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List of Jewish Nobel laureates

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Sign on Nobel Laureates Boulevard inRishon LeZion saluting Jewish Nobel laureates

Of the 965 individual recipients of theNobel Prize and theNobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences between 1901 and 2025,[1] at least 220 have beenJews or people with at least one Jewish parent, representing 22% of all recipients. Jews constitute only 0.2% of the world's population, meaning their share of winners is 110 times their proportion of the world's population.[2][3][4][5]

Jews have been awarded all six of the Nobel Foundation's awards:[3]

Adolf von Baeyer, recipient of the 1905 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, was Jewish on his mother's side and is considered the first Jewish awardee.[6]

Jewish laureatesElie Wiesel andImre Kertész survived theextermination camps duringthe Holocaust.[7]François Englert survived by being hidden in orphanages and children's homes.[8] Others, such asHans Bethe,Walter Kohn,Otto Stern,Albert Einstein,Hans Krebs andMartin Karplus, fledNazi Germany to avoid persecution.[9][10]: 111 [11] Still others, includingRita Levi-Montalcini,Herbert Hauptman,Robert Furchgott,Arthur Kornberg, andJerome Karle, experienced significantantisemitism in their careers.[10]: 111, 112 

Arthur Ashkin, a 96-year-old American Jew, was, at the time of his award, the oldest person to receive a Nobel Prize.[12][13]

Chemistry

[edit]
YearLaureateCountryRationale
1905Adolf von BaeyerGermany"in recognition of his services in the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry, through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds"[14]
1906Henri Moissan[15][16][17][18][19]France"[for his] investigation and isolation of the elementfluorine, and for [the]electric furnace called after him"[20]
1910Otto Wallach[15][16][17][18]Germany"[for] his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field ofalicyclic compounds"[21]
1915Richard Willstätter[15][16][17][18]Germany"for his researches on plant pigments, especiallychlorophyll"[22]
1918Fritz Haber[15][16][17][18][23]Germany"for thesynthesis of ammonia from its elements"[24]
1943George de Hevesy[15][16][17][18]Hungary"for his work on the use of isotopes astracers in the study of chemical processes"[25]
1961Melvin Calvin[15][16][17][18]United States"for his research on thecarbon dioxide assimilation in plants"[26]
1962Max Perutz[15][16][17][18][27]United Kingdom / Austria"for their studies of the structures ofglobular proteins"[28]
1972Christian B. AnfinsenChristian B. Anfinsen[15][18][29]United States"for his work onribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between theamino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation"[30]
William Howard Stein[15][16][18]"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule"[30]
1977Ilya Prigogine[15][16][18][31]Russia / Belgium"for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory ofdissipative structures"[32]
1979Herbert C. Brown[15][16][18][33]United States / United Kingdom"for their development of the use ofboron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, intoimportant reagents in organic synthesis"[34]
1980Paul Berg[15][16][18][10]: 113 United States"for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard torecombinant-DNA"[35]
Walter Gilbert[15][16][18]"fortheir contributions concerning thedetermination of base sequences in nucleic acids"[35]
1981Roald Hoffmann[15][16][18]United States / Poland / Ukraine"fortheir theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions"[36]
1982Aaron Klug[15][16][18]United Kingdom / South Africa / Lithuania"for his development ofcrystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically importantnucleic acid-protein complexes"[37]
1985Jerome Karle[10]: 112 [15][16][18][38][39]United States"for their outstanding achievements in developingdirect methods for the determination of crystal structures"[40]
Herbert HauptmanHerbert A. Hauptman[10]: 111 [15][16][18][41][42]
1986John Polanyi[43]Hungary / Canada / Germany"for his work inchemical kinetics.[43]
1989Sidney Altman[15][16][18]Canada / United States"for their discovery ofcatalytic properties of RNA"[44]
1992Rudolph A. Marcus[15][16][18]United States / Canada"for his contributions to thetheory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems"[45]
1994George Andrew OlahGeorge Andrew Olah[46][15][18]United States / Hungary"for his contribution tocarbocation chemistry"[47]
1996Harry Kroto[18][48]United Kingdom"for the discovery offullerenes"[49]
1998Walter KohnWalter Kohn[9][10]: 111 [15][18][50]United States / Austria"for his development of thedensity-functional theory"[51]
2000Alan J. Heeger[15][16][18][52]United States"for the discovery and development ofconductive polymers"[53]
2004Aaron Ciechanover[18][54][55]Israel"for the discovery ofubiquitin-mediated protein degradation"[56]
Avram Hershko[18][54]Hungary / Israel
Irwin Rose[18][57][58]United States
2006Roger D. Kornberg[54][59][60]United States"for his studies of the molecular basis ofeukaryotic transcription"[61][62]
2008Martin Chalfie[63]United States"for the discovery and development of thegreen fluorescent protein, GFP"[64]
2009Ada Yonath[54]Israel"for studies of the structure and function of theribosome"[65]
2011Dan Shechtman[66]Israel"for the discovery ofquasicrystals"[67]
2012Robert Lefkowitz[68]United States"for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors"[69]
2013Arieh Warshel[11][70]Israel"for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems"[71]
Michael Levitt[11][70]United States / United Kingdom / Israel /

South Africa[72][73]

Martin Karplus[11][70]United States / Austria[74]
2024David Baker[75]United States"for computational protein design"[76]

Physiology or Medicine

[edit]
YearLaureateCountryRationale
1908Élie Metchnikoff[17][18][77]Russia / Ukraine"in recognition of their work onimmunity"[78]
Paul Ehrlich[17][18][77]Germany
1914Robert Bárány[17][18][77]Austria-Hungary"for his work on the physiology and pathology of thevestibular apparatus"[79]
1922Otto Fritz Meyerhof[17][18][77]Germany"for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and themetabolism oflactic acid in the muscle"[80]
1930Karl Landsteiner[17][18][77]Austria"for his discovery of humanblood groups"[81]
1931Otto Heinrich Warburg[17][18]Germany"for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of therespiratory enzyme"[82]
1936Otto Loewi[17][18][77]Austria / Germany"for their discoveries relating tochemical transmission of nerve impulses"[83]
1944Joseph Erlanger[17][18][77][84]United States"for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of singlenerve fibres"[85]
1945Ernst Boris Chain[17][18][77]United Kingdom / Germany"for the discovery ofpenicillin and its curative effect in variousinfectious diseases"[86]
1946Hermann Joseph Muller[17][18][77]United States"for the discovery of the production of mutations by means ofX-rayirradiation"[87]
1947Gerty Cori[18][77]United States / Austria-Hungary / Czechia"for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion ofglycogen"[88]
1950Tadeusz Reichstein[17][18][77]Switzerland / Poland"for their discoveries relating to thehormones of theadrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects"[89]
1952Selman Waksman[17][18][77]United States / Russia / Ukraine"for his discovery ofstreptomycin, the firstantibiotic effective againsttuberculosis"[90]
1953Hans Adolf Krebs[10]: 111 [17][18][77]United Kingdom / Germany"for his discovery of thecitric acid cycle"[91]
Fritz Albert Lipmann[77]United States / Germany"for his discovery ofco-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism"[91]
1958Joshua Lederberg[17][18][77]United States"for his discoveries concerninggenetic recombination and the organization of thegenetic material ofbacteria"[92]
1959Arthur Kornberg[10]: 112 [17][18][77]United States"for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis ofribonucleic acid anddeoxyribonucleic acid"[93]
1964Konrad Emil Bloch[17][18][77][94]United States / Germany"for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of thecholesterol andfatty acidmetabolism"[95]
1965François Jacob[17][18][77]France"for their discoveries concerninggenetic control of enzyme andvirus synthesis"[96]
André Michel Lwoff[17][18][77]
1967George Wald[17][18][77]United States"for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye"[97]
1968Marshall Warren Nirenberg[17][18][77]United States"for their interpretation of thegenetic code and its function inprotein synthesis"[98]
1969Salvador Luria[17][18][77]United States / Italy"for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure ofviruses"[99]
1970Julius Axelrod[18][77]United States"for their discoveries concerning the humoraltransmittors in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation"[100]
Bernard Katz[17][18][77]United Kingdom / Germany
1972Gerald Edelman[18][77]United States"for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure ofantibodies"[101]
1975David Baltimore[18][77]United States"for their discoveries concerning the interaction betweentumor viruses and the genetic material of the cell"[102]
Howard Martin Temin[18][77]
1976Baruch Samuel Blumberg[18][77]United States"for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination ofinfectious diseases"[103]
1977Rosalyn Sussman Yalow[18][10]: 113 [77]United States"for the development ofradioimmunoassays of peptide hormones"[104]
1978Daniel Nathans[18][77]United States"for the discovery ofrestriction enzymes and their application to problems ofmolecular genetics"[105]
1980Baruj Benacerraf[18][77]United States / Venezuela"for their discoveries concerning genetically determinedstructures on the cell surface that regulateimmunological reactions"[106]
1982John Vane[107]United Kingdomalong withSune Bergström andBengt Samuelsson for "their discoveries concerningprostaglandins and related biologically active substances".[108]
1984César Milstein[10]: 113 [77]Argentina / United Kingdom
"for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of theimmune system and the discovery of the principle for production ofmonoclonal antibodies"[109]
1985Michael Stuart Brown[18][77]United States"for their discoveries concerning the regulation ofcholesterolmetabolism"[110]
Joseph L. Goldstein[18][77]
1986Stanley Cohen[18][10]: 113 [77]United States"for their discoveries ofgrowth factors"[111]
Rita Levi-Montalcini[18][77][10]: 110 Italy / United States
1988Gertrude B. Elion[18][77]United States"for their discoveries of important principles fordrug treatment"[112]
1989Harold E. Varmus[18][10]: 113 [77]United States"for their discovery of the cellular origin ofretroviraloncogenes"[113]
1992Edmond H. Fischer[114]United States / Switzerland"for their discoveries concerning reversibleprotein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism"[115]
1994Alfred G. Gilman[18][77]United States"for their discovery ofG-proteins and the role of these proteins insignal transduction in cells"[116]
Martin Rodbell[18][77]
1997Stanley B. Prusiner[18][77]United States"for his discovery ofprions – a new biological principle of infection"[117]
1998Robert F. Furchgott[10]: 111 [18][77]United States"for their discoveries concerningnitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system"[118]
2000Paul Greengard[18][77]United States"for their discoveries concerningsignal transduction in thenervous system"[119]
Eric Kandel[18][77]United States / Austria
2002Sydney Brenner[18][77]United Kingdom / South Africa"for their discoveries concerning 'genetic regulation of organ development andprogrammed cell death'"[120]
H. Robert Horvitz[18][77]United States
2004Richard Axel[18][77][84][121]United States"for their discoveries ofodorant receptors and the organization of theolfactory system"[122]
2006Andrew Fire[77]United States"for his discovery ofRNA interference – gene silencing by double-stranded RNA"[123]
2011Ralph M. Steinman[66][77][124][125]Canada / United Statesfor "his discovery of thedendritic cell and its role inadaptive immunity"[126]
Bruce Beutler[66][77][127]United States"for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity"
2013James E. Rothman[11][128][129]United States"for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells"[130]
Randy Schekman[11][128][129]
2017Michael Rosbash[131][132][133]United States"for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm".[134]
2020Harvey J. Alter[135][136][137]United States"for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus".[138]
2021David Julius[139][140]United States"for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch".[141]
2023Drew Weissman[142][143][144]United States"for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19".[145]
2024Gary Ruvkun[146][147]United States“for the discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation”.[148]

Physics

[edit]
YearLaureateCountryRationale
1907Albert A. Michelson[16][17][149]United States / Germany / Poland"for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid"[150]
1908Gabriel Lippmann[16][17][149]France / Luxemburg"forhis method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon ofinterference"[151]
1921Albert Einstein[16][17][149][152]Germany / Switzerland"for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of thephotoelectric effect"[153]
1922Niels Bohr[16][17][149][152]Denmark"for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them"[154]
1925James Franck[16][149]Germany"for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of anelectron upon an atom"[155]
Gustav Hertz[16][17]
1943Otto Stern[16][149]United States / Germany"for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of themagnetic moment of theproton"[156]
1944Isidor Isaac Rabi[16][17][149]United States / Austria-Hungary / Poland"for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei"[157]
1945Wolfgang Pauli[149][158]Austria / United States"for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called thePauli principle"[159]
1952Felix Bloch[16][17][149]United States / Switzerland"for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith"[160]
1954Max Born[16][17][149]United Kingdom / Germany"for his fundamental research inquantum mechanics, especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction"[161]
1958Ilya Frank[149][162]Soviet Union"for the discovery and the interpretation of theCherenkov effect"[163]
Igor Tamm[16][17][149][162][164]
1959Emilio Gino Segrè[16][17][149]Italy / United States"for their discovery of theantiproton"[165]
1960Donald A. Glaser[16][17][149]United States"for the invention of thebubble chamber"[166]
1961Robert Hofstadter[16][17][149]United States"for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons"[167]
1962Lev Landau[16][17][149][162][168]Soviet Union"for his pioneering theories forcondensed matter, especiallyliquid helium"[169][170]
1963Eugene Wigner[149][171]United States / Hungary"for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles"[172]
1965Richard Feynman[16][17][149][173]United States"for their fundamental work inquantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles"[174]
Julian Schwinger[16][17][149]
1967Hans Bethe[149]United States / Germany"for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning the energy production instars"[175]
1969Murray Gell-Mann[16][17][149][176]United States"for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions"[177]
1971Dennis Gabor[16][149]United Kingdom / Hungary"for his invention and development of theholographic method"[178]
1972Leon Cooper[149][179][180]United States"for his jointly developed theory ofsuperconductivity, usually called theBCS-theory"[181]
1973Brian David Josephson[16]United Kingdom"for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier, in particular those phenomena which are generally known as theJosephson effect"[182]
1975Aage Niels Bohr[183]Denmark"for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection"[184]
Ben Roy Mottelson[16][149]Denmark / United States
1976Burton Richter[16][149]United States"for his pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind"[185]
1978Arno Allan Penzias[16][149]United States"for his discovery ofcosmic microwave background radiation"[186]
1979Sheldon Glashow[16][149]United States"for their contributions to the theory of theunified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of theweak neutral current"[187]
Steven Weinberg[16][149]
1981Arthur Leonard Schawlow[188]United States"for their contribution to the development oflaser spectroscopy"[189]
1987Karl Alexander Müller[149]Switzerland"for their important breakthrough in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials"[190]
1988Leon M. Lederman[16][10]: 113 [149]United States"for theneutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of theleptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino"[191]
Melvin Schwartz[16][149]
Jack Steinberger[16][149]United States / Germany
1990Jerome Isaac Friedman[149]United States"for his pioneering investigations concerningdeep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of thequark model in particle physics"[192]
1992Georges Charpak[149]France / Poland / Ukraine"for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular themultiwire proportional chamber"[193]
1995Martin Lewis Perl[149]United States"'for the discovery of thetau lepton' and 'for pioneering experimental contributions tolepton physics'"[194]
Frederick Reines[149]"'for the detection of theneutrino' and 'for pioneering experimental contributions tolepton physics'"[194]
1996David Morris Lee[46][149]United States"for their discovery ofsuperfluidity inhelium-3"[195]
Douglas D. Osheroff[46]
1997Claude Cohen-Tannoudji[149]France / Algeria"for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light"[196]
2000Zhores Alferov[46][149]Russia / Belarus"for developingsemiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- andoptoelectronics"[197]
2003Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov[149]Russia / United States"for pioneering contributions to the theory ofsuperconductors and superfluids"[198]
Vitaly Ginzburg[149]Russia
2004David Gross[54][149][199]United States"for the discovery ofasymptotic freedom in the theory of thestrong interaction"[200]
H. David Politzer[149]
2005Roy J. Glauber[149]United States"for his contribution to the quantum theory ofoptical coherence"[201]
2011Adam Riess[66][149][202][203][204]United States"for the discovery of theaccelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distantsupernovae"[205]
Saul Perlmutter[66][149][206][207]
2012Serge Haroche[208]France / Morocco"for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems"[209]
2013François Englert[8][11][210][211]Belgium"for the theoretical discovery of amechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamentalparticle, by theATLAS andCMS experiments atCERN'sLarge Hadron Collider"[212]
2016J. Michael Kosterlitz[213]United Kingdom"for discoveries in condensed-matter physics that have transformed the understanding of matter that assumes strange shapes"
2017Rainer Weiss[214]United States / Germany"for decisive contributions to theLIGO detector and the observation ofgravitational waves"
Barry Barish[215][216]United States
2018Arthur Ashkin[217][218][219]United States"'for groundbreaking inventions in the field oflaser physics', in particular 'for theoptical tweezers and their application to biological systems'"
2020Roger Penrose[220][221]United Kingdom"for the discovery thatblack hole formation is a robust prediction of thegeneral theory of relativity"
Andrea Ghez[222][223][224]United States"for the discovery of asupermassive compact object at the centre ofour galaxy"

Literature

[edit]
YearLaureateCountryRationale
1910Paul Heyse[46][225]Germany"as a tribute to the consummate artistry, permeated with idealism, which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet, dramatist, novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories"[226]
1927Henri Bergson[225]France"in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented"[227]
1958Boris Pasternak[225]Soviet Union"for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition"[228]
1966Shmuel Yosef Agnon[225]Israel / Austria-Hungary / Ukraine"for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people"[229]
Nelly Sachs[225]Sweden / Germany"for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing, which interprets Israel's destiny with touching strength"[229]
1976Saul Bellow[225]United States / Canada"for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work"[230]
1978Isaac Bashevis Singer[225]United States / Poland"for his impassioned narrative art which, with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition, brings universal human conditions to life"[231]
1981Elias Canetti[225]United Kingdom / Bulgaria"for writings marked by a broad outlook, a wealth of ideas and artistic power"[232]
1987Joseph Brodsky[225]United States / Soviet Union"for an all-embracing authorship, imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity"[233]
1991Nadine Gordimer[225]South Africa"who through her magnificent epic writing has – in the words of Alfred Nobel – been of very great benefit to humanity"[234]
2002Imre Kertész[225][235][236]Hungary"for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history"[237]
2004Elfriede Jelinek[238]Austria"for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society's clichés and their subjugating power"[239]
2005Harold Pinter[225][240]United Kingdom"who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed rooms"[241]
2014Patrick Modiano[242]

[243]

France"for the art of memory with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and uncovered the life-world of the occupation"[244]
2016Bob Dylan[245][246]United States"for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition"
2020Louise Glück[247][248][249]United States"for her unmistakable poetic voice that with austere beauty makes individual existence universal."[250]
2025László Krasznahorkai[251][252]Hungary“for his compelling and visionary oeuvre that, in the midst of apocalyptic terror, reaffirms the power of art”[253]

Economics

[edit]
YearLaureateCountryRationale
1970Paul Samuelson[254][255]: 719 United States"for the scientific work through which he has developed static and dynamic economic theory and actively contributed to raising the level of analysis in economic science"[256]
1971Simon Kuznets[254][255]: 720 United States / Russia"for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development"[257]
1972Kenneth Arrow[254][255]: 718 United States"for his pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory"[258]
1973Wassily Leontief[254]Russia / Germany / United States"for the development of the input-output method and for its application to important economic problems"[259]
1975Leonid Kantorovich[254]Soviet Union"for his contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources"[260]
1976Milton Friedman[254][255]: 718 [261]United States"for his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis, monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy"[262]
1978Herbert A. Simon[254][255]: 721 United States"for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations"[263]
1980Lawrence Klein[254][255]: 721 United States"for the creation of econometric models and the application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies"[264]
1985Franco Modigliani[254][255]: 719 Italy / United States"for his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets"[265]
1987Robert Solow[254]United States"for his contributions to the theory of economic growth""[266]
1990Harry Markowitz[254][255]: 721 United States"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics""[267]
Merton Miller[254][255]: 721 
1992Gary Becker[254][255]: 721 United States"for having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human behaviour and interaction, including nonmarket behaviour""[268]
1993Robert Fogel[254][255]: 721 United States"for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change"[269]
1994John Harsanyi[254][255]: 721 [270]Hungary / United States"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games"[271]

Reinhard Selten[272]Germany
1997Myron Scholes[254][255]: 721 [273]Canada / United States"for a new method to determine the value of derivatives"[274][255]: 721 
Robert C. Merton[275]United States
2001Joseph Stiglitz[254][255]: 721 United States"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information"[276]
George Akerlof[277]
2002Daniel Kahneman[254][255]: 721 Israel / United States"for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science, especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty"[278]
2005Robert Aumann[254][279]Israel / United States / Germany"for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation throughgame-theory analysis"[280]
2007Leonid Hurwicz[254][281][282][283][284]United States / Poland / Russia"for having laid the foundations ofmechanism design theory"[285]
Eric Maskin[254][284][286]United States
Roger Myerson[254][284]
2008Paul Krugman[254][287]United States"for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity"[288]
2009Elinor Ostrom[289][290]United States"for her analysis of economic governance, especiallythe commons"[291]
2010Peter Diamond[292][293]United States"for his analysis ofmarkets with search frictions"[294]
2012Alvin E. Roth[295]United States"for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design"[296]
2016Oliver Hart[297]United States / United Kingdom"contributions to contract theory"
2017Richard Thaler[298]United States"contributions have built a bridge between the economic and psychological analyses of individual decision-making"
2018William Nordhaus[299][300]United States"for integrating climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis"[301]
2019Michael Kremer[302]United States"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty"
2020Paul Milgrom[303][304][305]United States"for improvements to auction theory and inventions of newauction formats"[306]
2021Joshua Angrist[307][308][309]United States / Israel"for their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships"[310]
2022Ben Bernanke[311][312][313]United States"for research on banks and financial crises"[314]
2022Douglas Diamond[315]
2023Claudia Goldin[316]United States"for having advanced our understanding of women's labour market outcomes".[317]
2025Joel Mokyr[318][319]United States / Israel / Netherlands“for having identified the prerequisites for sustained growth through technological progress”[320]
2025Philippe Aghion[321][322]France“for the theory of sustained growth through creative destruction”[320]

Peace

[edit]
YearLaureateCountryRationale
1911Tobias Michael Carel Asser[323]: 78 Netherlands"Initiator of the Conferences on International Private Law at the Hague; Cabinet Minister; Lawyer"[324]
Alfred Hermann Fried[323]: 76 Austria"Journalist; Founder ofDie Friedenswarte"[324]
1968René Cassin[325][326][327]France"President of theEuropean Court for Human Rights"[328]
1973Henry Kissinger[323]: 220 United States / Germany"For the 1973Paris agreement intended to bring about a cease-fire in the Vietnam War and a withdrawal of the American forces"[329][330]
1978Menachem Begin[323]: 239 Israel / Russia / Poland"for the Camp David Agreement, which brought about a negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel"[331]
1986Elie Wiesel[323]: 266 United States / Romania"Chairman of The President's Commission on the Holocaust"[332]
1994Yitzhak Rabin[333]Israel"to honour a political act which called for great courage on both sides, and which has opened up opportunities for a new development towards fraternity in the Middle East."[334]
Shimon Peres[335]Israel / Poland
1995Joseph Rotblat[336][337][338]Poland / United Kingdom"for his efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and, in the longer run, to eliminate such arms"[339]

Forced to decline prize

[edit]
YearLaureateCountryRationale
1958Boris PasternakUSSRLiterature: "for his notable achievement in both contemporary poetry and the field of the great Russian narrative tradition".[340] Pasternak initially accepted the award, but—after intense pressure from Soviet authorities—subsequently declined it.[341][342][343][344]

Jewish laureates per country

[edit]

Below is a chart of all Jewish Nobel laureates per country (updated to 2025 laureates). Some laureates are counted more than once if have multiple citizenship.

CountryNumber of Jewish Nobel laureatesPercent of laureates
United States13732.2%
Germany2925%
United Kingdom2013.9%
Israel14100%
Russia/Soviet Union1446.7%
Austria1248%
Poland1161.1%
France1114.1%
Hungary960%
Canada620.7%
Ukraine583.3%
 Switzerland520%
South Africa436.4%
Italy419%
Denmark321.4%
Belgium218.2%
Netherlands29.1%
Bulgaria1100%
Morocco1100%
Luxemburg150%
Venezuela150%
Algeria150%
Lithuania133.3%
Romania125%
Argentina120%
Belarus116.7%
Czechia116.7%
Sweden12.9%

Nobel Laureates Boulevard

[edit]
Monument and plaque honoring 2002 Economics LaureateDaniel Kahneman on Nobel Laureates Boulevard/Promenade inRishon LeZion, Israel

The Israeli city ofRishon LeZion has an avenue dedicated to honoring all Jewish Nobel laureates.Tayelet Hatanei Pras Nobel ("Nobel Laureates Boulevard/Promenade") has a monument with attached plaque for each Nobel laureate. The scientific adviser of the project was Prof.Israel Hanukoglu.[345]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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  170. ^Lev Landau: Topmost Soviet Jewish Scientist Wins Nobel Prize
  171. ^Marton, Kati (2006).The Great Escape: Nine Jews Who Fled Hitler and Changed the World.Simon & Schuster. p. 4.ISBN 978-1-4165-4245-2
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  180. ^Kurtz, Seymour (1985).Jewish America.McGraw-Hill. p. 244.
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  183. ^"Aage N. Bohr – Biographical". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved12 May 2015.
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  191. ^"The Nobel Prize in Physics 1988". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved2008-10-09.
  192. ^"The Nobel Prize in Physics 1990". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved2008-10-09.
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  194. ^ab"The Nobel Prize in Physics 1995". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved2008-10-09.
  195. ^"The Nobel Prize in Physics 1996". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved2008-10-09.
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  211. ^Ziri, Daniel."Tel Aviv U. affiliated prof. who is a Holocaust survivor wins Nobel for physics",The Jerusalem Post (Reuters), October 8, 2013. "The 80-year-old Englert – a Belgian Jew and Holocaust survivor..."
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  221. ^"Scientists of Jewish heritage among trio to win Nobel prize for black hole finds".The Times of Israel. RetrievedDecember 5, 2022.In a 2007 interview with the Jerusalem Post, he said his grandmother 'hid her origins and dissociated herself from her family, but we learned that she came from Russia and that her family name was Nathanson. Thus according to your rules, I guess I could be considered Jewish, even though I do not identify myself as one.'
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  235. ^Segel, Harold B. (2008).The Columbia Literary History of Eastern Europe Since 1945.Columbia University Press. p. 20.ISBN 978-0-231-13306-7"... the few Hungarian writers who have attempted to deal with Hungary's role in the ware and the fate of the Hungarian Jewish population have been mostly Hungarian Jews. Certainly the best known, due to his receipt of the coveted Nobel Prize in Literature in 2002, is Imre Kertész (b. 1929)".
  236. ^Rubin Suleiman, Susan; Forgács, Éva (eds) (2003).Contemporary Jewish Writing in Hungary: An Anthology.University of Nebraska Press. p. xlvi.
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  238. ^Dagmar C. G. Lorenz (2007).Keepers of the Motherland: German texts by Jewish women writers. University of Nebraska Press. pp. 251–252.ISBN 978-0-8032-2917-4.Jewish women's writing likewise employs satirical and grotesque elements when depicting non-Jews... Some do so pointedly, such as Ilse Aichinger, Elfriede Gerstl, and Elifriede Jelinek... Jelinek resumed the techniques of the Jewish interwar satirists... Jelinek stresses her affinity to Karl Krauss and the Jewish Cabaret of the interwar era... She claims her own Jewish identity as the daughter of a Holocaust victim, her father, thereby suggesting that there is a continuity of Vienna's Jewish tradition (Berka 1993, 137f.; Gilman 1995, 3).
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  279. ^Aumann, Robert."Brief Bio – Robert J Aumann". Einstein Institute of Mathematics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Retrieved2010-04-17.born in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, in 1930, to a well-to-do orthodox Jewish family.
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  284. ^abcPervos, Stefanie (11/5/2007)."Nobel Prize winners have Jewish, Chicago connections".JUF News. "Three Jewish scholars, two with Chicago connections, were awarded the 2007 Nobel Prize in Economic Science in October. Leonid Hurwicz, a professor emeritus at the University of Minnesota and former researcher at the University of Chicago; Roger B. Myerson, a University of Chicago professor; and Eric S. Maskin of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, were honored for their joint work on mechanism design theory."
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  286. ^Silverstein, Marilyn (November 8, 2007)."Nobel winner who's at home with Einstein".New Jersey Jewish News. Archived fromthe original on 2008-12-08.A native of New York, Maskin grew up in New Jersey, in a nonreligious Jewish home.... But is he culturally Jewish? 'Sure,' he said.
  287. ^Krugman, Paul (2003-10-28)."A Willful Ignorance".The New York Times. Retrieved2010-04-17.Sure enough, I was accused in various places not just of 'tolerance for anti-Semitism' (yes, I'm Jewish) [...]
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  289. ^Leonard, Mike (6 December 2009)."Nobel winner Elinor Ostrom is a gregarious teacher who loves to solve problems".The Herald-Times. Bloomington, Indiana. Archived fromthe original on April 15, 2015. Retrieved15 April 2015.
  290. ^"The story of non-economist Elinor Ostrom".The Swedish Wire. December 9, 2009. Archived fromthe original on December 14, 2009. RetrievedJune 12, 2010.
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  292. ^"MIT Hillel presents LEADING JEWISH MINDS @ MIT: Unemployment and Debt in the United States featuring Peter A. Diamond PhD '63"(PDF).mit.edu. MIT Hillel. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2013-05-18. Retrieved2025-10-01.
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  299. ^Nuzzo, Regina (June 27, 2006)."Profile of William D. Nordhaus".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.103 (26):9753–9755.Bibcode:2006PNAS..103.9753N.doi:10.1073/pnas.0601306103.PMC 1502525.PMID 16803963.
  300. ^Rochlin, Harriet; Rochlin, Fred (October 9, 2018).Pioneer Jews: A New Life in the Far West. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.ISBN 978-0-618-00196-5 – via Google Books.
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  304. ^"American Jewish economist Paul Milgrom shares Nobel for auction theory work".The Times of Israel.ISSN 0040-7909. Retrieved2023-10-09.
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  308. ^"Israeli-American Joshua Angrist among trio to win Nobel Prize in Economics".The Times of Israel.ISSN 0040-7909. Retrieved2023-10-09.
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  311. ^Crutsinger, Martin."Schoolmates asked if I had horns, recalls Bernanke".The Times of Israel.ISSN 0040-7909. Retrieved2023-10-09.
  312. ^"World Briefs: Former Federal Reserve chair Ben Bernanke shares Nobel Prize in economics and more".Baltimore Jewish Times. 2022-10-19. Retrieved2023-10-09.
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  342. ^"Boris Leonidovich Pasternak (1890–1960)".Jewish Virtual Library. American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. Retrieved2010-03-31.
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  345. ^"Nobel Prize Laureates Boulevard"(PDF).Structures. Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute. Spring 2011. p. 4. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2012-01-04.Dr. Hauptman interestingly is one of 160 Jewish Nobel Laureates... In honor of this distinction, there is a boulevard dedicated to Jewish Nobel Prize Laureates in a town called Kiryat Hatanei Pras Nobel (Nobel Prize Laureates' Town) outside of Tel Aviv, Israel. On this boulevard, a monument and plaque have been dedicated in Dr. Hauptman's honor.

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