grammar Andrey Zaliznyak , author of the comprehensive systematic description of Russianinflection , prominent researcher of theOld Novgorod dialect andbirch bark documents , proved the authenticity of theTale of Igor's Campaign L. L. Zamenhof , inventor ofEsperanto , the most widely spokenconstructed international auxiliary language Aleksandr Aleksandrov , developer ofCAT(k) space andAlexandrov's uniqueness theorem in geometryPafnuti Chebyshev Pavel Alexandrov , author of theAlexandroff compactification and theAlexandrov topology Dmitri Anosov , developedAnosov diffeomorphism Vladimir Arnold , an author of theKolmogorov–Arnold–Moser theorem indynamical systems , solvedHilbert's 13th problem , raised theADE classification andArnold's rouble problems Sergey Bernstein , developed theBernstein polynomial ,Bernstein's theorem andBernstein inequalities in probability theory Nikolay Bogolyubov , mathematician and theoretical physicist, author of theedge-of-the-wedge theorem ,Krylov–Bogolyubov theorem ,describing function and multiple contributions toquantum mechanics Nikolai Chebotaryov , author ofChebotarev's density theorem Pafnuti Chebyshev , prominent tutor and founding father of Russian mathematics,Leonhard Euler probability ,statistics andnumber theory , author of theChebyshev's inequality ,Chebyshev distance ,Chebyshev function ,Chebyshev equation Boris Delaunay , inventor ofDelaunay triangulation , organised the firstSoviet Student Olympiad in mathematicsVladimir Drinfeld , mathematician and theoretical physicist, introducedquantum groups andADHM construction ,Fields Medal winnerEugene Dynkin , developedDynkin diagram ,Doob–Dynkin lemma andDynkin system inalgebra andprobability Leonhard Euler , preeminent 18th-century mathematician, arguably the greatest of all time, made important discoveries inmathematical analysis ,graph theory and number theory, introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation (mathematical function ,Euler's number ,Euler circles etc.)Yevgraf Fyodorov , identifiedPeriodic graph in geometry, the first to identify all of the 230space groups of crystalsBoris Galerkin , developed theGalerkin method innumerical analysis Sofia Kovalevskaya Israel Gelfand , contributed to many areas of mathematics, includinggroup theory ,representation theory andlinear algebra , author of theGelfand representation ,Gelfand pair ,Gelfand triple ,integral geometry ; Wolf Prize winnerAlexander Gelfond , author ofGelfond's theorem , provided means to obtain infinite number oftranscendentals , includingGelfond–Schneider constant andGelfond's constant ,Wolf Prize in Mathematics winnerMikhail Gromov , a prominent developer ofgeometric group theory , inventor ofhomotopy principle , introduced Gromov's compactness theorems ingeometry andtopology ,Gromov norm ,Gromov product ; Wolf Prize winnerLeonid Kantorovich , founder oflinear programming , introduced theKantorovich inequality andKantorovich metric , developed the theory ofoptimal allocation of resources,Nobel Prize in Economics winnerAleksandr Khinchin , developed thePollaczek-Khinchine formula ,Wiener–Khinchin theorem andKhinchin inequality in probabilityNikolai Lobachevsky Andrey Kolmogorov , preeminent 20th-century mathematician, Wolf Prize winner; developedprobability axioms ,Chapman–Kolmogorov equation andKolmogorov extension theorem inprobability ;Kolmogorov complexity Maxim Kontsevich , author of theKontsevich integral andKontsevich quantization formula , Fields Medal winnerSofia Kovalevskaya , the first woman professor in Northern Europe and Russia, the first female professor of mathematics, discovered theKovalevskaya top Mark Krein , developed theTannaka–Krein duality ,Krein–Milman theorem andKrein space , Wolf Prize winnerNikolay Krylov , author of theedge-of-the-wedge theorem ,Krylov–Bogolyubov theorem anddescribing function Yuri Linnik , developedLinnik's theorem inanalytic number theory Nikolai Lobachevsky , aCopernicus ofGeometry non-Euclidean geometry (Lobachevskian orhyperbolic geometry )Aleksandr Lyapunov Nikolai Lusin , developedLuzin's theorem ,Luzin spaces andLuzin sets indescriptive set theory Aleksandr Lyapunov , founder ofstability theory , author of theLyapunov's central limit theorem ,Lyapunov equation ,Lyapunov fractal ,Lyapunov time Yuri Manin , author of theGauss–Manin connection inalgebraic geometry ,Manin-Mumford conjecture andManin obstruction indiophantine geometry Grigory Margulis , worked onlattices inLie groups , Wolf Prize andFields Medal winnerAndrey Markov , invented theMarkov chains , provedMarkov brothers' inequality , author of thehidden Markov model ,Markov number ,Markov property ,Markov's inequality ,Markov processes ,Markov random field ,Markov algorithm Yuri Matiyasevich , author ofMatiyasevich's theorem inset theory , provided negative solution forHilbert's tenth problem Pyotr Novikov , solved theword problem for groups andBurnside's problem Andrey Markov Sergey Novikov , worked onalgebraic topology andsoliton theory , developedAdams–Novikov spectral sequence andNovikov conjecture , Wolf Prize and Fields Medal winnerAndrei Okounkov , researcher ofinfinite symmetric groups andHilbert scheme , Fields Medal winnerMikhail Ostrogradsky , mathematician and physicist, author ofdivergence theorem andpartial fractions in integration Grigori Perelman , major contributor toRiemannian geometry andtopology , provedGeometrization conjecture andPoincaré conjecture , won aFields medal and the first ClayMillennium Prize Problems Award (declined both)Lev Pontryagin , blind mathematician, developedPontryagin duality andPontryagin classes in topology, andPontryagin's minimum principle inoptimal control Lev Schnirelmann , developed theLusternik–Schnirelmann category in topology andSchnirelmann density of numbersSergei Sobolev Moses Schönfinkel , inventor ofcombinatory logic Yakov Sinai , developed theKolmogorov–Sinai entropy andSinai billiard , Wolf and Abel Prize winnerStanislav Smirnov , prominent researcher oftriangular lattice , Fields MedalistSergei Sobolev , introduced theSobolev spaces andmathematical distributions , co-developed the firstternary computer Setun Vladimir Steklov , founder ofSteklov Institute of Mathematics , proved theorems ongeneralized Fourier series Jakow Trachtenberg , developed theTrachtenberg system ofmental calculation Andrey Tikhonov , author ofTikhonov regularization ofill-posed problems ,Tikhonov space andTikhonov's theorem (central ingeneral topology ), inventedmagnetotellurics Pavel Urysohn , developed themetrization theorems ,Urysohn's Lemma andFréchet–Urysohn space in topologyNicolay Vasilyev , inventor ofnon-Aristotelian logic , the forerunner ofparaconsistent andmulti-valued logics Ivan Vinogradov , developedVinogradov's theorem andPólya–Vinogradov inequality inanalytic number theory Vladimir Voevodsky , introduced ahomotopy theory for schemes and modernmotivic cohomology , Fields MedalistGeorgy Voronoy , invented theVoronoi diagram Dmitry Yegorov , author ofEgorov's Theorem inmathematical analysis Efim Zelmanov , solved therestricted Burnside problem , Fields Medal winnerAstronomers and cosmologists [ edit ] Viktor Ambartsumian , one of the founders oftheoretical astrophysics , discoverer ofstellar associations , founder ofByurakan Observatory Alexander Fridman Vladimir Belinski , an author of theBKL singularity model of the UniverseAristarkh Belopolsky , invented aspectrograph based on theDoppler effect , among the first photographers ofstellar spectra Fyodor Bredikhin , developed the theory ofcomet tails,meteors andmeteor showers , a director of thePulkovo Observatory Jacob Bruce , statesman, naturalist and astronomer, founder of the firstobservatory in Russia (in theSukharev Tower )Lyudmila Chernykh , astronomer, discovered 268asteroids Nikolai Chernykh , astronomer, discovered 537 asteroids and 2 cometsAlexander Fridman , derived theFriedmann equations (expanding-universe solution to thefield equations ofgeneral relativity ), an author of theFLRW metric of UniverseGeorge Gamow , discoveredalpha decay viaquantum tunneling andGamow factor instellar nucleosynthesis , introduced theBig Bang nucleosynthesis theory, predictedcosmic microwave background Matvey Gusev , first to prove the non-sphericity of theMoon , pioneer of photography in astronomyNikolai Kardashev , astrophysicist, inventor ofKardashev scale for ranking the space civilizationsIsaak Khalatnikov , an author of theBKL singularity Marian Kowalski , first to measure the rotation of theMilky Way Anders Johan Lexell , mathematician, researcher ofcelestial mechanics andcomet astronomy, proved thatUranus is a planet rather than acomet Andrei Linde , created thechaotic inflation theory of the UniverseEvgeny Lifshitz , an author of theBKL singularity Mikhail Lomonosov polymath, invented theoff-axis reflecting telescope , discovered theatmosphere of Venus Friedrich Wilhelm Struve Dmitri Dmitrievich Maksutov , invented theMaksutov telescope Viktor Safronov , author of theplanetesimal hypothesis ofplanet formation Grigory Shayn , first director of theCrimean Astrophysical Observatory , co-developed a method forstellar rotation measurementIosif Shklovsky , prominentradio astronomer ,cosmic rays andextraterrestrial life researcherFriedrich Wilhelm Struve , founder and the first director of thePulkovo Observatory , prominent researcher ofdouble stars , initiated the construction of 2,820 km longStruve Geodetic Arc , progenitor of theStruve family of astronomersOtto Lyudvigovich Struve , co-developed a method forstellar rotation measurement, directed several U.S. observatoriesOtto Wilhelm von Struve , director of the Pulkovo Observatory, discovered over 500double stars Rashid Sunyaev , co-predicted theSunyaev–Zel'dovich effect of CMB distortionRashid Sunyaev George Volkoff , predicted the existence ofneutron stars Boris Vorontsov-Velyaminov , discovered the absorption of light byinterstellar dust , author of theMorphological Catalogue of Galaxies Ivan Yarkovsky , discovered theYORP andYarkovsky effect ofmeteoroids andasteroids Aleksandr Zaitsev , coined the termMessaging to Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence radar astronomy experiment, transmitted theCosmic Calls Yakov Zeldovich , physicist, astrophysicist and cosmologist, the first to suggest thataccretion discs around massiveblack holes are responsible for thequasar radiation, co-predicted theSunyaev–Zel'dovich effect Alexei Abrikosov , discovered howmagnetic flux can penetrate asuperconductor (theAbrikosov vortex ),Zhores Alferov Nobel Prize winnerFranz Aepinus , relatedelectricity andmagnetism , proved the electric nature ofpyroelectricity , explainedelectric polarization andelectrostatic induction , inventedachromatic microscope Zhores Alferov , inventor of modernheterotransistor , Nobel Prize winnerAbram Alikhanov , a prominent researcher of cosmic rays, built the firstnuclear reactors in the USSR, founder ofInstitute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP)Lev Artsimovich , builder of the firsttokamak , researcher of high temperatureplasma Gurgen Askaryan , predictedself focusing of light, discoveredAskaryan effect in theparticle physics Nikolay Basov , physicist, co-inventor oflaser andmaser , Nobel Prize winnerNikolay Bogolyubov , co-developed theBBGKY hierarchy , formulated a microscopic theory ofsuperconductivity , suggested a tripletquark model, introduced a new quantum degree of freedom (color charge )Gersh Budker , inventedelectron cooling , co-inventedcollider Boris Jacobi Sergey Chaplygin , a founder ofaero- andhydrodynamics , formulated theChaplygin's equations andChaplygin gas conceptPavel Cherenkov , discoverer ofCherenkov radiation , Nobel Prize winnerYuri Denisyuk , inventor of3D holography Nikolay Dollezhal , designer of the reactor for thefirst nuclear power plant , developer ofVVER -type reactorsLudvig Faddeev , discoverer ofFaddeev–Popov ghosts andFaddeev equations inquantum physics Georgy Flyorov , an initiator of theSoviet atomic bomb project , co-discoverer ofseaborgium andbohrium , founder of theJoint Institute for Nuclear Research Vladimir Fock , developed theFock space ,Fock state and theHartree–Fock method inquantum mechanics Ilya Frank , explained the phenomenon ofCherenkov radiation , Nobel Prize winnerPyotr Kapitsa Yakov Frenkel , introduced the notion ofelectron hole , discovered theFrenkel defect of acrystal lattice , described thePoole–Frenkel effect insolid-state physics Andre Geim , inventor ofgraphene , developer ofgecko tape , Nobel Prize winner, and alsoIg Nobel Prize winner fordiamagnetic levitation of a livingfrog Vitaly Ginzburg , co-author of theGinzburg–Landau theory ofsuperconductivity , a developer ofhydrogen bomb , Nobel Prize winnerVladimir Gribov , introducedpomeron ,DGLAP equations andGribov ambiguity Abram Ioffe , founder of the Soviet physics school, tutor of many prominent scientistsDmitri Ivanenko , proposed the firstatomic nucleus andnuclear shell models , predicted thesynchrotron radiation , author of the hypothesis ofquark stars Boris Jacobi , formulated theMaximum power theorem inelectrical engineering , inventedelectroplating ,electrotyping ,galvanoplastic sculpture andelectric boat Pyotr Kapitsa , originated the techniques for creating ultrastrongmagnetic fields , co-discovered a way to measure the magnetic field of anatomic nucleus discoveredsuperfluidity , Nobel Prize winnerYuly Khariton , chief designer of theSoviet atomic bomb , co-developer of theTsar Bomb Orest Khvolson , first to study theChwolson ring effect ofgravitational lensing Igor Kurchatov , builder of the firstnuclear power plant , developer of the firstmarine nuclear reactors for surface shipsLev Landau , theoretical physicist, developed theGinzburg–Landau theory ofsuperconductivity , explained theLandau damping inplasma physics , pointed out theLandau pole inquantum electrodynamics , co-author of the famousCourse of Theoretical Physics Grigory Landsberg , co-discoverer ofRaman scattering of lightMikhail Lavrentyev , founder of theSiberian Division of theSoviet Academy of Sciences andAkademgorodok inNovosibirsk Pyotr Lebedev , first to measure theradiation pressure on a solid body, thus privoving theMaxwell's theory of electromagnetism Lev Landau Heinrich Lenz , discovered theLenz's law ofelectromagnetism Evgeny Lifshitz , an author of theBKL singularity model of the Universe, co-author of theCourse of Theoretical Physics Mikhail Lomonosov , polymath scientist, artist and inventor; proposed the law ofconservation of matter , disproved thephlogiston theory Oleg Losev , inventor oflight-emitting diode andcrystadine Alexander Makarov , inventor oforbitrap Boris Mamyrin , inventor ofreflectron Leonid Mandelshtam , co-discoverer ofRaman effect Konstantin Novoselov , inventor ofgraphene , developer ofgecko tape , Nobel Prize winnerYuri Oganessian , nuclear physicist in theJoint Institute for Nuclear Research , co-discoverer of the heaviest elements in the periodic table; elementOganesson Vasily Petrov , discoverer ofelectric arc , proposedarc lamp andarc welding Heinrich Lenz Boris Podolsky , an author ofEPR Paradox inquantum physics Alexander Polyakov , developed the concepts ofPolyakov action ,'t Hooft–Polyakov monopole andBPST instanton Isaak Pomeranchuk , predictedsynchrotron radiation Bruno Pontecorvo , a founder ofneutrino high energy physics , whose work led to the discovery ofPMNS matrix Alexander Popov , inventor oflightning detector , one of theinventors of radio , recorded the first experimentalradiolocation at seaVictor Popov , co-discoverer ofFaddeev–Popov ghosts in quantum field theoryAlexander Prokhorov , co-inventor oflaser andmaser , Nobel Prize winnerGeorg Wilhelm Richmann , inventor ofelectrometer , pioneer researcher ofatmospheric electricity , killed by aball lightning in experimentAndrei Sakharov , co-developer oftokamak and theTsar Bomb , inventor ofexplosively pumped flux compression generator ,Nobel Peace Prize winnerVasily Petrov Nikolay Semyonov , physical chemist, co-discovered a way to measure the magnetic field of anatomic nucleus , Nobel Prize in Chemistry winnerLev Shubnikov , discoverer ofShubnikov–de Haas effect , one of the first researchers ofsolid hydrogen andliquid helium Dmitri Skobeltsyn , first to usecloud chamber for studyingcosmic rays , the first to observepositrons Aleksandr Stoletov , inventor ofphotoelectric cell , built theStoletov curve , pioneered the research offerromagnetism Igor Tamm , explained the phenomenon ofCherenkov radiation , co-developer oftokamak , Nobel Prize winnerNikolay Umov , discovered theUmov–Poynting vector andUmov effect , the first to propose the formulaE = k m c 2 {\displaystyle E=kmc^{2}} Petr Ufimtsev , developed the theory that led to modernstealth technology Sergey Vavilov , co-discoverer ofCherenkov radiation , formulated theKasha–Vavilov rule ofquantum yields Aleksandr Stoletov Vladimir Veksler , inventor ofsynchrophasotron , co-inventor ofsynchrotron Evgeny Velikhov , leader of the international programITER (thermonuclear experimentaltokamak )Alexey Yekimov , discoverer ofquantum dots Yevgeny Zavoisky , inventor ofEPR spectroscopy , co-developer ofNMR spectroscopy Yakov Zeldovich , physicist and cosmologist, predicted thebeta decay of api meson and themuon catalysis , co-predicted theSunyaev–Zel'dovich effect of CMB distortionNikolai Zhukovsky , a founder ofaero- andhydrodynamics , the first to study airflow, author ofJoukowsky transform andKutta–Joukowski theorem , founder ofTsAGI , pioneer of aviationChemists and material scientists [ edit ] Aleksandr Butlerov Ernest Beaux , inventor ofChanel No. 5 , "the world's most legendary fragrance"Nikolay Beketov , inventor ofaluminothermy , a founder ofphysical chemistry Friedrich Konrad Beilstein , proposed theBeilstein test forhalogen detection, compiled theBeilstein database inorganic chemistry Boris Belousov , discoverer ofBelousov–Zhabotinsky reaction , a classical example ofnon-equilibrium thermodynamics Alexander Borodin , chemist and composer, the author of the famous operaPrince Igor Borodin reaction , co-discoveredAldol reaction Aleksandr Butlerov , discoveredhexamine ,formaldehyde andformose reaction (the first synthesis ofsugar ), the first to incorporatedouble bonds into structural formulae, a founder oforganic chemistry and the theory ofchemical structure Dmitry Chernov , founder of modernmetallography , discoveredpolymorphism in metals, built theiron –carbon phase diagram Aleksei Chichibabin , discoveredChichibabin pyridine synthesis ,Bodroux-Chichibabin aldehyde synthesis andChichibabin reaction Karl Ernst Claus , chemist and botanist, discoverer ofruthenium Yevgraf Fyodorov Aleksandr Dianin , discoveredBisphenol A andDianin's compound Constantin Fahlberg , inventor ofsaccharin , the firstartificial sweetener Alexey Favorsky , discoverer ofFavorskii rearrangement andFavorskii reaction in organic chemistryAlexander Frumkin , a founder of modernelectrochemistry , author of the theory ofelectrode reactionsYevgraf Fyodorov , the first to enumerate all of the 230space groups ofcrystals , thus founding the moderncrystallography Andre Geim , inventor ofgraphene , developer ofgecko tape , Nobel Prize in Physics winnerVladimir Ipatieff , inventor ofIpatieff bomb , a founder ofpetrochemistry Isidore , legendary inventor ofRussian vodka Boris Jacobi , re-discovered and commercializedelectroplating Sergei Lebedev Pyotr Kapitsa , discoveredsuperfluidity while studyingliquid helium , Nobel Prize in Physics winnerGottlieb Kirchhoff , discoverer ofglucose Ivan Knunyants , inventor ofpoly-caprolactam , a developer of Sovietchemical weapons Sergei Lebedev , inventor ofpolybutadiene , the first commercially viablesynthetic rubber Mikhail Lomonosov , polymath, coined the termphysical chemistry smalt , disproved thephlogiston theory , the first to record thefreezing ofmercury Aleksandr Loran , inventor offire fighting foam Konstantin Novoselov , inventor ofgraphene , developer ofgecko tape , Nobel Prize in Physics winnerVladimir Markovnikov , author of theMarkovnikov's rule in organic chemistry, discoverer ofnaphthenes Dmitri Mendeleyev Dmitri Mendeleyev , invented thePeriodic table ofchemical elements , the first to predict the properties of elements yet to be discovered, inventor ofpyrocollodion , developer ofpipelines and a prominent researcher ofvodka Nikolai Menshutkin , discoverer ofMenshutkin reaction in organic chemistryIlya Prigogine , researcher ofdissipative systems ,complex systems andirreversibility , Nobel Prize winnerSergey Reformatsky , discoverer of theReformatsky reaction in organic chemistryNikolay Semyonov , physical chemist, author of thechain reaction theory, Nobel Prize winnerVladimir Shukhov , polymath, inventor ofchemical cracking Mikhail Tsvet , botanist, inventor ofchromatography Victor Veselago , the first researcher of materials with negativepermittivity andpermeability Mikhail Tsvet Dmitry Vinogradov , inventor of theRussian porcelain Paul Walden , discovered theWalden inversion andethylammonium nitrate , the first room temperatureionic liquid Alexander Zaytsev , author of theZaitsev's rule in organic chemistryNikolay Zelinsky , inventor ofactivated charcoal gas mask in Europe during World War I, co-discoverer ofHell-Volhard-Zelinsky halogenation , a founder ofpetrochemistry Nikolai Zinin , discoveredbenzidine , co-discoveredaniline , the first President of the Russian Physical-Chemical SocietyAloisio da Milano , builder of theKremlin towers andTerem Palace Alexander Brullov Aloisio the New , builder of theArchangel Cathedral Gavriil Baranovsky , builder ofElisseeff Emporium and theBuddhist Temple inSt Petersburg Vasily Bazhenov , architect of theTsaritsyno Park and theRussian State Library Joseph Bové , chief architect of Moscow after theFire of 1812 Vincenzo Brenna , court architect ofPaul I of Russia Alexander Brullov , builder of thePulkovo Observatory Charles Cameron , architect ofTsarskoye Selo andPavlovsk Palace Yury Felten Alberto Cavos , builder of theBolshoi Theatre and theMariinsky Theatre Alexey Dushkin , inventor of the firstdeep column station Yury Felten , mover of theThunder Stone , maker of theSummer Garden grille, builder ofSt Petersburg embankmentsAristotile Fioravanti , builder of theDormition Cathedral in Moscow Ivan Fomin , master ofRussian neoclassical revival andpostconstructivism Moisei Ginzburg , master ofConstructivist architecture , founder of theOSA Group David Grimm , builder of theChurch of Maria Magdalene andChersonesus Cathedral Alexander Kokorinov Boris Iofan , grandmaster ofStalinist architecture Matvei Kazakov , builder of theKremlin Senate Roman Klein , builder of thePushkin Museum andTsUM Alexander Kokorinov , builder of theImperial Academy of Arts Fyodor Kon , builder of theSmolensk Kremlin and Moscow'sBely Gorod Nikolai Ladovsky , leader ofrationalist architecture ofASNOVA Nikolay Lvov , polymath scientist and artist, adaptedrammed earth technology for northern climate, pioneeredHVAC technology, builtPriory Palace inGatchina Konstantin Melnikov Georg Johann Mattarnovy , architect ofKunstkamera Auguste de Montferrand , builder ofSaint Isaac's Cathedral and theAlexander Column Arkady Mordvinov , architect ofthe tallest hotel in Europe Nikolai Nikitin , engineer of the largest Soviet structures:Moscow State University ,Luzhniki Stadium ,The Motherland Calls andOstankino Tower (oncethe world's tallest )Vyacheslav Oltarzhevsky , architect of theAll-Russia Exhibition Centre andHotel Ukraina (Moscow) Bartolomeo Rastrelli Petrok Maly , builder of theKitai-gorod Wall and the Ascension Church inKolomenskoye Anatoly Polyansky , architect of theMuseum of the Great Patriotic War, Moscow Alexander Pomerantsev , builder of theGUM and theAlexander Nevsky Cathedral, Sofia Giacomo Quarenghi , builder of theHermitage Theatre andSmolny Institute Bartolomeo Rastrelli , grandmaster ofRussian baroque , builder ofPeterhof Palace ,Saint Andrew's Church in Kiev ,Smolny Convent ,Catherine Palace ,Winter Palace Antonio Rinaldi , architect ofOranienbaum andTsarskoye Selo , builder of theMarble Palace Carlo Rossi , architect of the neoclassical ensembles ofSt Petersburg , author of theRussian Museum ,Alexandrinsky Theater ,General Staff Building in St. Petersburg Lev Rudnev , builder ofStalinist skyscrapers Marco Ruffo , builder ofKremlin towers and thePalace of Facets Fyodor Schechtel , master ofArt Nouveau , builder ofYaroslavsky Rail Terminal Vladimir Shchuko , builder of theLenin Library , master ofStalinist architecture Aleksey Shchusev , builder ofLenin's Mausoleum onRed Square and theHotel Moskva (Moscow) Vladimir Sherwood , builder of theState Historical Museum Vladimir Shukhov , engineer-polymath , inventor of breakthroughindustrial designs (hyperboloid structure ,thin-shell structure ,tensile structure ,gridshell ), builder ofShukhov Towers and multiple other structuresKonstantin Thon Pietro Antonio Solari , builder of theSpasskaya tower and thePalace of Facets Vasily Stasov , inventor of theRussian Revival style, builder of theMoscow Triumphal Gates andNarva Triumphal Gates Andrei Stackenschneider , builder of theMariinsky Palace andBeloselsky-Belozersky Palace Ivan Starov , builder of theTauride Palace Vladimir Tatlin , author ofTatlin's Tower projectKonstantin Thon , builder of theGrand Kremlin Palace ,Kremlin Armoury and theCathedral of Christ the Saviour (the world'stallest Orthodox church )Domenico Trezzini , the first architect ofSt Petersburg , builder of thePeter and Paul Fortress ,Summer Palace of Peter the Great ,Twelve Collegia andPeter and Paul Cathedral (the world'stallest Orthodox belltower )Andrey Voronikhin Vesnin brothers , leaders ofconstructivist architecture Andrey Voronikhin , builder of theKazan Cathedral andSaint Petersburg Mining Institute Postnik Yakovlev , builder ofSaint Basil's Cathedral onRed Square Andreyan Zakharov , builder of theRussian Admiralty Mikhail Zemtsov , architect ofCatherinethal Pyotr Baranovsky , preservationist of ancient Russian architecture, notable for savingSaint Basil's Cathedral from destruction by the Soviet authorities in the 1930s.Sculptors and jewellers [ edit ] Mikhail Anikushin , monumentalist, author of celebrated statues ofPushkin Peter Clodt Mihail Chemiakin , author ofChildren Are the Victims of Adult Vices Peter Clodt , famous for equestrian statues, author of theAnichkov Bridge Horse Tamers Vasily Demut-Malinovsky , author of the chariot groups on theNarva Triumphal Gates and theGeneral Staff Building in St. Petersburg Peter Carl Fabergé , jeweller, creator of theFabergé Eggs Naum Gabo , sculptor, pioneer ofkinetic art Mikhail Gerasimov , forensic sculptor, reconstructed the appearance ofTamerlane ,Yaroslav the Wise ,Rudaki and many other historical figuresIlya Kabakov , conceptual installation artistPeter Carl Fabergé Vyacheslav Klykov , author of the monuments toMarshal Zhukov ,Saints Cyril and Methodius , theBattle of Kursk Sergey Konenkov , sculptor, "the RussianRodin "Mikhail Kozlovsky , neoclassical sculptor, author of theSamson fountain inPeterhof and monument toSuvorov theMars Ivan Martos , author of theMonument to Minin and Pozharsky onRed Square Mikhail Mikeshin , author of theMillennium of Russia Catherine II inSt Petersburg , the monument toBohdan Khmelnytsky inKyiv Mikhail Mikeshin Vera Mukhina , sculptor, inventor ofwelded sculpture , author of theWorker and Kolkhoz Woman Andrei Molodkin (born 1966), sculpture and installationErnst Neizvestny , author of theLotus FlowerAswan Dam inEgypt Alexander Opekushin , author of early monuments toPushkin ,Lermontov ,Aleksandr II Boris Orlovsky , author of the statues ofKutuzov andBarclay de Tolly in front ofKazan Cathedral, St. Petersburg Avenir Sumin , competitor of FabergéNikolai Tomsky , author of multipleLenin statues and theTomb of the Unknown Soldier (Moscow) Zurab Tsereteli , author of thePeter the Great Statue To the Struggle Against World Terrorism St. George statues at theMoscow War Memorial and theFreedom Monument (Tbilisi) Yevgeny Vuchetich , author of theSoviet War Memorial in Berlin ,Let Us Beat Swords into Plowshares UN garden, andThe Motherland Calls Volgograd Ivan Aivazovsky , author ofThe Ninth Wave seascapes Ivan Aivazovsky Fyodor Alekseyev , prominentlandscapist , "the RussianCanaletto "Ivan Argunov , major 18th-century portraitistLéon Bakst , stage and costume designer for theBallets Russes , author of theTerror Antiquus Alexandre Benois , artist and art critic, influential stage designer, author of the celebrated illustrations toPushkin 'sBronze Horseman Ivan Bilibin , painter and stage designer, famous for illustrations ofSlavic mythology andsets forRussian fairy tale -basedRussian operas Alexey Bogolyubov , landscape and seascape painterVictor Borisov-Musatov ,Post-Impressionist painter, creator ofRussian Symbolism Vladimir Borovikovsky , famous portraitist at the turn of the 19th centuryMarc Chagall Karl Briullov , neoclassical painter, author ofThe Last Day of Pompeii Marc Chagall ,polymath -artist, pioneer ofmodernism andfigurative art , author of famousstained glasses Pavel Chistyakov , history and portrait painter, tutor of many celebrated artistsAlexander Deyneka , master ofsocialist realism , author of the mosaics atMayakovskaya (Moscow Metro) Dionisy , medievalicon painter ,frescoes in theFerapontov Monastery Julia Dolgorukova, painter, landscapist, famous for works on stage, costume designer and new synthetic technologies in paintingJulia Dolgorukova Andrey Esionov , painterVladimir Favorsky , graphic artist, famous forwoodcut illustrations of classic booksPavel Fedotov , realist painter, "the RussianHogarth "Nikolai Ge , realist painter, famous for works on historical and religious motifsWassily Kandinsky Feofan Grek , medievalfresco and icon-painter inByzantine Empire and RussiaAlexander Ivanov , neoclassical painter, author ofThe Appearance of Christ before the People Sergey Ivanov , author of famous illustrations ofRussian history Wassily Kandinsky , inventor of pureabstract art , founder ofDer Blaue Reiter Orest Kiprensky , romantic painter and portraitistKonstantin Korovin , leading RussianImpressionist painterIvan Kramskoi , painter and art critic, author of theChrist in the Desert Unknown Woman Boris Kustodiev Boris Kustodiev , author of famous portraits, holiday scenes and "Kustodiev's women" (The Merchant's Wife Bathing The Russian Venus Mikhail Larionov ,avant-garde painter, inventor ofrayonism Alexei Leonov , cosmonaut and painter, made some of his works inouter space Isaac Levitan , landscapist, author of theOver Eternal Peace Rafail Sergeevich Levitsky , Peredvizhniki artist and court photographer to the Romanov dynastyEl Lissitzky ,avant-garde painter, typographer, author ofBeat the Whites with the Red Wedge Kazimir Malevich Konstantin Makovsky , famous for idealized history paintingsKazimir Malevich , inventor ofsuprematism , author of theBlack Square Sergey Malyutin , painter and folk artist, designed the firstmatryoshka doll Vladimir Mayakovsky ,futurist poet andpropaganda artist, author of theRosta Windows agitprop Sergey Miloradovich , historical painterMikhail Nesterov , religious symbolist painter, portraitist, author ofThe Vision of the Youth Bartholomew Ivan Nikitin , famousPetrine era portraitistIlya Repin Vasily Perov , realist painter, author of theTroika The Hunters at Rest Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin , symbolist painter, author of theBathing of a Red Horse Vasily Polenov , landscape painter, author ofA courtyard in Moscow Grandma's garden Ilya Repin , archetypical Russian painter, famous for his portraits and history scenes, author of theBarge Haulers on the Volga Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks Alexander Rodchenko ,avant-garde artist, graphic designer andconstructivist painter Nicholas Roerich , artist, scientist, traveler, public figure, initiator of the internationalRoerich Pact , author of over 7000 paintingsNicholas Roerich Andrei Rublev , most famous Russianicon-painter , author of theTrinity Andrei Ryabushkin , history painter, works devoted mostly to 17th-century RussiaAlexei Savrasov ,landscape painter , creator of thelyrical landscape styleZinaida Serebriakova , the most prolific woman painter of Russia, famous for female portraits andnudes Valentin Serov ,impressionist painter, portraitist, author ofThe Girl with Peaches The Kidnapping of Europe Taras Shevchenko , romantic poet and painterIvan Shishkin , author of the most celebrated Russian landscapes: theMorning in a Pine Forest Rye Fields Rain in an Oak Forest Konstantin Somov , prominentRussian literature illustratorVasily Surikov , author the famousRussian history paintingsThe Morning of Streltsy's Execution Boyarynya Morozova The March of Suvorov through the Alps Vasily Tropinin , romantic and realist portraitistIsrael Tsvaygenbaum , painterIsrael Tsvaygenbaum Simon Ushakov , prolific late 17th-centuryicon painter ,Saviour Not Made by Hands Feodor Vasilyev , lyrical landscape painterApollinary Vasnetsov ,Russian history illustrator, many works devoted to MoscowViktor Vasnetsov , famous for Russian history andSlavic mythology images, inventor ofbudenovka , author of theFlying Carpet Tsar Ivan The Terrible Bogatyrs Alexey Venetsianov , prominent genre painter, founder of the "Venetsianov school"Zinaida Serebriakova Vasily Vereshchagin , battle painter, author ofThe Apotheosis of War Blowing from Guns in British India Romanov Viktor (born 1959), painterMikhail Vrubel , leader of theRussian Symbolism , author ofThe Demon Sitting The Swan Princess Nikolai Yaroshenko , realist genre painter and portraitistPyotr Zakharov-Chechenets , portrait painter ofChechen originLeon Zernitsky , illustrator and artistKarp Zolotaryov , late 17th-centuryicon painter , notable for realistic styleNovel and short story authors [ edit ] Fyodor Dostoevsky Nikolai Gogol Leo Tolstoy Chinghiz Aitmatov ,Kyrgyz and Russian writer, author ofJamilya Vasily Aksyonov , author of the Moscowsaga Generations of Winter Boris Akunin , famous for hisdetective fiction , author ofThe Diamond Chariot Sholem Aleichem , importantRussian Jewish writer, the famous musicalFiddler on the Roof Tevye the Dairyman Isaac Babel , well-knownRussian Jewish writer, author ofThe Odessa Tales Andrei Bely , author of the novelPetersburg Alexander Belyayev , major science fiction writer, author ofAmphibian Man Ariel Valery Bryusov , importantsymbolist writer, author of the novelThe Fiery Angel Mikhail Bulgakov , author ofThe Master and Margarita The Times Kir Bulychev , author of the science fiction anthologyHalf a Life Ivan Bunin , short story writer and poet, first Russian to be awarded theNobel Prize for Literature Anton Chekhov , famous for his short stories and plays; author ofThe Lady with the Dog The Black Monk Nikolai Chernyshevsky , influential revolutionary writer, author ofWhat Is to Be Done? Fyodor Dostoevsky , author ofCrime and Punishment The Idiot The Possessed The Brothers Karamazov Sergei Dovlatov , Russian writer whoemigrated to the US, author of the novelAffiliate Dmitry Glukhovsky , author of thepost-apocalyptic novel Metro 2033 Nikolai Gogol , considered the "father" of Russianrealism , author ofThe Overcoat The Nose Dead Souls Ivan Goncharov , author ofOblomov Maxim Gorky , founder ofsocialist realism , author ofTwenty-six Men and a Girl Vasily Grossman , author ofLife and Fate Le Monde Ilf and Petrov popular satirists, authors ofThe Twelve Chairs Nikolai Karamzin , prominentsentimentalist writer and major historian, author ofPoor Liza Valentin Katayev , author of the industrial novelTime, Forward! Veniamin Kaverin , author of the social and adventure novelThe Two Captains Daniil Kharms , Sovietsurrealist andabsurdist writerMikhail Lermontov , author ofA Hero of our Time Nikolai Leskov , author ofLefty Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk Sergey Lukyanenko , most popular contemporary Russiansci-fi writer, author of theNight Watch Vladimir Nabokov , author ofLolita Modern Library 100 Best Novels Nikolay Nosov ,children's writer , author of the popularNeznaika Vladimir Obruchev , geologist and explorer, author of thescience fiction and travel novelsPlutonia Sannikov Land Yuri Olesha , author of the innovative novelEnvy Nikolai Ostrovsky ,socialist realist writer, best known for his novelHow the Steel Was Tempered Boris Pasternak , author ofDoctor Zhivago Nobel Prize winner (was forced to decline the prize)Viktor Pelevin ,postmodernist writer, author of the short novelOmon Ra Andrei Platonov , author ofThe Foundation Pit Aleksandr Pushkin , the greatest Russian poet, novelist, author ofThe Captain's Daughter Alexander Radishchev ,radical writer, author ofJourney from St. Petersburg to Moscow Ayn Rand , creator ofObjectivism , author ofThe Fountainhead Atlas Shrugged Varlam Shalamov ,Gulag Kolyma Tales Mikhail Sholokhov ,Nobel Prize for Literature , author ofAnd Quiet Flows the Don Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn ,Nobel Prize for Literature , author ofOne Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich Vladimir Sorokin , one of the most popular writers in modern Russian literatureBoris and Arkady Strugatsky ,collaborative duo of Soviet science fiction writersTatyana Tolstaya , writer,TV host ,publicist , novelist, andessayist from theTolstoy family Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy ,Soviet writer, best known for his works ofscience fiction , author ofAelita Leo Tolstoy , widely considered to be one of the world's greatest novelists, author ofWar and Peace Anna Karenina The Death of Ivan Ilyich Ivan Turgenev , author ofA Sportsman's Sketches serfdom in RussiaYury Tynyanov , important member of theRussian Formalist school, author ofLieutenant Kijé Eduard Uspensky , children's writer known for his fictional charactersGena the Crocodile andCheburashka Vladimir Voinovich , author of the well-known novelThe Life and Extraordinary Adventures of Private Ivan Chonkin Ivan Yefremov , paleontologist and science fiction writer, founder oftaphonomy , author ofThe Land of Foam Andromeda: A Space-Age Tale Thais of Athens Yevgeny Zamyatin , author of thedystopian novelWe George Orwell 'sNineteen Eighty-Four Ayn Rand 'sAnthem Philosophers and critics [ edit ] Pavel Florensky Aleksey Khomyakov Vladimir Solovyov Mikhail Bakhtin , philosopher, literary critic,semiotician , and scholar who worked on literary theory, ethics, and the philosophy of languageMikhail Bakunin , well-knownrevolutionary and theorist ofcollectivist anarchism Vissarion Belinsky , influential critic, and editor of two major literary magazines:Otechestvennye Zapiski Sovremennik Nikolai Berdyaev , religious and political philosopherHelena Blavatsky , founder ofTheosophy and theTheosophical Society Alexander Bogdanov ,physician , philosopher, science fiction writer, and a key figure in the early history of theBolsheviks Nikolay Chernyshevsky , famous for his philosophical novelWhat is To Be Done? Vladimir Lenin Nikolay Danilevsky ,naturalist ,economist ,ethnologist , philosopher, historian, andideologue of thepan-Slavism andSlavophile movementsSergei Diaghilev , art critic and impresarioNikolay Dobrolyubov ,literary critic ,journalist , andrevolutionary democrat Pavel Florensky ,Orthodox theologian , philosopher, mathematician,electrical engineer , andinventor Leonid Grinin , important modernsociologist and philosopher of historyAlexander Herzen , highly influential proponent ofpopulism ,socialism , andcollectivization Mikhail Katkov , conservative journalist and literary critic influential during the reign ofAlexander III Ivan Kireyevsky , literary critic and philosopher, co-founder of theSlavophile movementAleksey Khomyakov , religious poet and philosopher, co-founder of theSlavophile movement, coined the termsobornost Peter Kropotkin , naturalist, geographer and one of the world's foremostanarcho-communists Pyotr Lavrov , prominent Russian philosopher, publicist, sociologist, andtheorist ofnarodism Konstantin Leontiev ,conservative ,monarchist reactionary philosopherAleksei Losev , one of the most prominent figures in Russian philosophical and religious thought of the 20th centuryNikolay Novikov , writer and philanthropist, a man ofRussian Enlightenment , often considered to be the first Russianjournalist Peter D. Ouspensky ,esoteric philosopher, author ofIn Search of the Miraculous Dmitri Pisarev ,radical writer and social critic whose works had an important influence onLenin Ayn Rand ,Objectivist philosopher, best known for her novelsThe Fountainhead Atlas Shrugged Lev Shestov , influential Ukrainian/Russianexistentialist philosopher, author of the well-known worksPenultimate Words andAll Things are Possible Vladimir Solovyov , philosopher, poet, pamphleteer, and literary critic, who played a significant role in the development of Russian philosophy and poetry at the end of the 19th centuryVladimir Stasov , preeminent 19th-centuryart critic in RussiaLeo Tolstoy ,Christian anarchist andpacifist , whose ideas and social writings were the basis of theTolstoyan movementLeon Trotsky ,Bolshevik , andMarxist , one of the leaders of theRussian Revolution of 1917 Anton Chekhov Alexander Ostrovsky Leonid Andreyev , author of many popular plays, includingHe Who Gets Slapped Hizgil Avshalumov , soviet novelist, poet and playwrightMikhail Bulgakov , popular Soviet writer, author of the playFlight Anton Chekhov , famous for his short stories and plays, author ofThe Cherry Orchard Uncle Vanya Three Sisters The Seagull Denis Fonvizin , known chiefly for his famous playThe Minor Nikolai Gogol , author of the greatsatirical playThe Government Inspector Maxim Gorky , author ofThe Lower Depths socialist realism Aleksandr Griboyedov , author of the popular playWoe from Wit Mikhail Lermontov , author of the playMasquerade Vladimir Mayakovsky , one of the foremost representatives ofRussian Futurism Alexander Ostrovsky , known for his plays dealing with themerchant class, most notablyThe Storm Aleksey Pisemsky , realist writer, author of the well-known playA Bitter Fate Alexander Pushkin , Russia's national poet, also known for his plays, includingBoris Godunov The Stone Guest Alexander Sumarokov , poet and playwright who single-handedly created classical theatre in RussiaAleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy , author of historical dramas, includingThe Death of Ivan the Terrible Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich Leo Tolstoy , one of the greatest Russian writers, author of the playsThe Power of Darkness The Fruits of Enlightenment The Living Corpse Ivan Turgenev , author of the well known playA Month in the Country Anna Akhmatova Aleksandr Blok Vladimir Mayakovsky Alexander Pushkin Sergei Yesenin Zharaskan Abdirash , Soviet-era Kazakh poetAnna Akhmatova ,modernist poet, author ofRequiem Bella Akhmadulina , Soviet and Russian poet who has been cited byJoseph Brodsky as the best living poet in the Russian languageInnokenty Annensky , poet, critic, and translator, representative of the first wave ofRussian Symbolism Konstantin Balmont ,symbolist poet, one of the major figures of theSilver Age of Russian Poetry Evgeny Baratynsky , lauded byAlexander Pushkin as the finest Russian elegiac poet, rediscovered byAnna Akhmatova andJoseph Brodsky as a supreme poet of thoughtKonstantin Batyushkov , an important precursor ofAlexander Pushkin Andrey Bely ,symbolist poet, namesake of the importantAndrei Bely Prize Alexander Blok , leader of theRussian Symbolist movement , author of "The Twelve "Joseph Brodsky , winner of the 1987Nobel Prize in Literature Korney Chukovsky , one of the most popular children's poets in theRussian language Denis Davydov , guerilla fighter and soldier-poet of theNapoleonic Wars , invented a genre ofhussar poetryGavrila Derzhavin , one of the greatest Russian poets beforeAlexander Pushkin Aleksandr Drakokhrust , Soviet poetGabriel El-Registan , one of the writers of theNational Anthem of the Soviet Union Afanasy Fet , had a profound influence on theRussian Symbolists , especiallyAnnensky andBlok Nikolay Gumilyov , founded theacmeism movementVyacheslav Ivanov , poet and playwright associated with theRussian Symbolism movementAntiochus Kantemir , Russian poet-satirist, activist of earlyRussian Enlightenment Velimir Khlebnikov , influential member of theRussian Futurist movement , regarded by his contemporariesas as "a poet's poet"Ivan Krylov , Russia's best knownfabulist Yuri Kublanovsky , poet, essayist, critic and art historianMikhail Lermontov , most important Russian poet afterAlexander Pushkin 's death, his influence on laterRussian literature is still felt in modern timesOsip Mandelstam ,Acmeist poet , author ofTristia Vladimir Mayakovsky , among the most important representatives of early 20th-centuryRussian Futurism Apollon Maykov , his lyrical poems often showcase images of Russian villages, nature, and Russian historyNikolai Nekrasov , one of Russia's most popular poets, author of the long poem Who is Happy in Russia?Boris Pasternak , author of the influential poem "My Sister Life",Nobel Prize winner (was forced to decline the prize)Nikolai Ogarev , known to every Russian, not only as a poet, but as the fellow-exile and collaborator ofAlexander Herzen onKolokol Yakov Polonsky , leadingPushkinist poetSymeon of Polotsk , academically trainedBaroque Belarusian born Russian poetAlexander Pushkin , greatest Russian poet, author ofEugene Onegin Ilya Selvinsky , leader of theConstructivist movementIgor Severyanin , Russian lyrical poet who presided over the circle of the so-called Ego-FuturistsBoris Slutsky , one of the most important representatives of theWar generation of Russian poets Fyodor Sologub , influentialsymbolist poet and writerAleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy , popular poet and dramatist, known for his humorous and satirical verseVasily Trediakovsky , helped lay the foundations of classicalRussian literature Marina Tsvetaeva , known primarily for her lyric poetry, widely admired by her fellow poetsAleksandr Tvardovsky , chief editor ofNovy Mir for many years, author ofVasili Tyorkin Fyodor Tyutchev ,romantic poet, author ofThe Last Love Maximilian Voloshin ,Symbolist poet , famousfreemason Pyotr Yershov , author of the famous fairy-tale poemThe Humpbacked Horse Sergei Yesenin , one of the most popular and well-known Russian poets of the 20th centuryYevgeny Yevtushenko , Soviet/Russian poet, director of several filmsNikolay Zabolotsky , one of the founders of theRussian avant-garde absurdist groupOBERIU Vasily Zhukovsky , credited with introducing theRomantic Movement toRussian literature Yul Brynner Nikita Mikhalkov Vera Alentova , known for her leading role in the famous 1980 Soviet dramaMoscow Does Not Believe in Tears Sergei Bodrov, Jr. , played lead roles in several popular movies, son of playwright, actor, director and producerSergei Bodrov Sergei Bondarchuk , acted in and directed the Academy Award-winning 1966–67 film production ofWar and Peace Yul Brynner , won the Academy Award for best actor in the 1956 filmThe King and I Armen Dzhigarkhanyan , played in more than 170 films, founded his own theater in MoscowLeonid Filatov , received many awards, including theRussian Federation State Prize andPeople's Artist of Russia in 1996Milla Jovovich , actress, model, and musician, best known for her role in the widely popularResident Evil Lila Kedrova , winner of the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress in 1964 for the role of Mme Hortense inZorba the Greek Nikita Mikhalkov , co-wrote, directed and acted in the Academy Award-winning filmBurnt by the Sun Helen Mirren , British actress born to Russian father and English motherLubov Orlova , theatre actress and gifted singer, the first recognized star of Soviet cinemaMarina Orlova , host of the most popularYouTube guru channel,HotForWords Arkady Raikin ,stand-up comedian who led the school of Soviet and Russian humorists for about half a centuryTatiana Samoylova (1934–2014), actressAlexander Slastin , actor, best known for his role as Soviet generalVasily Chuikov in the 2004 filmDownfall Georgy Vitsin , comic actor, best known for his comic roles such asTrus (Coward ), a member of anantihero comic trio in a series of films byLeonid Gaidai Fyodor Volkov , 18th-century actor and founder of the first permanent Russian theaterTanya Weinstein , stage director, actress, and tutorNatalie Wood , three-time Academy Award nominee, winner of the Golden Globe Award for her role in the TV seriesFrom Here to Eternity Vladimir Zharikov , actor, stuntman, cinematographerKonstantin Stanislavski Michael Chekhov , Russian-American actor, director, author, and theatre practitioner, nephew ofAnton Chekhov Anatoly Efros , famous Russian and Soviet theatre director, collaborated with the stage directorYury Lyubimov Yury Lyubimov , Soviet and Russian stage actor and director associated with theTaganka Theatre which he foundedVladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko , theatre director, writer, pedagogue, playwright, producer, and co-founder of theMoscow Art Theatre Konstantin Stanislavski , famous actor, theatre director, creator of a widely usedsystem of acting, and co-founder of theMoscow Art Theatre Yevgeny Vakhtangov , friend and mentor of Michael Chekhov, founded theVakhtangov Theatre Fyodor Volkov , actor and founder of the first permanent Russiantheater Film directors and animators [ edit ] Sergei Eisenstein Eldar Ryazanov Ladislas Starevich Lev Atamanov , animation director ofSoyuzmultfilm , best known forThe Snow Queen Fyodor Bondarchuk , director of the acclaimed filmThe 9th Company Sergei Bondarchuk Grigori Chukhrai , Academy Award nominee for Best Original Screenplay for the filmBallad of a Soldier Pavel Chukhrai , Academy Award nominee for Best Foreign Language Film forThe Thief Alexander Dovzhenko , often cited as one of the most important early Soviet filmmakersSergei Eisenstein , his work profoundly influenced early filmmakers owing to his innovative use of and writings aboutmontage Vasily Goncharov , directed the first Russian feature filmDefence of Sevastopol Leonid Gaidai , his movies broke theatre attendance records and are still some of the top-selling DVDs in RussiaRoman Kachanov , one of the founders and leaders of Russianstop-motion animation Andrei Konchalovsky , director of popular movies includingRunaway Train Tango & Cash Fjodor Khitruk , one of the most influential Russian animators and animation directorsElem Klimov , best known for his filmCome and See Grigori Kozintsev , known for his silent films and adaptations of ShakespeareLev Kuleshov , taught at and helped establish the world's first film school (the Moscow Film School)Aleksandr Petrov , won the Academy Award for Animated Short Film forThe Old Man and the Sea Yakov Protazanov , one of the founding fathers ofRussian cinema Aleksandr Ptushko , referred to as "the Soviet Walt Disney", due to his prominent early role in animation in the Soviet UnionMikhail Romm , director and teacher, known for his filmNine Days in One Year Eldar Ryazanov , Soviet/Russian director famous for his comediesKaren Shakhnazarov , chairman ofMosfilm , one of the largest and oldest film studios in RussiaVasily Shukshin , actor, writer, screenwriter and movie director who specialized in rural themesAlexander Sokurov , critically acclaimed director, a regular at the Cannes Film FestivalLadislas Starevich , Russian and French stop-motion animator who used insects and animals as his protagonistsGenndy Tartakovsky , Russian-American animator best known forDexter's Laboratory Samurai Jack Star Wars: Clone Wars Andrei Tarkovsky , internationally renowned director andfilm theorist Dziga Vertov , pioneering documentary film director and writerBallet dancers and choreographers [ edit ] Irina Baronova Anna Pavlova Irina Baronova , ballerina, choreographerMikhail Baryshnikov , ballet dancerSergei Diaghilev , balletimpresario Irina Dvorovenko , ballet dancerMichel Fokine , choreographer, dancerElizaveta Gerdt , ballerinaPavel Gerdt , dancerAlexander Godunov , ballet dancerTamara Karsavina , ballerinaMathilde Kschessinska , prima ballerinaNatalia Makarova , ballerinaVaslav Nijinsky , ballet dancer, choreographerIvan Novikoff , ballet masterRudolf Nureyev , ballet dancerValery Panov , ballet dancer, choreographerAnna Pavlova , ballerinaMaya Plisetskaya , ballerinaOlga Preobrajenska , ballerinaTatiana Riabouchinska , ballerinaYuri Soloviev , ballet dancerGalina Ulanova , ballerinaAgrippina Vaganova , ballet teacherSvetlana Zakharova , ballerinaMaria Khoreva , ballet dancerClassical composers and musicians [ edit ] Alexander Borodin Mikhail Glinka Mussorgsky Prokofiev Mstislav Rostropovich Alexander Vasilyevich Alexandrov , composerAnton Arensky , composerMily Balakirev , composerAlexander Borodin , composerSergei Bortkiewicz , composerValeri Brainin , composer, musical scientistCésar Cui , composerMaria Eklund , conductorMichael L. Geller , composer, viola playerValery Gergiev , pianist, conductorEmil Gilels , pianistAlexander Glazunov , composerMikhail Glinka , composer ofRusslan and Ludmilla Nikolai Golovanov , conductorAlexander Gretchaninoff , composerVladimir Horowitz , pianistDmitry Kabalevsky , composerAram Khachaturian , composerTikhon Khrennikov , composerLeonid Kogan , violinistAnatoly Konstantinovich Lyadov , composerSergei Lyapunov , composerNikolai Medtner , composer, pianistModest Mussorgsky , composer ofBoris Godunov Pictures at an Exhibition Nikolai Myaskovsky , composerNatasha Paremski , pianistGregor Piatigorsky , composerMikhail Pletnev , pianistSergei Prokofiev , composer, pianist and conductorSergei Rachmaninoff , pianist, composer, conductorVadim Repin , violinistSviatoslav Richter , pianistNikolai Rimsky-Korsakov , composerMstislav Rostropovich , cellist and conductorGennady Rozhdestvensky , conductorNikolai Rubinstein , pianist, conductor and composerAlexei Rumiantsev , pianist, composerVasily Ilyich Safonov , composer and music educatorAlfred Schnittke , composerAlexander Scriabin , composer and pianistAlexander Serov , composerRodion Shchedrin , composerVissarion Shebalin , composerDmitri Shostakovich , composer and pianistRegina Spektor , musicianIgor Stravinsky , composerGeorgy Sviridov , composerAleksandr Taneyev , composerSergey Taneyev , composerMikael Tariverdiev , composerBoris Tchaikovsky , composerPyotr Tchaikovsky , composerAlexander Tcherepnin , composerGalina Ustvolskaya , composerAleksander Vakoulsky , conductorMaxim Vengerov , violinistOpera and choir singers [ edit ] Feodor Chaliapin [ edit ] Eduard Khil Yuri Antonov , composer, singerSasha Argov (1914–95), composerDima Bilan , composer, Eurovision winnerPolina Gagarina , Singer, Eurovision runner-upLena Katina , singer of musical duot.A.T.u. Eduard Khil (1934–2012), singerPhilipp Kirkorov , pop singerSergey Lazarev , vocalistOriga , singer, performs theme songs for variousanime seriesNatalia O'Shea , linguist, songwriter, musician (Irish harp ,guitar ), vocalist and leader of the bandsMelnitsa folk-rock ) andClann Lir Celtic folk )Aleksandra Pakhmutova , composerAlla Pugacheva , singer and composerSecond Hand Band , musical group from MoscowAndrey Shibko (born 1975), pianistRegina Spektor , musicianValery Leontiev , singerViktor Tsoi , poet, composer, musician, actor in the 1980sJulia Volkova , singer of musical duot.A.T.u. Vladimir Vysotsky (1938–80), poet, composer, musician, actor in the 1970sKREC , rap band from St. PetersburgAlyona Shvets , pop singerRadio and TV people [ edit ] Leonid Yakubovich Igor Kirillov Ivan Urgant Anatoly Wasserman Joe Adamov , journalist and presenter onRadio Moscow and its successor theVoice of Russia for over 60 yearsDinara Sadretdinova , TV presenterNikolai Fomenko , musician, comic actor, showman and motor racer, president ofMarussia Motors company which produces the first Russiansupercar ,Marussia Maxim Galkin ,parodist , singer and host for the Russian adaptations ofWho Wants to Be a Millionaire? The Million Pound Drop Igor Kirillov , for 30 years anews anchor of theSoviet Central Television 's prime time news programVremya Mikhail Leontyev ,political pundit on national TVChannel One , host and author of the programOdnako Vladislav Listyev , arguably the most renowned Russian journalist and TV anchor in the 1980s and 1990s, the first director of theChannel One , founder of thePole Chudes Alexander Maslyakov , for over 45 years the host for the humourgame show KVN Yevgeny Petrosyan , popular stand-up comedian and host of a number of humour TV showsVladimir Posner , political pundit and host on radio and TV, for many years working in the United States, Soviet Union and RussiaYuri Senkevich , participant ofThor Heyerdahl 's voyages, anchorman of theTravelers' Club show for the record 30 yearsMargarita Simonyan , journalist, editor-in-chief ofRT (Russia Today)Kseniya Sobchak , TV celebrity, host for a number of popular programs, Russia's "It girl " and "Russia'sParis Hilton "Roman Trakhtenberg , actor, popular host of humour shows on radio and TV, an expert onRussian jokes Vladimir Turchinsky ,bodybuilder , TV and radio presenter, actor and singerIvan Urgant , showman and actor, host of many popular Russian TV shows and ceremonies, such asProjectorparishilton and2009 Eurovision Song Contest Tatiana Vishnevskaya , presenter and media entrepreneurVladimir Voroshilov , author, producer and anchorman of the intellectual game showWhat? Where? When? Leonid Yakubovich , actor and TV anchorman, the host for thePole Chudes Anatoly Wasserman , erudite, journalist and political pundit, a frequent winner of intellectual TV games such asWhat? Where? When? Svoya Igra Jeopardy! Mikhail Zadornov , stand-up comedian and writer, particularly famous for his satirical comparisons of Russians and nationals of other countries, especially AmericansOxana Fedorova Natalia Vodianova David Blatt , U.S. college and Israeli professional guard; coach in Israel & Russia,Russian national basketball team [ 1] Alex Chubrevich (born 1986), Israeli basketball playerEgor Demin ,NBA basketball playerAlexander Gomelsky , head coach ofUSSR national team for 30 years, including victory in1988 Summer Olympics , Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame, FIBA Hall of FameAndrei Kirilenko ,NBA basketball playerDaniel Koperberg (born 1997), Israeli basketball playerEgor Koulechov (born 1994), Israeli-Russian professional basketball player for Israeli teamIroni Nahariya Kirill Pishchalnikov ,PBL ,NCAA , basketball playerNatascha Ragosina Boris Lagutin , double Olympic gold medalist light-middleweight divisionOleg Maskaev , professional boxer, formerWBC Heavyweight ChampionDmitry Pirog , professional boxer,WBO Middleweight ChampionAlexander Povetkin , Olympic gold medalistNatascha Ragosina , boxing world championShamil Sabirov , Olympic gold medalist light flyweightOleg Saitov , double Olympic gold medalist in the welterweight divisionAleksei Tishchenko , Olympic gold medalist featherweight and lightweight divisionsKostya Tszyu , professional boxer, former Undisputed Junior Welterweight championNikolai Valuev , professional boxer, former 2-timeWBA Heavyweight championVladimir Kramnik Garry Kasparov Sergey Bida (born 1993), épée fencer, Olympic silver medalist living in the United StatesVioletta Khrapina Bida (born 1994), Olympic épée fencer living in the United StatesKonstantin Lokhanov (born 1998), sabre fencer, 2-time junior world champion and Olympic fencer living in the United StatesMaria Mazina (born 1964), épée fencer, Olympic gold medalist, bronzeMark Midler (1931–2012), foil fencer, 2-time Olympic championMark Rakita (born 1938), saber fencer, 2-time Olympic champion, 2-time silverYakov Rylsky (1928–1999), saber fencer, Olympic championSergey Sharikov (1974–2015), sabre fencer, two-time Olympic gold medalist, silver, bronzeDavid Tyshler (1927–2014), sabre fencer, Olympic bronze medalistEduard Vinokurov (1942–2010), sabre fencer, 2-time Olympic gold medalist, silver, six-time team world championIosif Vitebskiy (born 1938), épée fencer, Soviet Ukrainian Olympic medalist and world champion, US fencing coachEvgeni Plushenko Ludmila Belousova , two-time Olympic pairs championEkaterina Gordeeva , two-time Olympic pairs championAleksandr Gorelik , pair skater, Olympic silver, World Championship 2-time silver, bronzeSergei Grinkov , two-time Olympic pairs championGennadi Karponossov , Olympic champion, 2-time World Champion, silver, 2-time bronze, ice dancer & coachEvgenia Medvedeva , 2-time Olympic silver, 2 time World Champion, 2-time European champion, European silver, World bronze, first singles skater to set a 13-competition winning Streak, 2-time back to backGrand Slam winnerEvgeni Plushenko , 2006 Olympic championOleg Protopopov , two-time Olympic pairs championJulia Shapiro , pair skaterIrina Slutskaya , two-time World Champion, 3-time silver, bronze, Olympic silver, bronzeMaxim Staviski , World Champion ice dancer, silver, bronze[ 2] Alexandra Trusova , first woman to land a quad Lutz jump, quad Toe loop and quad flip, Olympic silver.Alexei Urmanov , 1994 Olympic championAlexei Yagudin , 2002 Olympic championAlina Zagitova , 2018 Olympic champion andGrand Slam winnerAliya Mustafina Nikolai Andrianov , winner of 15 Olympic medalsYelena Davydova , 1980 Olympic all-around championSvetlana Khorkina , winner of 7 Olympic medalsOlga Korbut , winner of 4 Olympic medalsYevgeniya Kanayeva , only rhythmic gymnast to win two Olympic all-around gold medalsSofia Muratova , winner of 8 Olympic medalsAliya Mustafina , 2012 Olympic gold medalistAlexei Nemov , winner of 12 Olympic medalsNatalia Shaposhnikova , 2-time Olympic championYelena Shushunova , Olympic championAleksandr Tkachyov , 2-time Olympic championViacheslav Fetisov Valeri Kharlamov Vladislav Tretiak Alexander Ovechkin Maxim Afinogenov ,NHL playerYevgeny Babich , Olympic gold medalistIlya Bryzgalov ,Phoenix Coyotes goalie, formerNHL starPavel Bure , NHL playerValeri Bure Pavel Datsyuk , NHL playerVitaly Davydov , 3-time Olympic gold medalist, World & European champion 1963–71, runner-up 1972Sergei Gonchar , NHL playerSergei Fedorov , NHL playerViacheslav Fetisov Kirill Kaprizov , NHL playerNikolai Khabibulin , NHL goalieValeri Kharlamov , international ice hockey playerVladimir Konstantinov Ilya Kovalchuk , NHL playerAlexei Kovalev Vyacheslav Kozlov Alfred Kuchevsky , Olympic champion 1956, bronze 1960; twice world championOleg Kvasha Igor Larionov Yuri Lyapkin (born 1945), ice hockey player, Soviet Hockey League, Olympic gold medal, Russian and Soviet Hockey Hall of FameEvgeni Malkin , NHL playerSergei Makarov Andrei Markov Boris Mikhailov Alexander Ovechkin , NHL playerAlexander Radulov ,KHL playerSemyon Varlamov , NHL goalieVladimir Petrov Alexei Ponikarovsky Alexander Semin , NHL playerVladislav Tretiak , goalieAlexander Yakushev Alexie Yashin forwardYevgeni Zimin Olympic champion 1968–72, World & European champion 1968–69, 1971Viktor Zinger , Olympic champion 1968; world champion 1965–69Sergei Zubov Daniil Kvyat Nikita Mazepin Vitaly Petrov Sergey Sirotkin Association football players [ edit ] Andrei Arshavin Lev Yashin Eduard Streltsov Igor Akinfeev , goalkeeperDmitri Alenichev , midfielderAndrei Arshavin , midfielder, strikerRashid Asanov , midfielderVladimir Beschastnykh , strikerKonstantin Beskov , striker, coachGrigori Bogemsky , strikerValentin Bubukin , midfielder, coachMikhail Gershkovich (born 1948), striker, coachValentin Ivanov, Sr. , striker, coachGavriil Kachalin , midfielder, coachAndrei Kanchelskis , midfielderValery Karpin , midfielder, coachDmitri Kharine , goalkeeperRushan Khasanov , defender, midfielder, strikerShmuel Kozokin (born 1987), Israeli defenderGennady Logofet (1942–2011), footballer and football coachAleksandr Mostovoi , midfielderIgor Netto , defender, coachViktor Onopko , defenderSergei Ovchinnikov , goalkeeper, coachRoman Pavlyuchenko , strikerBoris Razinsky (1933—2012), goalkeeper/striker, Olympic gold medal, managerOleg Salenko , strikerNikita Simonyan , first vice-president of theRussian Football Union Eduard Streltsov , midfielder, strikerAndrey Tikhonov , midfielderArkadi Tyapkin (1895–1942), defenderLev Yashin (1929—1990), voted thebest goalkeeper of the 20th century by theIFFHS [ 3] Ivan Yegorov (1891–1943), strikerValery Voronin , midfielderYuri Zhirkov (born 1983), defender, midfielderMihail Titow , forwardSemyon Belits-Geiman Maria Sharapova Yevgeny Kafelnikov Nikolay Davydenko , former consistent top 10 playerElena Dementieva , silver medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics and gold medal at the 2008 Summer OlympicsNatela Dzalamidze (born 1993), tennis player, took on Georgian citizenshipYevgeny Kafelnikov , former world no. 1 tennis playerAnna Kournikova , former top 10 tennis playerSvetlana Kuznetsova , former world no. 2 tennis player; won the 2004 U.S. Open and 2009 French OpenEvgenia Linetskaya (born 1986), Russian-born Israeli tennis playerAnastasia Myskina , former world no. 2 tennis player; won the 2004 French Open (becoming the first Russian woman to win a grand slam title)Daniel Prenn (1904–1991), Russian-born German, Polish, and British world-top-ten tennis playerMarat Safin , former world no. 1 tennis player; won 2000 U.S. Open and 2005 Australian Open.Dinara Safina , former world no. 1 ladies tennis playerMaria Sharapova , former world no. 1 tennis player; won 2004 Wimbledon, 2006 U.S. Open, 2008 Australian Open, 2012 French Open and silver medal at the 2012 Summer OlympicsVera Zvonareva , two time Grand Slam finalistDaniil Medvedev , former world no. 1 tennis player and2021 US Open championFedor Emelianenko Yelena Isinbaeva Evgeny Abalakov , mountaineerVitaly Abalakov , mountaineerInga Artamonova , speed skaterJohn Barsha , American football playerYuriy Borzakovskiy , middle-distance runnerAnatoli Boukreev , mountaineerFedor Emelianenko , MMA fighterKhabib Nurmagomedov , formerUFC Lightweight ChampionIslam Makhachev , currentUFC Lightweight Champion and student ofKhabib Nurmagomedov Lisa Cross , body builderMaria Leontyavna Itkina , sprinterMikhail Mamistov , 2-time world champion acrobatic pilotNatalya Nazarova , sprinterSvetlana Kapanina , pilotSvetlana Krivelyova , shot putterYelena Isinbayeva , pole vaulter, 2004 Olympic gold medalistNina Romashkova , powered andglider aerobatic pilotLidia Skoblikova , 2-time Olympic gold medalist speed skaterLev Vainshtein , shooterActivists and revolutionaries [ edit ] Legendary and folk heroes [ edit ] Dobrynya Nikitich ,Ilya Muromets andAlyosha Popovich Alyosha Popovich , young and cunningbogatyr of priest origin, defeated the dragonTugarin Zmeyevich by trickeryBaba Yaga ,witch -like character inRussian folklore , flies around on a giantmortar and lives in thecabin on chicken legs Dobrynya Nikitich ,bogatyr of noble origin, defeated the dragonZmey Gorynych Ilya Muromets ,bogatyr of peasant origin, saint, the greatest of all the legendary bogatyrs, defeated the forest-dwelling monsterNightingale the Robber , defended Rus' from numerous attacks by thesteppe peopleIvan Tsarevich , typical noble protagonist ofRussian fairy tales , often engaged in a struggle withKoschei and rescuing young girlsIvan the Fool , typical simple-minded but lucky protagonist ofRussian fairy tales Koschei "the Deathless", chief male antagonist ofRussian fairy tales , an ugly senile sorcerer and kidnapper of young maids, possesses immortalityNikita the Furrier , town craftsman who released the daughter of PrinceVladimir the Fair Sun from the dragon's captivitySadko , musician and merchant fromVeliky Novgorod , procured wealth and wife from theSea Tsar by playinggusli Svyatogor , giant "sacred mountain" bogatyr, passed his strength toIlya Muromets Vasilisa the Beautiful , young, attractive and often cunning heroine ofRussian fairy tales
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