List of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae recorded from South Africa
Rubiaceae is afamily offlowering plants (anthophytes) in theorder Gentianales , commonly known as thecoffee ,madder , orbedstraw family . It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves withinterpetiolar stipules and sympetalous actinomorphic flowers. The family contains about 13,500species in about 620genera , which makes it the fourth-largest angiosperm family. Rubiaceae has acosmopolitan distribution ; however, the largest species diversity is concentrated in thetropics andsubtropics .[ 1]
23,420 species of vascular plant have been recorded in South Africa, making it the sixth most species-rich country in the world and the most species-rich country on the African continent. Of these, 153 species are considered to be threatened.[ 2] Ninebiomes have been described in South Africa:Fynbos , SucculentKaroo ,desert ,Nama Karoo ,grassland ,savanna ,Albany thickets , theIndian Ocean coastal belt , andforests .[ 3]
The 2018South African National Biodiversity Institute 'sNational Biodiversity Assessment plant checklist lists 35,130 taxa in the phylaAnthocerotophyta (hornworts (6)),Anthophyta (flowering plants (33534)),Bryophyta (mosses (685)),Cycadophyta (cycads (42)),Lycopodiophyta (Lycophytes(45)),Marchantiophyta (liverworts (376)),Pinophyta (conifers (33)), andPteridophyta (cryptogams (408)).[ 4]
65genera are represented in the literature. Listedtaxa includespecies ,subspecies ,varieties , andforms as recorded, some of which have subsequently been allocated to other taxa assynonyms , in which cases the accepted taxon is appended to the listing.[ 4] Multiple entries under alternative names reflecttaxonomic revision over time.
GenusAfrocanthium :[ 4]
GenusAgathisanthemum :[ 4]
Agathisanthemum bojeri Klotzsch, indigenousAgathisanthemum bojeri Klotzsch subsp.bojeri , indigenousAgathisanthemum chlorophyllum (Hochst.) Bremek. indigenousAgathisanthemum chlorophyllum (Hochst.) Bremek. var.chlorophyllum , endemicAgathisanthemum chlorophyllum (Hochst.) Bremek. var.pubescens Bremek. endemicGenusAlberta :[ 4]
GenusAncylanthos :[ 4]
GenusAnthospermum :[ 4]
Anthospermum aethiopicum L. indigenousAnthospermum basuticum Puff, indigenousAnthospermum bergianum Cruse, endemicAnthospermum bicorne Puff, endemicAnthospermum comptonii Puff, endemicAnthospermum crocyllis Sond. accepted asPlocama crocyllis (Sond.) M.Backlund & Thulin, presentAnthospermum dregei Sond. indigenousAnthospermum dregei Sond. subsp.dregei , indigenousAnthospermum dregei Sond. subsp.ecklonis (Sond.) Puff, endemicAnthospermum ericifolium (Licht. ex Roem. & Schult.) Kuntze, endemicAnthospermum esterhuysenianum Puff, indigenousAnthospermum esterhuysenianum Puff var.esterhuysenianum , endemicAnthospermum esterhuysenianum Puff var.hirsutum Puff, endemicAnthospermum galioides Rchb.f. indigenousAnthospermum galioides Rchb.f. subsp.galioides , endemicAnthospermum galioides Rchb.f. subsp.reflexifolium (Kuntze) Puff, endemicAnthospermum galpinii Schltr. endemicAnthospermum herbaceum L.f. indigenousAnthospermum hirtum Cruse, endemicAnthospermum hispidulum E.Mey. ex Sond. indigenousAnthospermum littoreum L.Bolus, endemicAnthospermum monticola Puff, indigenousAnthospermum paniculatum Cruse, endemicAnthospermum prostratum Sond. endemicAnthospermum rigidum Eckl. & Zeyh. indigenousAnthospermum rigidum Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp.pumilum (Sond.) Puff, indigenousAnthospermum rigidum Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp.rigidum , indigenousAnthospermum spathulatum Spreng. indigenousAnthospermum spathulatum Spreng. subsp.ecklonianum (Cruse) Puff, endemicAnthospermum spathulatum Spreng. subsp.saxatile Puff, endemicAnthospermum spathulatum Spreng. subsp.spathulatum , indigenousAnthospermum spathulatum Spreng. subsp.tulbaghense Puff, endemicAnthospermum spathulatum Spreng. subsp.uitenhagense Puff, endemicAnthospermum streyi Puff, endemicAnthospermum welwitschii Hiern, indigenousGenusBreonadia :[ 4]
GenusBurchellia :[ 4]
GenusCanthium :[ 4]
Canthium armatum (K.Schum.) Lantz, indigenousCanthium ciliatum (Klotzsch) Kuntze, indigenousCanthium gilfillanii (N.E.Br.) O.B.Mill. accepted asAfrocanthium gilfillanii (N.E.Br.) Lantz, indigenousCanthium inerme (L.f.) Kuntze, indigenousCanthium kuntzeanum Bridson, indigenousCanthium mundianum Cham. & Schltdl. accepted asAfrocanthium mundianum (Cham. & Schltdl.) Lantz, indigenousCanthium pseudorandii Bridson, accepted asAfrocanthium pseudorandii (Bridson) LantzCanthium setiflorum Hiern, accepted asBullockia setiflora (Hiern) Razafim. Lantz & B.Bremer, presentCanthium spinosum (Klotzsch) Kuntze, indigenousCanthium suberosum Codd, indigenousCanthium vanwykii Tilney & Kok, endemicGenusCarpacoce :[ 4]
GenusCatunaregam :[ 4]
GenusCephalanthus :[ 4]
GenusCoddia :[ 4]
GenusCoffea :[ 4]
GenusConostomium :[ 4]
Conostomium natalense (Hochst.) Bremek. indigenousConostomium natalense (Hochst.) Bremek. var.glabrum Bremek. indigenousConostomium natalense (Hochst.) Bremek. var.natalense , indigenousConostomium natalense (Hochst.) Bremek. var.ovalifolium Bremek. indigenousConostomium zoutpansbergense (Bremek.) Bremek. endemicGenusCoprosma :[ 4]
GenusCoptosperma :[ 4]
GenusCordylostigma :[ 4]
GenusCrocyllis :[ 4]
GenusCrossopteryx :[ 4]
GenusDiodia :[ 4]
GenusDiplospora :[ 4]
GenusEmpogona :[ 4]
GenusEriosemopsis :[ 4]
GenusFadogia :[ 4]
Fadogia homblei De Wild. indigenousFadogia tetraquetra K.Krause, indigenousFadogia tetraquetra K.Krause var.grandiflora (Robyns) Verdc. indigenousFadogia tetraquetra K.Krause var.tetraquetra , indigenousGenusGaillonia :[ 4]
GenusGalium :[ 4]
Galium amatymbicum Eckl. & Zeyh. endemicGalium bredasdorpense Puff, endemicGalium capense Thunb. indigenousGalium capense Thunb. subsp.capense , indigenousGalium capense Thunb. subsp.garipense (Sond.) Puff var.garipense , indigenousGalium capense Thunb. subsp.namaquense (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Puff, endemicGalium monticolum Sond. endemicGalium mucroniferum Sond. indigenousGalium mucroniferum Sond. var.dregeanum (Sond.) Puff, indigenousGalium mucroniferum Sond. var.mucroniferum , endemicGalium rourkei Puff, endemicGalium scabrelloides Puff, indigenousGalium spurium L. indigenousGalium spurium L. subsp.africanum Verdc. indigenousGalium spurium-aparine complex, endemicGalium subvillosum Sond. indigenousGalium subvillosum Sond. var.subglabrum Puff, endemicGalium subvillosum Sond. var.subvillosum , indigenousGalium thunbergianum Eckl. & Zeyh. indigenousGalium thunbergianum Eckl. & Zeyh. var.hirsutum (Sond.) Verdc. indigenousGalium thunbergianum Eckl. & Zeyh. var.thunbergianum , indigenousGalium tomentosum Thunb. indigenousGalium undulatum Puff, endemicGenusGalopina :[ 4]
GenusGardenia :[ 4]
GenusGeophila :[ 4]
GenusGuettarda :[ 4]
GenusHedyotis :[ 4]
GenusHeinsia :[ 4]
Heinsia crinita (Afzel.) G.Taylor, indigenousHeinsia crinita (Afzel.) G.Taylor subsp.parviflora (K.Schum. & K.Krause) Verdc. indigenousGenusHymenodictyon :[ 4]
GenusHyperacanthus :[ 4]
GenusHypobathrum :[ 4]
GenusIxora :[ 4]
GenusKeetia :[ 4]
GenusKohautia :[ 4]
GenusKraussia :[ 4]
GenusLagynias :[ 4]
GenusLeptactina :[ 4]
GenusMitriostigma :[ 4]
GenusNenax :[ 4]
Nenax acerosa Gaertn. indigenousNenax acerosa Gaertn. subsp.acerosa , endemicNenax acerosa Gaertn. subsp.macrocarpa (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Puff, endemicNenax arenicola Puff, endemicNenax cinerea (Thunb.) Puff, indigenousNenax coronata Puff, endemicNenax divaricata T.M.Salter, endemicNenax elsieae Puff, endemicNenax hirta (Cruse) T.M.Salter, indigenousNenax hirta (Cruse) T.M.Salter subsp.calciphila Puff, endemicNenax hirta (Cruse) T.M.Salter subsp.hirta , endemicNenax microphylla (Sond.) T.M.Salter, indigenousNenax namaquensis Puff, endemicNenax velutina J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, indigenousGenusOldenlandia :[ 4]
Oldenlandia affinis (Roem. & Schult.) DC. indigenousOldenlandia affinis (Roem. & Schult.) DC. subsp.fugax (Vatke) Verdc. indigenousOldenlandia capensis L.f. indigenousOldenlandia capensis L.f. var.capensis , indigenousOldenlandia cephalotes (Hochst.) Kuntze, indigenousOldenlandia corymbosa L. indigenousOldenlandia corymbosa L. var.caespitosa (Benth.) Verdc. indigenousOldenlandia geminiflora (Sond.) Kuntze, endemicOldenlandia herbacea (L.) Roxb. indigenousOldenlandia herbacea (L.) Roxb. var.flaccida Bremek. indigenousOldenlandia herbacea (L.) Roxb. var.herbacea , indigenousOldenlandia herbacea (L.) Roxb. var.suffruticosa Bremek. endemicOldenlandia lancifolia (Schumach.) DC. indigenousOldenlandia lancifolia (Schumach.) DC. var.scabridula Bremek. indigenousOldenlandia muscosa Bremek. indigenousOldenlandia rosulata K.Schum. indigenousOldenlandia rosulata K.Schum. var.rosulata , indigenousOldenlandia rupicola (Sond.) Kuntze, indigenousOldenlandia rupicola (Sond.) Kuntze var.hirtula (Sond.) Bremek. indigenousOldenlandia rupicola (Sond.) Kuntze var.rupicola , indigenousOldenlandia tenella (Hochst.) Kuntze, indigenousOldenlandia virgata (Willd.) DC. accepted asCordylostigma virgata (Willd.) Groeninckx & Dessein, indigenousGenusOtiophora :[ 4]
Otiophora calycophylla (Sond.) Schltr. & K.Schum. indigenousOtiophora calycophylla (Sond.) Schltr. & K.Schum. subsp.calycophylla , endemicOtiophora calycophylla (Sond.) Schltr. & K.Schum. subsp.verdcourtii Puff, endemicOtiophora cupheoides N.E.Br. indigenousGenusOxyanthus :[ 4]
Oxyanthus latifolius Sond. indigenousOxyanthus pyriformis (Hochst.) Skeels, indigenousOxyanthus pyriformis (Hochst.) Skeels subsp.pyriformis , indigenousOxyanthus speciosus DC. indigenousOxyanthus speciosus DC. subsp.gerrardii (Sond.) Bridson, indigenousOxyanthus speciosus DC. subsp.stenocarpus (K.Schum.) Bridson, indigenousGenusPachystigma :[ 4]
GenusPaederia :[ 4]
Paederia bojeriana (A.Rich.) Drake, indigenousPaederia bojeriana (A.Rich.) Drake subsp.foetens (Hiern) Verdc. indigenousGenusPavetta :[ 4]
Pavetta alexandrae Bremek. accepted asPavetta lanceolata Eckl. presentPavetta assimilis Sond. var.assimilis , accepted asPavetta gardeniifolia A.Rich. var.gardeniifolia , presentPavetta assimilis Sond. var.brevituba-glabra Bremek. accepted asPavetta gardeniifolia A.Rich. var.gardeniifolia , presentPavetta assimilis Sond. var.brevituba-pubescens Bremek. accepted asPavetta gardeniifolia A.Rich. var.subtomentosa K.Schum. presentPavetta assimilis Sond. var.pubescens Bremek. accepted asPavetta gardeniifolia A.Rich. var.subtomentosa K.Schum. presentPavetta barbertonensis Bremek. indigenousPavetta bowkeri Harv. endemicPavetta breyeri Bremek. accepted asPavetta gracilifolia Bremek. presentPavetta capensis (Houtt.) Bremek. indigenousPavetta capensis (Houtt.) Bremek. subsp.capensis , endemicPavetta capensis (Houtt.) Bremek. subsp.komghensis (Bremek.) Kok, endemicPavetta catophylla K.Schum. indigenousPavetta cooperi Harv. & Sond. indigenousPavetta disarticulata Galpin, accepted asPavetta edentula Sond. presentPavetta edentula Sond. indigenousPavetta eylesii S.Moore, indigenousPavetta galpinii Bremek. indigenousPavetta gardeniifolia A.Rich. indigenousPavetta gardeniifolia A.Rich. var.gardeniifolia , indigenousPavetta gardeniifolia A.Rich. var.subtomentosa K.Schum. indigenousPavetta gerstneri Bremek. indigenousPavetta glaucophylla S.J.Siebert, Retief & A.E.van Wyk, endemicPavetta gracilifolia Bremek. indigenousPavetta harborii S.Moore, indigenousPavetta heidelbergensis Bremek. accepted asPavetta gardeniifolia A.Rich. var.subtomentosa K.Schum. presentPavetta inandensis Bremek. indigenousPavetta inconspicua Dinter ex Bremek. accepted asPavetta zeyheri Sond. subsp.zeyheri Pavetta kotzei Bremek. endemicPavetta krauseana K.Krause, accepted asPavetta gardeniifolia A.Rich. var.gardeniifolia Pavetta lanceolata Eckl. indigenousPavetta natalensis Sond. endemicPavetta opaca Bremek. accepted asPavetta lanceolata Eckl. presentPavetta revoluta Hochst. indigenousPavetta schumanniana F.Hoffm. ex K.Schum. indigenousPavetta trichardtensis Bremek. endemicPavetta tristis Bremek. accepted asPavetta lanceolata Eckl. presentPavetta tshikondeni N.Hahn, endemicPavetta vanwykiana Bridson, indigenousPavetta woodii Bremek. accepted asPavetta gracilifolia Bremek. presentPavetta zeyheri Sond. indigenousPavetta zeyheri Sond. subsp.microlancea (K.Schum.) P.P.J.Herman, endemicPavetta zeyheri Sond. subsp.middelburgensis (Bremek.) P.P.J.Herman, endemicPavetta zeyheri Sond. subsp.zeyheri , indigenousGenusPentanisia :[ 4]
GenusPentas :[ 4]
GenusPentodon :[ 4]
Pentodon pentandrus (Schumach. & Thonn.) Vatke, indigenousPentodon pentandrus (Schumach. & Thonn.) Vatke var.minor Bremek. indigenousPentodon pentandrus (Schumach. & Thonn.) Vatke var.pentandrus , indigenousGenusPhylohydrax :[ 4]
GenusPlectronia :[ 4]
GenusPlectroniella :[ 4]
GenusPlocama :[ 4]
GenusPsychotria :[ 4]
Psychotria capensis (Eckl.) Vatke, indigenousPsychotria capensis (Eckl.) Vatke subsp.capensis , indigenousPsychotria capensis (Eckl.) Vatke subsp.capensis var.capensis , indigenousPsychotria capensis (Eckl.) Vatke subsp.capensis var.pubescens , endemicPsychotria zombamontana (Kuntze) E.M.A.Petit, indigenousGenusPsydrax :[ 4]
GenusPygmaeothamnus :[ 4]
Pygmaeothamnus chamaedendrum (Kuntze) Robyns, indigenousPygmaeothamnus chamaedendrum (Kuntze) Robyns var.chamaedendrum , endemicPygmaeothamnus chamaedendrum (Kuntze) Robyns var.setulosus Robyns, indigenousPygmaeothamnus zeyheri (Sond.) Robyns, indigenousPygmaeothamnus zeyheri (Sond.) Robyns var.rogersii Robyns, endemicPygmaeothamnus zeyheri (Sond.) Robyns var.zeyheri , indigenousGenusPyrostria :[ 4]
GenusRandia :[ 4]
GenusRichardia :[ 4]
GenusRothmannia :[ 4]
Rothmannia capensis Thunb. indigenousRothmannia fischeri (K.Schum.) Bullock, indigenousRothmannia fischeri (K.Schum.) Bullock subsp.fischeri , indigenousRothmannia fischeri (K.Schum.) Bullock subsp.moramballae (Hiern) Bridson, indigenousRothmannia globosa (Hochst.) Keay, indigenousGenusRubia :[ 4]
GenusRytigynia :[ 4]
Rytigynia celastroides (Baill.) Verdc. indigenousRytigynia celastroides (Baill.) Verdc. var.australis Verdc. indigenousGenusSericanthe :[ 4]
Sericanthe andongensis (Hiern) Robbr. indigenousSericanthe andongensis (Hiern) Robbr. subsp.andongensis , indigenousSericanthe andongensis (Hiern) Robbr. subsp.andongensis var.andongensis , indigenousSericanthe andongensis (Hiern) Robbr. subsp.legatii (Hutch.) Jordaan & H.M.Steyn, indigenousGenusSherardia :[ 4]
GenusSpermacoce :[ 4]
GenusStylocoryne :[ 4]
GenusTapiphyllum :[ 4]
GenusTarenna :[ 4]
Tarenna junodii (Schinz) Bremek. indigenousTarenna littoralis (Hiern) Bridson, accepted asCoptosperma littorale (Hiern) Degreef, presentTarenna nigrescens (Hook.f.) Hiern, accepted asCoptosperma nigrescens Hook.f.Tarenna pavettoides (Harv.) Sim, indigenousTarenna pavettoides (Harv.) Sim subsp.pavettoides , indigenousTarenna supra-axillaris (Hemsl.) Bremek. subsp.barbertonensis (Bremek.) Bridson, accepted asCoptosperma supra-axillare (Hemsl.) Degreef, presentTarenna zimbabwensis Bridson, accepted asCoptosperma rhodesiacum (Bremek.) Degreef, presentTarenna zygoon Bridson, accepted asCoptosperma zygoon (Bridson) Degreef, presentGenusTricalysia :[ 4]
Tricalysia africana (Sim) Robbr. accepted asEmpogona africana (Sim) Tosh & Robbr. endemicTricalysia allenii (Stapf) Brenan, accepted asEmpogona kirkii Hook.f. subsp.kirkii , indigenousTricalysia allenii (Stapf) Brenan var.australis (Schweick.) Brenan, accepted asEmpogona kirkii Hook.f. subsp.junodii (Schinz) Tosh & Robbr. indigenousTricalysia allenii (Stapf) Brenan var.kirkii (Hook.f.) Brenan, accepted asEmpogona kirkii Hook.f. subsp.kirkii , indigenousTricalysia cacondensis Hiern, accepted asEmpogona cacondensis (Hiern) Tosh & Robbr. indigenousTricalysia capensis (Meisn. ex Hochst.) Sim, indigenousTricalysia capensis (Meisn. ex Hochst.) Sim var.capensis , indigenousTricalysia capensis (Meisn. ex Hochst.) Sim var.galpinii (Schinz) Robbr. indigenousTricalysia capensis (Meisn. ex Hochst.) Sim var.transvaalensis Robbr. indigenousTricalysia coriacea (Benth.) Hiern, indigenousTricalysia delagoensis Schinz, indigenousTricalysia galpinii Schinz, accepted asTricalysia capensis (Meisn. ex Hochst.) Sim var.galpinii (Schinz) Robbr. indigenousTricalysia junodii (Schinz) Brenan, accepted asEmpogona kirkii Hook.f. subsp.junodii (Schinz) Tosh & Robbr. indigenousTricalysia junodii (Schinz) Brenan var.kirkii (Hook.f.) Robbr. accepted asEmpogona kirkii Hook.f. subsp.kirkii , indigenousTricalysia lanceolata (Sond.) Burtt Davy, accepted asEmpogona lanceolata (Sond.) Tosh & Robbr. indigenousTricalysia maputensis Bridson & A.E.van Wyk, accepted asEmpogona maputensis (Bridson & A.E.van Wyk) Tosh & Robbr. indigenousTricalysia sonderiana Hiern, accepted asEmpogona coriacea (Sond.) Tosh & Robbr. indigenousGenusTrichostachys :[ 4]
GenusVangueria :[ 4]
Vangueria bowkeri (Robyns) Lantz, indigenousVangueria coerulea (Robyns) Lantz, indigenousVangueria dryadum S.Moore, indigenousVangueria esculenta S.Moore, indigenousVangueria infausta Burch. indigenousVangueria infausta Burch. subsp.infausta , indigenousVangueria lasiantha (Sond.) Sond. indigenousVangueria lasioclados K.Schum. accepted asVangueria proschii Briq.Vangueria madagascariensis J.F.Gmel. indigenousVangueria monteiroi (Oliv.) Lantz, indigenousVangueria randii S.Moore, indigenousVangueria randii S.Moore subsp.chartacea (Robyns) Verdc. indigenousVangueria soutpansbergensis N.Hahn, endemicVangueria thamnus (Robyns) Lantz, endemicVangueria triflora (Robyns) Lantz, endemic
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