AGuaraní family inMato Grosso do Sul ,Brazil , 2004 The following is alist ofindigenous peoples of South America . These include the peoples living in South America in thepre-Columbian era and the historical and contemporary descendants of those peoples.
The Circum-Caribbean cultural region was characterized by anthropologistJulian Steward , who edited theHandbook of South American Indians .[ 1] Caribbean ,Central American , and northern South America, the latter of which is listed here.
Colombia and Venezuela [ edit ] The Colombia and Venezuela culture area includes most ofColombia andVenezuela . Southern Colombia is in the Andean culture area, as are some peoples of central and northeastern Colombia, who are surrounded by peoples of the Colombia and Venezuela culture. Eastern Venezuela is in the Guianas culture area, and southeastern Colombia and southwestern Venezuela are in the Amazonia culture area.[ 1]
Abibe , northwestern ColombiaAburrá , central ColombiaAchagua (Axagua ), eastern Colombia, western VenezuelaAgual , western ColombiaAmaní , central ColombiaAncerma , western ColombiaAndaquí (Andaki), Huila Department, ColombiaAndoque , (Andoke, southeastern ColombiaAntiochia , ColombiaArbi , western ColombiaArma , western ColombiaAtunceta , western ColombiaAuracana , northeastern ColombiaBuriticá , western ColombiaCalamari , northwestern ColombiaCalima , western Colombia, 200 BCE–400 CECaramanta , western ColumbiaCarate , northeastern ColombiaCarare , northeastern ColombiaCarex , northwestern ColombiaCari , western ColombiaCarrapa , western ColombiaCartama , western ColombiaCauca , western Colombia, 800–1200 CECorbago , northeastern ColombiaCosina , northeastern ColombiaCatio , northwestern ColombiaCenufaná , northwestern ColombiaChanco , western ColombiaCoanoa , northeastern ColombiaEvéjito , western ColombiaFincenú , northwestern ColombiaGorrón , western ColombiaGuahibo (Guajibo ), eastern Colombia, southern VenezuelaGuambía , western ColombiaGuane , Colombia, pre-Columbian cultureGuanebucan , northeastern ColombiaGuayupe , central-eastern ColombiaGuazuzú , northwestern ColombiaHiwi , western Colombia, eastern VenezuelaItoto ,Wotuja , orJojod , Venezuela[ 2] Jamundí , western ColombiaKogi , northern ColombiaLile , western ColombiaLache , central ColombiaMompox , northwestern ColombiaMotilone , northeastern Colombia and western VenezuelaMuisca , central ColombiaMuzo , central ColombiaNaura , central ColombiaNauracota , central ColombiaNoanamá (Waunana, Huaunana, Woun Meu), northwestern Colombia and PanamaNutabé , northwestern ColombiaOpón , northeastern ColombiaPanche , central ColombiaPacabueye , northwestern ColombiaPancenú , northwestern ColombiaPatángoro , central ColombiaPaucura , western ColombiaPemed , northwestern ColombiaPequi people , western ColombiaPiaroa , Colombia and VenezuelaPicara , western ColombiaPijao , central ColombiaPozo , western ColombiaQuimbaya , central Colombia, 4th–7th CEQuinchia , western ColombiaSutagao , central ColombianTahamí , northwestern ColombiaTairona , northern Colombia, pre-Columbian culture, 1st–11th CETamalameque , northwestern ColombiaTegua , central ColombiaTimba , western ColombiaTinigua , Caquetá Department, ColombiaTolú , northwestern ColombiaToro , western ColombiaTupe , northeastern ColombiaTurbaco people , northwestern ColombiaUrabá , northwestern ColombiaUrezo , northwestern ColombiaU'wa , eastern Colombia, western VenezuelaWayuu (Wayu, Wayúu, Guajiro, Wahiro), northeastern Colombia and northwestern VenezuelaWiwa , northern ColombiaXiriguana , northeastern ColombiaYamicí , northwestern ColombiaYapel , northwestern ColombiaYarigui , northeastern ColombiaYukpa ,Yuko , northeastern ColombiaZamyrua , northeastern ColombiaZendagua , northwestern ColombiaZenú , northwestern Colombia, pre-Columbian culture, 200 BCE–1600 CEZopia , western ColombiaThis region includes northern partsColombia ,French Guiana ,Guyana ,Suriname ,Venezuela , and parts of theAmazonas ,Amapá ,Pará , andRoraima States in Brazil.
Acawai (6N 60W)[ 4] Acokwa (3N 53W)Acuria (Akurio ,Akuriyo , Roraima, Brazil, Guyana, and VenezuelaAmariba (2N 60W)Amicuana (2N 53W)Apalaí (Apalai ), Amapá, BrazilApirua (3N 53W)Apurui (3N 53W)Aracaret (4N 53W)Aramagoto (2N 54W)Aramisho (2N 54W)Arebato (7N 65W)Arekena (2N 67W)Arhuaco , northeastern ColombiaArigua Arinagoto (4N 63W)Aruã (1N 50W)Aruacay , VenezuelaAtorai (2N 59W)Atroahy (1S 62W)Auaké , Brazil and GuyanaBaniwa (Baniva) (3N 68W), Brazil, Colombia and VenezuelaBaraüana (1N 65W)Bonari (3S 58W)Baré (3N 67W)Caberre (4N 71 W)Cadupinago Cariaya (1S 63 W)Carib (Kalinago), VenezuelaCarinepagoto , TrinidadChaguan , VenezuelaChaima , VenezuelaCuaga , VenezuelaCuacua , VenezuelaCumanagoto , VenezuelaGuayano , VenezuelaGuinau (4N 65W)Hixkaryána , Amazonas, BrazilInao (4N 65W)Ingarikó , Brazil, Guyana and VenezuelaJaoi (Yao), Guyana, Trinidad and VenezuelaKali'na , Brazil, Guyana, French Guiana, Suriname, VenezuelaLokono (Arawak, Locono), Guyana, Trinidad, VenezuelaMacapa (2N 59W)Macushi , Brazil and GuyanaMaipure (4N 67W)Maopityan (2N 59W)Mapoyo (Mapoye), VenezuelaMarawan (3N 52W)Mariche , VenezuelaMariusa , VenezuelaMarourioux (3N 53W)Nepuyo (Nepoye), Guyana, Trinidad and VenezuelaOrealla , GuyanaPalengue , VenezuelaPalikur , Brazil, French GuianaParauana (2N 63W)Parauien (3S 60W)Pareco , VenezuelaParia , VenezuelaPatamona , Roraima, BrazilPauishana (2N 62W)Pemon (Arecuna), Brazil, Guyana, and VenezuelaPiapoco (3N 70W)Piaroa , VenezuelaPino (3N 54W)Piritú , VenezuelaPurui (2N 52W)Saliba (Sáliva ), VenezuelaSanumá , Venezuela, BrazilShebayo , TrinidadSikiana (Chikena ,Xikiyana ), Brazil, SurinameTagare , VenezuelaTamanaco , VenezuelaTarumá (3S 60W)Tibitibi , VenezuelaTiriyó (Tarëno ), Brazil, SurinameTocoyen (3N 53W)Tumuza , VenezuelaWai-Wai , Amazonas, Brazil and GuyanaWapishana , Brazil and GuyanaWarao (Warrau), Guyana and VenezuelaWayana (Oyana ), Pará, BrazilWirö , western Venezuela, eastern ColombiaYa̧nomamö (Yanomami ), Venezuela and Amazonas, BrazilYe'kuana , Venezuela, BrazilThis region includes parts of theCeará ,Goiás ,Espírito Santo ,Mato Grosso ,Mato Grosso do Sul ,Pará , andSanta Catarina states of Brazil
Apinajé (Apinaye Caroyo ),[ 5] Apurinã (Popũkare ), Amazonas and AcreArara , ParáBororo (Borôro ),[ 5] Botocudo (Lakiãnõ )Carijo Guarani [ 5] East Brazilian Tradition , Precolumbian culture[ 5] Guató (Guato ), Mato GrossoKadiwéu (Guaicuru ),[ 5] Karajá (Iny ,Javaé ),[ 5] Kaxixó , Minas GeraisKayapo (Cayapo ,Mebêngôkre ),[ 5] Laklãnõ ,[ 5] Mehim (Krahô ,Crahao ),[ 5] Ofayé , Mato Grosso do SulParakatêjê (Gavião ),[ 5] Pataxó , BahiaPotiguara (Pitigoares ),[ 5] Tabajara , CearáTupiniquim , Espírito SantoUmutina (Barbados )[ 5] Xakriabá (Chakriaba ,Chikriaba , orShacriaba ), Minas GeraisXavánte (Shavante ),[ 5] Xerénte (Sherente ),[ 5] Xucuru , PernambucoAndean Hunting-Collecting Tradition , Argentina, 11,000–4,000 CEAwa-Kwaiker , northern Ecuador, southern ColombiaAymara , Bolivia, Chile, PeruCañari , EcuadorCapulí culture , Ecuador, 800—1500 CECerro Narrio (Chaullabamba ) (Precolumbian culture)Chachapoyas , Amazonas, PeruChachilla (Cayapas )Chanka (Chanca ), PeruChavín , northern Peru, 900–200 BCEChipcha , Colombia (Precolumbian culture)Chincha people , Peru (Precolumbian culture)Chuquibamba culture (Precolumbian culture)Conchucos Diaguita Guangaia (Precolumbian culture)Ichuña microlithic tradition (Precolumbian culture)Inca Empire (Inka ), based in PeruJama-Coaque (Precolumbian culture)Jujuyes , Argentina, Bolivia, ChileChurumatas , Argentina, Bolivia, ChileChirimano, Argentina Pelicochos, Argentina Palomos, Argentina Killke culture , Peru, 900–1200 CEKogi people , northern ColumbiaKolla (Colla ), Argentina, Bolivia, ChileLa Tolita (Precolumbian culture)Las Vegas culture , coastal Ecuador, 8000 BCE–4600 BCELauricocha culture , Peru, 8000–2500 BCELima culture , Peru, 100–650 CEMaina , Ecuador, PeruCultura Milagro-Quevedo (Precolumbian culture)Milagro (Precolumbian culture)Mollo culture , Bolivia, 1000–1500 CEMuisca , Colombian highlands (Precolumbian culture)Pachacama (Precolumbian culture)Paez (Nasa culture ), Colombian highlands (Precolumbian culture)Panzaleo (Precolumbian culture)Pasto Pijao , ColombiaQuechua (Kichua ,Kichwa )Quitu culture , 2000 BCE—1550 CESalinar culture (Precolumbian culture) PeruSaraguro Tiwanaku culture (Tiahuanaco ), 400–1000 CE, BoliviaTomatas ,Tarija , BoliviaTsáchila (Colorado ), EcuadorTuza-Piartal (Precolumbian culture) ColumbiaUru , Bolivia, Peru (On Titicaca)Wari culture , central coast and highlands of Peru, 500–1000 CEAmotape complex , northern coastal Peru, 9,000–7,000 BCEAtacameño (Atacama ,Likan Antaí ), ChileAwá , Colombia and EcuadorBara , ColombiaCara culture , coastal Ecuador, 500 BCE–1550 CEBahía , Ecuador, 500 BCE–500 CECasma culture , coastal Peru, 1000–1400 CEChancay , central coastal Peru, 1000–1450 CEChango , coastal Peru, northern ChileChimú , north coastal Peru, 1000–1450 CECupisnique (Precolumbian culture), 1000-200 BCE, coastal PeruLambayeque (Sican culture ), north coastal Peru, 750–1375 CEMachalilla culture , coastal Ecuador, 1500–1100 BCEManteño civilization , western Ecuador, 850–1600 CEMoche (Mochica), north coastal Peru, 1–750 CENazca culture (Nasca ), south coastal Peru, 1–700 CENorte Chico civilization (Precolumbian culture), coastal PeruPaiján culture , northern coastal Peru, 8700–5900 BCEParacas , south coastal Peru, 600–175 BCERecuay culture , Peru (Precolumbian culture)Tallán (Precolumbian culture), north coastal PeruValdivia culture , Ecuador, 3500–1800 BCEVirú culture , Piura Region, Peru, 200 BCE–300 CEWari culture (Huari culture ), Peru, 500–1000 CEYukpa (Yuko ), ColombiaYurutí , ColombiaNorthwestern Amazon [ edit ] This region includesAmazonas inBrazil ; theAmazonas andPutumayo Departments inColombia ;Cotopaxi ,Los Rios ,Morona-Santiago ,Napo , andPastaza Provinces and theOriente Region inEcuador ; and theLoreto Region inPeru .
Arabela , Loreto Region, PeruArapaso (Arapaco ), Amazonas, BrazilBaniwa Barbudo , Loreto Region, PeruBora , Loreto Region, PeruCandoshi-Shapra (Chapras ), Loreto Region, PeruCarútana (Arara ), Amazonas, BrazilChayahuita (Chaywita ) Loreto Region, PeruCocama , Loreto Region, PeruCofán (Cofan ), Putumayo Department, Colombia and EcuadorCubeo (Kobeua ), Amazonas, Brazil and ColombiaDâw , Rio Negro, BrazilFlecheiro Huaorani (Waorani ,Waodani ,Waos ), EcuadorHupda (Hup ), Brazil, ColombiaJibito , Loreto Region, PeruJivaroan peoples , Ecuador and PeruAchuar , Morona-Santiago Province and Oriente Region, Ecuador and Loreto Region, PeruAguaruna (Aguarana ), Ecuador, PeruHuambisa , PeruShuar , Morona-Santiago Province and Oriente Region, Ecuador and Loreto Region, PeruKachá (Shimaco ,Urarina ), Loreto Region, PeruKamsá (Sebondoy ), Putumayo Department, ColombiaKanamari , Amazonas, BrazilKichua (Quichua )Cañari Kichua (Canari )Canelo Kichua (Canelos-Quichua ), Pataza Province, EcuadorChimborazo Kichua Cholos cuencanos Kichwa-Lamista ,City of Lamas ,Huallaga River ,Mayo River ,San Martin Region , PeruNapo Runa (Napo Kichua ,Quijos-Quichua ,Napo-Quichua ), Ecuador and PeruSaraguro Sarayacu Kichua , Pastaza Province, EcuadorKorubu , Amazonas, BrazilKugapakori-Nahua Macaguaje (Majaguaje ), Río Caquetá, ColombiaMachiguenga , PeruMarubo Matsés (Mayoruna ,Maxuruna ), Brazil and PeruMayoruna (Maxuruna )Miriti , Amazonas Department, ColombiaMurato , Loreto Region, PeruMura , Amazonas, BrazilPirahã (Mura-pirarrã), Amazonas, BrazilNukak (Nukak-Makú ), eastern ColombiaOcaina , Loreto Region, PeruOmagua (Cambeba ,Kambeba ,Umana ), Amazonas, BrazilOrejón (Orejon ), Napo Province, EcuadorPanoan , western Brazil, Bolivia, PeruSharpas Siona (Sioni ), Amazonas Department, ColombiaSiriano , Brazil, ColombiaSiusi , Amazonas, BrazilTariano (Tariana ), Amazonas, BrazilTsohom Djapá Tukano (Tucano ), Brazil, ColombiaWaikino (Vaikino ), Amazonas, BrazilWaimiri-Atroari (Kinja ,Uaimiri-Atroari ), Amazonas and Roraima, BrazilWanano (Unana ,Vanana ), Amazonas, BrazilWitoto Yagua (Yahua ), Loreta Region, PeruYaminahua (Yaminawá )Yora Záparo (Zaparo ), Pastaza Province, EcuadorZuruahã (Suruahá ,Suruwaha ), Amazonas, BrazilThis region includesAmazonas ,Maranhão , and parts ofPará States in Brazil.
Amanayé (Ararandeura ), BrazilAraweté (Araueté ,Bïde ), Pará, BrazilAwá (Guajá) , BrazilCh'unchu , PeruGe Guajajára (Guajajara ), Maranhão, BrazilGuaraní , ParaguayKa'apor , Maranhão, BrazilKuruaya , Pará, BrazilMarajoara , Precolumbian culture, Pará, BrazilPanará , Mato Grosso and Pará, BrazilParakanã (Paracana )Suruí do Pará , Pará, BrazilTembé (Tembe )Turiwára (Turiwara )Wayampi Zo'é people , Pará, BrazilThis region includes southern Brazil (Mato Grosso ,Mato Grosso do Sul , parts ofPará , andRondônia ) and Eastern Bolivia (Beni Department ).
Apiacá (Apiaká ), Mato Grosso and Pará, Brazil[ 6] Assuriní do Toncantins (Tocantin )Aweti (Aueto ), Mato Grosso, BrazilBakairí (Bakairi )Chácobo (Chacobo )Chiquitano (Chiquito )Cinta Larga , Mato Grosso, BrazilEnawene Nawe , Mato Grosso, BrazilGavião of Rondônia Guarayu Ikpeng (Xicao ), Mato Grosso, BrazilIrántxe (Iranche )Juma (Kagwahiva ), Rondônia, BrazilJurúna (Yaruna ,Juruna ,Yudjá ), Mato Grosso, BrazilKaiabi (Caiabi ,Cajabi , Kajabi,Kayabi ), Mato Grosso, BrazilKalapálo (Kalapalo ), Mato Grosso, BrazilKamayurá (Camayura ), Mato Grosso, BrazilKanoê (Kapixaná ), Rondônia, BrazilKaripuná (Caripuna )Karitiâna (Caritiana ), BrazilKayapo , Mato Grosso, BrazilKuikuro , Mato Grosso, BrazilMatipu , Mato Grosso, BrazilMehináku (Mehinacu ,Mehinako ), Mato Grosso, BrazilMoxo (Mojo ), BoliviaNahukuá (Nahuqua ), Mato Grosso, BrazilNambikuára (Nambicuara ,Nambikwara ), Mato Grosso, BrazilPacahuara (Pacaguara )Pacajá (Pacaja )Panará , Mato Grosso and Pará, BrazilParecís (Paressi )Rikbaktsa (Erikbaksa ), Mato Grosso, BrazilRio Pardo people , Mato Grosso, BrazilSateré-Mawé (Maue ), BrazilSuyá (Kisedje ), Mato Grosso, BrazilTacana ,La Paz Department, Bolivia Tapajó (Tapajo )Tapirapé (Tapirape)Tenharim Terena , Mato Gross and Mato Grosso do Sul, BrazilTrumai , Mato Grosso, BrazilTsimané (Pano )Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau , Rondônia, BrazilWari' (Pacanawa ,Waricaca' ), Rondônia, BrazilWauja (Waurá ,Waura ), Mato Grosso, BrazilWuy jugu (Mundurucu ,Munduruku )Yawalapiti (Iaualapiti ), Mato Grosso, BrazilSouthwestern Amazon [ edit ] This region includes theCuzco ,Huánuco Junín ,Loreto ,Madre de Dios , andUcayali Regions of easternPeru , parts ofAcre ,Amazonas , andRondônia ,Brazil , and parts of theLa Paz andBeni Departments ofBolivia .
Aguano (Santacrucino, Uguano), PeruAikanã , Rondônia, BrazilAkuntsu , Rondônia, BrazilAmahuaca , Brazil, PeruAsháninka (Campa ,Chuncha ), Acre, Brazil and Junín, Pasco, Huánuco, and Ucayali, PeruBanawá (Jafí ,Kitiya ), Amazonas, BrazilCashibo (Carapache ), Huánuco Region, PeruConibo (Shipibo-Conibo ), Peru and Amazonas, BrazilEse Ejja (Chama ), Beni Department, BoliviaHarakmbut , Madre de Dios, PeruArasairi , Madre de Dios Region, PeruManuquiari , Madre de Dios Region, PeruPuikiri (Puncuri ), Madre de Dios Region, PeruSapiteri , Madre de Dios Region, PeruToyeri , Madre de Dios Region, Peru[ 7] Hi-Merimã ,Himarimã , Amazonas, BrazilJamamadi , Acre and Amazonas, BrazilKaxinawá (Cashinahua ,Huni Kuin ), Peru and Acre, BrazilKulina (Culina ), PeruKwaza (Coaiá, Koaiá), Rondônia, BrazilLatundê , Rondônia, BrazilMachinere , PeruMashco-Piro , PeruMatís (Matis ), BrazilMatsés (Mayoruna ,Maxuruna ), Brazil, PeruParintintin (Kagwahiva’nga ), BrazilShipibo , Loreto Region, PeruTicuna (Tucuna ), Brazil, Colombia, PeruToromona , La Paz Department, BoliviaYanesha' (Amuesha ), Cusco Region, PeruYawanawa (Jaminawá ,Marinawá ,Xixinawá ), Acre, Brazil; Madre de Dios, Peru; and BoliviaYine (Contaquiro ,Simiranch ,Simirinche ), Cuzco Region, PeruAbipón , Argentina, historic groupAngaite (Angate), northwestern ParaguayAyoreo [ 8] Chamacoco (Zamuko),[ 8] Chané , Argentina and BoliviaChiquitano (Chiquito, Tarapecosi), eastern BoliviaChorote (Choroti ),[ 8] Iyojwa'ja Chorote ,Manjuy ), Argentina, Bolivia, and ParaguayGuana [ 8] Guaraní ,[ 8] Guaycuru peoples , Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, and ParaguayMbayá (Caduveo), historicMocoví (Mocobí), ArgentinaPilagá (Pilage Toba)Toba [ 8] Kaiwá ,[ 8] Lengua people (Enxet ),[ 8] Lulé (Pelé, Tonocoté), ArgentinaMaká [ 8] Nivaclé (Ashlushlay ,[ 8] Chulupí , Chulupe, Guentusé), Argentina and ParaguaySanapaná [ 8] Vilela , ArgentinaWichí (Mataco ),[ 8] Patagonian languages at the time of European/African contact Aché , southeastern ParaguayChaná (extinct ), Argentina and UruguayChandule (Chandri )Charrúa , southern Brazil and UruguayComechingón (Henia-Camiare ), ArgentinaHaush (Manekʼenk ,Mánekenk ,Aush ), Tierra del FuegoHet (Querandí ) (extinct ), formerly Argentinian PampasHuarpe (Warpes) (extinct ), Strait of Magellan, ChileMapuche (Araucanian ), southwestern Argentina and ChileMbeguá (extinct ), formerly Paraná River, ArgentinaMinuane (extinct ), formerly UruguayPoya (extinct ), formerly Nahuel Huapi lake, ArgentinaPuelche (Guenaken, Pampa) (extinct), Argentinian and Chilean AndesTehuelche ,Patagonia Teushen (Tehues,extinct ), Tierra del FuegoSelkʼnam (Ona), Tierra del FuegoYaro (Jaro)Patagonian channels [ edit ] Chono (Precolumbian culture), formerly archipelagoes ofChiloé ,Guaitecas andChonos ,Guayaneco andTaitao Peninsula Payos , formerly southeastern Chiloé ArchipelagoKawésqar (Alacaluf, Halakwulup), archipelagoes ofGuayaneco ,Campana ,Queen Adelaide ,Wellington Island ,Strait of Magellan Yahgan (Yamana), southern Tierra del Fuego
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