Flowering plants in the order Rosales recorded from South Africa
Rosales is anorder offlowering plants .[ 1] sister taxon to aclade consisting ofFagales andCucurbitales .[ 2] basal clade consists of the family Rosaceae; another clade consists of four families, includingRhamnaceae ; and the third clade consists of the foururticalean families.[ 3] supported asmonophyletic inphylogenetic analyses ofDNA sequences .[ 4]
Theanthophytes are a grouping of plant taxa bearing flower-like reproductive structures. They were formerly thought to be aclade comprising plants bearing flower-like structures. The group contained theangiosperms - the extant flowering plants, such asroses andgrasses - as well as theGnetales and the extinctBennettitales .[ 5]
23,420 species of vascular plant have been recorded in South Africa, making it the sixth most species-rich country in the world and the most species-rich country on the African continent. Of these, 153 species are considered to be threatened.[ 6] biomes have been described in South Africa:Fynbos , SucculentKaroo ,desert ,Nama Karoo ,grassland ,savanna ,Albany thickets , theIndian Ocean coastal belt , andforests .[ 7]
The 2018South African National Biodiversity Institute 'sNational Biodiversity Assessment plant checklist lists 35,130 taxa in the phylaAnthocerotophyta (hornworts (6)),Anthophyta (flowering plants (33534)),Bryophyta (mosses (685)),Cycadophyta (cycads (42)),Lycopodiophyta (Lycophytes(45)),Marchantiophyta (liverworts (376)),Pinophyta (conifers (33)), andPteridophyta (cryptogams (408)).[ 8]
Sixfamilies are represented in the literature. Listedtaxa includespecies ,subspecies ,varieties , andforms as recorded, some of which have subsequently been allocated to other taxa assynonyms , in which cases the accepted taxon is appended to the listing. Multiple entries under alternative names reflecttaxonomic revision over time.
GenusCannabis [ 8]
Cannabis sativa Cannabis sativa L. var.indica (Lam.) Wehmer, not indigenous, naturalisedCannabis sativa L. var.sativa , not indigenous, naturalisedCannabis sativa L. var.spontanea Vavilov, not indigenous, naturalisedGenusCeltis [ 8]
GenusChaetachme [ 8]
GenusTrema [ 8]
GenusFicus [ 8]
Ficus abutilifolia Ficus bizanae Ficus bubu Ficus burkei Ficus burtt-davyi Ficus caffra (Miq.) Miq. var.longipes Warb. accepted asFicus ingens Ficus caffra (Miq.) Miq. var.natalensis Warb. accepted asFicus ingens Ficus capreifolia Ficus carica Ficus cordata Ficus cordata Thunb. subsp.cordata , indigenousFicus cordata Thunb. subsp.salicifolia (Vahl) C.C.Berg, accepted asFicus salicifolia Ficus cordata Thunb. var.fleckii Warb. accepted asFicus cordata cordata Ficus cordata Thunb. var.marlothii Warb. accepted asFicus cordata cordata Ficus craterostoma Ficus damarensis Ficus sycomorus gnaphalocarpa (Miq.) C.C.BergFicus durbanii Ficus natalensis natalensis , presentFicus glumosa Ficus guerichiana Ficus ilicina Ficus hippopotami Ficus trichopoda Ficus ilicina Ficus ingens Ficus ingens (Miq.) Miq. var.ingens , indigenousFicus lingua Ficus lingua De Wild. & T.Durand subsp.depauperata (Sim) C.C.Berg, indigenousFicus lutea Ficus macrophylla Ficus natalensis Ficus natalensis Hochst. subsp.graniticola J.E.Burrows, indigenousFicus natalensis Hochst. subsp.natalensis , indigenousFicus natalensis Hochst. var.latifolia Warb. accepted asFicus natalensis natalensis , presentFicus natalensis Hochst. var.puberula Warb. accepted asFicus burkei Ficus petersii Ficus phillipsii Ficus burkei Ficus polita Ficus polita Vahl subsp.polita , indigenousFicus salicifolia Ficus sansibarica Ficus sansibarica Warb. subsp.sansibarica , indigenousFicus soldanella Ficus abutilifolia Ficus stuhlmannii Ficus sur Ficus sycomorus Ficus sycomorus L. subsp.gnaphalocarpa (Miq.) C.C.Berg, indigenousFicus sycomorus L. subsp.sycomorus , indigenousFicus tettensis Ficus thonningii Ficus tremula tremula , indigenousFicus trichopoda Ficus verruculosa GenusMaclura [ 8]
GenusMorus [ 8]
GenusSycomorus [ 8]
GenusTrilepisium [ 8]
GenusBerchemia [ 8]
GenusColubrina [ 8]
GenusHelinus [ 8]
GenusLasiodiscus [ 8]
GenusNoltea [ 8]
GenusPhylica [ 8]
Phylica abietina Phylica acmaephylla Phylica aemula Phylica aemula Schltr. var.aemula , endemicPhylica aemula Schltr. var.multibracteolata Pillans, endemicPhylica affinis Phylica agathosmoides Phylica alba Phylica alpina Phylica alticola Phylica altigena Phylica ambigua Phylica amoena Phylica ampliata Phylica anomala Phylica apiculata Phylica atrata Phylica axillaris Phylica axillaris Lam. var.axillaris , endemicPhylica axillaris Lam. var.cooperi Pillans, endemicPhylica axillaris Lam. var.densifolia Pillans, endemicPhylica axillaris Lam. var.gracilis Pillans, endemicPhylica axillaris Lam. var.hirsuta Sond. endemicPhylica axillaris Lam. var.lutescens (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Pillans, endemicPhylica axillaris Lam. var.maritima Pillans, endemicPhylica axillaris Lam. var.microphylla (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Pillans, endemicPhylica axillaris Lam. var.pulchra Pillans, endemicPhylica barbata Phylica barnardii Phylica bolusii Phylica brachycephala Phylica brevifolia Phylica burchellii Phylica buxifolia Phylica calcarata Phylica callosa Phylica cephalantha Phylica chionocephala Phylica chionophila Phylica comosa Phylica comptonii Phylica confusa Phylica constricta Phylica constricta Pillans var.constricta , endemicPhylica constricta Pillans var.staavioides Pillans, endemicPhylica costata Phylica cryptandroides Phylica curvifolia Phylica cuspidata Phylica cuspidata Eckl. & Zeyh. var.cuspidata , endemicPhylica cuspidata Eckl. & Zeyh. var.minor Pillans, endemicPhylica cylindrica Phylica debilis Phylica debilis Eckl. & Zeyh. var.debilis , endemicPhylica debilis Eckl. & Zeyh. var.fourcadei Pillans, endemicPhylica diffusa Phylica diffusa Pillans var.burchellii Pillans, endemicPhylica diffusa Pillans var.diffusa , endemicPhylica dioica Phylica diosmoides Phylica disticha Phylica disticha Eckl. & Zeyh. var.cuneata Pillans, endemicPhylica disticha Eckl. & Zeyh. var.disticha , endemicPhylica dodii Phylica elimensis Phylica ericoides Phylica ericoides L. var.ericoides , endemicPhylica ericoides L. var.montana Pillans, endemicPhylica ericoides L. var.muirii Pillans, endemicPhylica ericoides L. var.pauciflora Pillans, endemicPhylica ericoides L. var.zeyheri Pillans, endemicPhylica excelsa Phylica excelsa J.C.Wendl. var.excelsa , endemicPhylica excelsa J.C.Wendl. var.papillosa (J.C.Wendl.) Sond. endemicPhylica floccosa Phylica floribunda Phylica fourcadei Phylica fruticosa Phylica galpinii Phylica glabrata Phylica gnidioides Phylica gracilis Phylica greyii Phylica guthriei Phylica harveyi Phylica hirta Phylica humilis Phylica imberbis Phylica imberbis P.J.Bergius var.eriophoros (P.J.Bergius) Pillans, endemicPhylica imberbis P.J.Bergius var.imberbis , endemicPhylica imberbis P.J.Bergius var.secunda Sond. endemicPhylica incurvata Phylica insignis Phylica intrusa Phylica karroica Phylica keetii Phylica keetii Pillans var.keetii , endemicPhylica keetii Pillans var.mollis Pillans, endemicPhylica lachneaeoides Phylica laevifolia Phylica laevigata Phylica laevis Phylica lanata Phylica lasiantha Phylica lasiocarpa Phylica leipoldtii Phylica levynsiae Phylica linifolia Phylica litoralis Phylica longimontana Phylica lucens Phylica lucida Phylica mairei Phylica marlothii Phylica marlothii Pillans var.crassa Pillans, endemicPhylica marlothii Pillans var.levynsiae Pillans, endemicPhylica marlothii Pillans var.marlothii , endemicPhylica maximiliani Phylica meyeri Phylica minutiflora Phylica montana Phylica mundii Phylica natalensis Phylica nervosa Phylica nigrita Phylica nigromontana Phylica nodosa Phylica obtusifolia Phylica odorata Phylica oleifolia Phylica paniculata Phylica parviflora Phylica parvula Phylica pauciflora Phylica pearsonii Phylica pinea Phylica piquetbergensis Phylica plumigera Phylica plumosa Phylica plumosa L. var.horizontalis (Vent.) Sond. endemicPhylica plumosa L. var.plumosa , endemicPhylica plumosa L. var.squarrosa (Vent.) Sond. endemicPhylica propinqua Phylica pubescens Phylica pubescens Aiton var.angustifolia Sond. endemicPhylica pubescens Aiton var.orientalis Pillans, endemicPhylica pubescens Aiton var.pubescens , endemicPhylica pulchella Phylica purpurea Phylica purpurea Sond. var.floccosa Pillans, endemicPhylica purpurea Sond. var.pearsonii Pillans, endemicPhylica purpurea Sond. var.purpurea , endemicPhylica pustulata Phylica radiata Staavia radiata Phylica recurvifolia Phylica retorta Phylica retrorsa Phylica reversa Phylica rigida Phylica rigidifolia Phylica rogersii Phylica rubra Phylica salteri Phylica schlechteri Phylica selaginoides Phylica sericea Phylica simii Phylica spicata Phylica spicata L.f. var.piquetbergensis Pillans, endemicPhylica spicata L.f. var.spicata , endemicPhylica stenantha Phylica stenopetala Phylica stenopetala Schltr. var.sieberi Pillans, endemicPhylica stenopetala Schltr. var.stenopetala , endemicPhylica stipularis Trichocephalus stipularis Phylica stokoei Phylica strigosa Phylica strigosa P.J.Bergius var.australis Pillans, endemicPhylica strigosa P.J.Bergius var.dregei Pillans, endemicPhylica strigosa P.J.Bergius var.elongata Pillans, endemicPhylica strigosa P.J.Bergius var.macowanii Pillans, endemicPhylica strigosa P.J.Bergius var.strigosa , endemicPhylica strigulosa Phylica subulifolia Phylica thodei Phylica thunbergiana Phylica tortuosa Phylica trachyphylla Phylica trichotoma Staavia trichotoma Phylica tuberculata Phylica tubulosa Phylica tysonii Phylica tysonii Pillans var.brevifolia Pillans, endemicPhylica tysonii Pillans var.tysonii , endemicPhylica variabilis Phylica velutina Phylica villosa Phylica villosa Thunb. var.pedicellata (DC.) Sond. endemicPhylica villosa Thunb. var.villosa , endemicPhylica virgata Phylica vulgaris Phylica vulgaris Pillans var.burchellii Pillans, endemicPhylica vulgaris Pillans var.major Pillans, endemicPhylica vulgaris Pillans var.vulgaris , endemicPhylica willdenowiana Phylica wittebergensis GenusRhamnus [ 8]
GenusScutia [ 8]
GenusTrichocephalus [ 8]
GenusZiziphus [ 8]
GenusAcaena [ 8]
GenusAgrimonia [ 8]
GenusAlchemilla [ 8]
GenusCliffortia [ 8]
Cliffortia acanthophylla Cliffortia acockii Cliffortia aculeata Cliffortia acutifolia Cliffortia alata Cliffortia amplexistipula Cliffortia anthospermoides Cliffortia apiculata Cliffortia arborea Cliffortia arcuata Cliffortia atrata Cliffortia baccans Cliffortia brevifolia Cliffortia browniana Cliffortia burchellii Cliffortia burgersii Cliffortia carinata Cliffortia castanea Cliffortia ceresana Cliffortia cervicornu Cliffortia complanata Cliffortia concinna Cliffortia conifera Cliffortia crassinervis Cliffortia crenata Cliffortia crenulata Cliffortia cristata Cliffortia cruciata Cliffortia cuneata Cliffortia curvifolia Cliffortia cymbifolia Cliffortia densa Cliffortia dentata Cliffortia denticulata Cliffortia dichotoma Cliffortia discolor Cliffortia dispar Cliffortia dodecandra Cliffortia dracomontana Cliffortia dregeana Cliffortia dregeana C.Presl var.dregeana , endemicCliffortia dregeana C.Presl var.meyeriana (C.Presl) Weim. endemicCliffortia drepanoides Cliffortia erectisepala Cliffortia ericifolia Cliffortia eriocephalina Cliffortia esterhuyseniae Cliffortia exilifolia Cliffortia falcata Cliffortia fasciculata Cliffortia ferricola Cliffortia ferruginea Cliffortia filicaulis Cliffortia filicaulis Schltdl. var.filicaulis , endemicCliffortia filicaulis Schltdl. var.octandra (Cham.) Weim. endemicCliffortia filicauloides Cliffortia filifolia Cliffortia geniculata Cliffortia glauca Cliffortia gracilis Cliffortia gracillima Cliffortia graminea Cliffortia graminea L.f. var.convoluta Weim. endemicCliffortia graminea L.f. var.elegans Weim. endemicCliffortia graminea L.f. var.graminea , endemicCliffortia grandifolia Cliffortia grandifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. var.denticulata Weim. accepted asCliffortia denticulata Cliffortia grandifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. var.grandifolia , indigenousCliffortia grandifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. var.recurvata Weim. accepted asCliffortia recurvata Cliffortia hantamensis Cliffortia hermaphroditica Cliffortia heterophylla Cliffortia hexandra Cliffortia hirsuta Cliffortia hirta Cliffortia ilicifolia Cliffortia ilicifolia L. var.cordifolia (Lam.) Harv. endemicCliffortia ilicifolia L. var.ilicifolia , endemicCliffortia ilicifolia L. var.incisa Harv. endemicCliffortia ilicifolia L. var.reniformis Weim. accepted asCliffortia reniformis Cliffortia ilicifolia L. var.schlechteri Weim. accepted asCliffortia schlechteri Cliffortia incana Cliffortia integerrima Cliffortia intermedia Cliffortia juniperina Cliffortia juniperina L.f. var.juniperina , endemicCliffortia juniperina L.f. var.pilosula Weim. endemicCliffortia lanata Cliffortia lanceolata Cliffortia lepida Cliffortia linearifolia Cliffortia longifolia Cliffortia marginata Cliffortia micrantha Cliffortia mirabilis Cliffortia monophylla Cliffortia montana Cliffortia multiformis Cliffortia neglecta Cliffortia nitidula Cliffortia nitidula (Engl.) R.E.Fr. & T.C.E.Fr. subsp.nitidula , indigenousCliffortia nitidula (Engl.) R.E.Fr. & T.C.E.Fr. subsp.pilosa Weim. indigenousCliffortia nivenioides Cliffortia obcordata Cliffortia obovata Cliffortia odorata Cliffortia oligodonta Cliffortia ovalis Cliffortia paucistaminea Cliffortia paucistaminea Weim. var.australis C.M.Whitehouse, endemicCliffortia paucistaminea Weim. var.paucistaminea , indigenousCliffortia pedunculata Cliffortia perpendicularis Cliffortia phillipsii Cliffortia phyllanthoides Cliffortia pilifera Cliffortia polita Cliffortia polygonifolia Cliffortia polygonifolia L. var.membranifolia Weim. endemicCliffortia polygonifolia L. var.polygonifolia , endemicCliffortia polygonifolia L. var.pubescens Weim. endemicCliffortia polygonifolia L. var.trifoliata (L.) Harv. endemicCliffortia prionota Cliffortia propinqua Cliffortia pterocarpa Cliffortia pulchella Cliffortia pulchella L.f. var.mucronulata Weim. endemicCliffortia pulchella L.f. var.pulchella , endemicCliffortia pungens Cliffortia ramosissima Cliffortia recurvata Cliffortia reniformis Cliffortia repens Cliffortia reticulata Cliffortia rigida Cliffortia robusta Cliffortia ruscifolia Cliffortia ruscifolia L. var.purpurea Weim. endemicCliffortia ruscifolia L. var.ruscifolia , endemicCliffortia scandens Cliffortia schlechteri Cliffortia semiteres Cliffortia sericea Cliffortia serpyllifolia Cliffortia setifolia Cliffortia sparsa Cliffortia spathulata Cliffortia stricta Cliffortia strigosa Cliffortia strobilifera Cliffortia subdura Cliffortia subsetacea Cliffortia tenuis Cliffortia teretifolia Cliffortia theodori-friesii Cliffortia theodori-friesii Weim. var.puberula Weim. endemicCliffortia theodori-friesii Weim. var.theodori-friesii , endemicCliffortia tricuspidata Cliffortia triloba Cliffortia tuberculata Cliffortia tuberculata (Harv.) Weim. var.muricata (Harv.) Weim. endemicCliffortia tuberculata (Harv.) Weim. var.tuberculata , endemicCliffortia uncinata Cliffortia uncinata Weim. var.recta Weim. endemicCliffortia uncinata Weim. var.uncinata , endemicCliffortia varians Cliffortia verrucosa Cliffortia virgata Cliffortia viridis Cliffortia weimarckii GenusCotoneaster [ 8]
Cotoneaster coriaceus Cotoneaster franchetii Cotoneaster glaucophyllus Cotoneaster pannosus Cotoneaster salicifolius Cotoneaster simonsii GenusCrataegus [ 8]
GenusCydonia [ 8]
GenusDuchesnea [ 8]
GenusEriobotrya [ 8]
GenusFragaria [ 8]
GenusGeum [ 8]
GenusLeucosidea [ 8]
GenusPotentilla [ 8]
GenusPrunus [ 8]
Prunus africana Prunus persica Prunus persica (L.) Batsch var.persica , accepted asPrunus persica Prunus salicifolia Prunus serotina Prunus serotina Ehrh. var.serotina , not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasiveGenusPyracantha [ 8]
Pyracantha angustifolia Pyracantha coccinea Pyracantha crenatoserrata Pyracantha crenulata Pyracantha koidzumii GenusPyrus [ 8]
GenusRhaphiolepis [ 8]
GenusRosa [ 8]
Rosa eglanteria Rosa rubiginosa Rosa multiflora Rosa multiflora Thunb. ex J.Murray var.cathayensis Rehder & E.H.Wilson, not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasiveRosa multiflora Thunb. ex J.Murray var.welchii , not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasiveRosa rubiginosa Rosa x odorata GenusRubus [ 8]
Rubus affinis Rubus apetalus Rubus apetalus Poir. var.apetalus , indigenousRubus cuneifolius Rubus ellipticus Rubus flagellaris Rubus fruticosus Rubus immixtus Rubus intercurrens Rubus longepedicellatus Rubus ludwigii Rubus ludwigii Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp.ludwigii , indigenousRubus ludwigii Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp.spatiosus C.H.Stirt. endemicRubus niveus Rubus pascuus Rubus phoenicolasius Rubus pinnatus Rubus rigidus Rubus rosifolius Rubus transvaaliensis Rubus transvaaliensis Gust. var.transvaaliensis , endemicRubus trifoliolatus Rubus x proteus GenusSanguisorba [ 8]
Sanguisorba minor Sanguisorba minor Scop. subsp.muricata Briq. not indigenous, naturalisedGenusUlmus [ 8]
GenusDidymodoxa [ 8]
Didymodoxa caffra Didymodoxa capensis Didymodoxa capensis (L.f.) Friis & Wilmot-Dear var.capensis , indigenousDidymodoxa capensis (L.f.) Friis & Wilmot-Dear var.integrifolia (Wedd.) Friis & Wilmot-Dear, endemicGenusDroguetia [ 8]
Droguetia ambigua Droguetia iners Droguetia iners (Forssk.) Schweinf. subsp.burchellii (N.E.Br.) Friis & Wilmot-Dear, endemicDroguetia iners (Forssk.) Schweinf. subsp.iners , indigenousGenusForsskaolea [ 8]
GenusGirardinia [ 8]
GenusLaportea [ 8]
GenusObetia [ 8]
GenusParietaria [ 8]
GenusPilea [ 8]
GenusPouzolzia [ 8]
GenusUrera [ 8]
GenusUrtica [ 8]
^ Stevens, Peter F. (2001)."Rosales" .www.mobot.org . Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved10 November 2020 . ^ Hengchang Wang; Michael J. Moore;Pamela S. Soltis ; Charles D. Bell; Samuel F. Brockington; Roolse Alexandre; Charles C. Davis; Maribeth Latvis; Steven R. Manchester;Douglas E. Soltis (10 March 2009)."Rosid radiation and the rapid rise of angiosperm-dominated forests" .Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences .106 (10):3853– 3858.Bibcode :2009PNAS..106.3853W .doi :10.1073/pnas.0813376106 PMC 2644257 PMID 19223592 . ^ Douglas E. Soltis, et alii. (28 authors) (2011)."Angiosperm Phylogeny: 17 genes, 640 taxa" .American Journal of Botany .98 (4):704– 730.doi :10.3732/ajb.1000404 .hdl :2027.42/142064 PMID 21613169 . {{cite journal }}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link )^ Judd, Walter S.; Campbell, Christopher S.;Kellogg, Elizabeth A. ;Stevens, Peter F. ; Donoghue, Michael J. (2008).Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach (Third ed.). Sunderland, MA, USA.: Sinauer Associates.ISBN 978-0-87893-407-2 ^ Doyle, J. A.; Donoghue, M. J. (1986). "Seed plant phylogeny and the origin of the angiosperms - an experimental cladistic approach".Botanical Review .52 (4):321– 431.doi :10.1007/bf02861082 .S2CID 44844947 . ^ Butler, Rhett A. (1 July 2019)."Total number of plant species by country" . Mongabay. Retrieved21 July 2019 . ^ "Vegetation of South Africa" .PlantZAfrica.com . SA National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved24 July 2019 .^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf "species_checklist_20180710.csv" . South African National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved27 September 2020 .
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