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List of governors of Vermont

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Elections in Vermont
Presidential elections
Presidential primaries
Democratic
2000
2004
2008
2012
2016
2020
2024
Republican
2008
2012
2016
2020
2024
U.S. Senate elections
U.S. House elections
General elections
Gubernatorial elections
Lieutenant gubernatorial elections
Secretary of State elections
Treasurer elections
Attorney General elections
Auditor of Accounts elections
Senate elections
House of Representatives elections
Ballot measures

Thegovernor of Vermont is thehead of government of theU.S. state ofVermont. Since 1994, Vermont is one of only two U.S. states (New Hampshire being the other) that elects governors for two-year terms.[1] Until 1870, Vermont elected its governors for one-year terms.[2]Isaac Tichenor,Jonas Galusha,Erastus Fairbanks, andRichard A. Snelling each served non-consecutive terms, whileThomas Chittenden served non-consecutive terms as governor of the Vermont Republic.[3]

Mountain Rule

[edit]

From the founding of theRepublican Party in the 1850s until the 1960s, only Republicans won general elections for Vermont's statewide offices. One method that made this possible was the Republican Party's imposition of the "Mountain Rule," an informal mechanism which restricted the pool of candidates.[4]

Under the original provisions of the Mountain Rule, one U.S. senator was a resident of the east side of theGreen Mountains and one resided on the west side. The expanded version of the rule called for the governorship and lieutenant governorship to alternate between residents of the east and west side. Nominees for governor and lieutenant governor were originally allowed two one-year terms, and later one two-year term. For nearly 100 years, likelyRepublican candidates for office inVermont agreed to abide by the expanded Mountain Rule in the interests of party unity. Several factors led to the eventual weakening of the Mountain Rule, including the long political dispute between theProctor (conservative) andAiken–Gibson (progressive) wings of the party; primaries rather than conventions to select nominees; the direct election ofU.S. Senators; and several active third parties, including theProgressives, theProhibition Party, and theLocal Option movement. In the 1960s, the rise of theVermont Democratic Party and the construction ofInterstate 89 also contributed to the end of the Mountain Rule. Although I-89 is a north–south route, it traverses Vermont from southeast to northwest for the majority of its length within the state and changed the way residents view how it is divided.[5][6]

List of governors

[edit]

Vermont Republic

[edit]

TheVermont Republic declared independence fromGreat Britain on January 15, 1777.

Governors of the Republic of Vermont
No.GovernorTerm in officePartyElectionLt. Governor
1Thomas Chittenden
(1730–1797)
[7][8]		March 13, 1778[9]
–
October 13, 1789
(lost election)[10]		No partyMar.1778Joseph Marsh
Sept.1778
1779Benjamin Carpenter
1780
1781Elisha Payne
1782Paul Spooner
1783
1784
1785
1786Joseph Marsh
1787
1788
2Moses Robinson
(1741–1813)
[11]		October 13, 1789[12]
–
October 20, 1790
(lost election)[10]		No party1789
3Thomas Chittenden
(1730–1797)
[7][8]		October 20, 1790[13]
–
March 4, 1791
(became state governor)[14]		No party1790Peter Olcott

State of Vermont

[edit]

Vermont wasadmitted to the Union on March 4, 1791.

Governors of the State of Vermont
No.GovernorTerm in officePartyElectionLt. Governor[a]
1 Thomas Chittenden
(1730–1797)
[7][8]		March 5, 1791[15]
–
August 25, 1797
(died in office)[14]		No party[16]1791 Peter Olcott
1792
1793
1794Jonathan Hunt
1795
1796Paul Brigham[b]
2Paul Brigham
(1746–1824)
[17][18]		August 25, 1797[15]
–
October 16, 1797
(did not run)[19]		Democratic-
Republican[20]		Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		Vacant
3Isaac Tichenor
(1754–1838)
[21][22]		October 16, 1797[23]
–
October 9, 1807
(lost election)[10]		Federalist[15]1797Paul Brigham
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
4Israel Smith
(1759–1810)
[24][25]		October 9, 1807[26]
–
October 14, 1808
(lost election)[10]		Democratic-
Republican[15]		1807
5Isaac Tichenor
(1754–1838)
[21][22]		October 14, 1808[27]
–
October 14, 1809
(lost election)[10]		Federalist[15]1808
6Jonas Galusha
(1753–1834)
[28][29]		October 14, 1809[30]
–
October 23, 1813
(lost election)[10]		Democratic-
Republican[15]		1809
1810
1811
1812
7Martin Chittenden
(1763–1840)
[31][32]		October 23, 1813[33]
–
October 14, 1815
(lost election)[10]		Federalist[15]1813William Chamberlain
1814
8Jonas Galusha
(1753–1834)
[28][29]		October 14, 1815[34]
–
October 13, 1820
(did not run)[28]		Democratic-
Republican[15]		1815Paul Brigham
1816
1817
1818
1819
9Richard Skinner
(1778–1833)
[35][36]		October 13, 1820[37]
–
October 10, 1823
(did not run)[35]		Democratic-
Republican[15]		1820William Cahoon
1821
1822Aaron Leland[b]
10Cornelius P. Van Ness
(1782–1852)
[38][39]		October 10, 1823[40]
–
October 13, 1826
(did not run)[38]		Democratic-
Republican[15]		1823
1824
1825
11Ezra Butler
(1763–1838)
[41][42]		October 13, 1826[43]
–
October 10, 1828
(did not run)[41]		National
Republican[15]		1826
1827Henry Olin[b]
12Samuel C. Crafts
(1768–1853)
[44][45]		October 10, 1828[46]
–
October 18, 1831
(did not run)[44]		National
Republican[15]		1828
1829
1830Mark Richards
13William A. Palmer
(1781–1860)
[47][48]		October 18, 1831[49]
–
November 2, 1835
(lost election)[c][10]		Anti-Masonic[15]1831Lebbeus Egerton
1832
1833
1834
14Silas H. Jennison
(1791–1849)
[50][51]		November 2, 1835[c]
–
October 18, 1841
(did not run)[50]		Whig[d]1835[c]Acting as governor
1836David M. Camp
1837
1838
1839
1840
15Charles Paine
(1799–1853)
[54][55]		October 18, 1841[56]
–
October 13, 1843
(did not run)[54]		Whig[15]1841Waitstill R. Ranney
1842
16John Mattocks
(1777–1847)
[57][58]		October 13, 1843[59]
–
October 11, 1844
(did not run)[57]		Whig[15]1843Horace Eaton
17William Slade
(1786–1859)
[60][61]		October 11, 1844[62]
–
October 9, 1846
(did not run)[63]		Whig[15]1844
1845
18Horace Eaton
(1804–1855)
[64][65]		October 9, 1846[66]
–
October 19, 1848
(did not run)[65]		Whig[15]1846Leonard Sargeant
1847
19Carlos Coolidge
(1792–1866)
[67][68]		October 19, 1848[69]
–
October 12, 1850
(did not run)		Whig[15]1848Robert Pierpoint
1849
20Charles K. Williams
(1782–1853)
[70][71]		October 12, 1850[72]
–
October 18, 1852
(did not run)[70]		Whig[15]1850Julius Converse
1851
21Erastus Fairbanks
(1792–1864)
[73][74]		October 18, 1852[75]
–
November 1, 1853
(lost election)[10]		Whig[15]1852William C. Kittredge
22John S. Robinson
(1804–1860)
[76][77]		November 1, 1853[78]
–
October 13, 1854
(did not run)[76]		Democratic[15]1853Jefferson P. Kidder
23Stephen Royce
(1787–1868)
[79][80]		October 13, 1854[81]
–
October 10, 1856
(did not run)[82]		Whig[83]1854Ryland Fletcher
Republican[83]1855
24Ryland Fletcher
(1799–1885)
[84][85]		October 10, 1856[86]
–
October 15, 1858
(did not run)[84]		Republican[15]1856James M. Slade
1857
25Hiland Hall
(1795–1885)
[87][88]		October 15, 1858[89]
–
October 12, 1860
(did not run)[82]		Republican[15]1858Burnham Martin
1859
26Erastus Fairbanks
(1792–1864)
[73][74]		October 12, 1860[90]
–
October 22, 1861
(did not run)[73]		Republican[15]1860Levi Underwood
27Frederick Holbrook
(1813–1909)
[91][92]		October 22, 1861[93]
–
October 9, 1863
(did not run)[82]		Republican[15]1861
1862Paul Dillingham
28J. Gregory Smith
(1818–1891)
[94][95]		October 9, 1863[96]
–
October 13, 1865
(did not run)[82]		Republican[15]1863
1864
29Paul Dillingham
(1799–1891)
[97][98]		October 13, 1865[99]
–
October 13, 1867
(did not run)[97]		Republican[15]1865Abraham B. Gardner
1866
30John B. Page
(1826–1885)
[100][101]		October 13, 1867[102]
–
October 16, 1869
(did not run)[100]		Republican[15]1867Stephen Thomas
1868
31Peter T. Washburn
(1814–1870)
[103][104]		October 16, 1869[105]
–
February 7, 1870
(died in office)[14]		Republican[15]1869George W. Hendee
32George Whitman Hendee
(1832–1906)
[106][107]		February 7, 1870[108]
–
October 6, 1870
(did not run)[106][e]		Republican[15]Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		Vacant
33John Wolcott Stewart
(1825–1915)
[109][110]		October 6, 1870[111]
–
October 3, 1872
(lost nomination)[109][f]		Republican[15]1870George N. Dale
34Julius Converse
(1798–1885)
[112][113]		October 3, 1872[114]
–
October 8, 1874
(did not run)[82]		Republican[15]1872Russell S. Taft
35Asahel Peck
(1803–1879)
[115][116]		October 8, 1874[117]
–
October 5, 1876
(did not run)[82]		Republican[15]1874Lyman G. Hinckley
36Horace Fairbanks
(1820–1888)
[118][119]		October 5, 1876[120]
–
October 3, 1878
(did not run)[82]		Republican[15]1876Redfield Proctor
37Redfield Proctor
(1831–1908)
[121][122]		October 3, 1878[123]
–
October 7, 1880
(did not run)[82]		Republican[15]1878Eben Pomeroy Colton
38Roswell Farnham
(1827–1903)
[124][125]		October 7, 1880[126]
–
October 5, 1882
(did not run)[124]		Republican[15]1880John L. Barstow
39John L. Barstow
(1832–1913)
[127][128]		October 5, 1882[129]
–
October 2, 1884
(did not run)[127]		Republican[15]1882Samuel E. Pingree
40Samuel E. Pingree
(1832–1922)
[130][131]		October 2, 1884[132]
–
October 7, 1886
(did not run)[130]		Republican[15]1884Ebenezer J. Ormsbee
41Ebenezer J. Ormsbee
(1834–1924)
[133][134]		October 7, 1886[135]
–
October 4, 1888
(did not run)[133]		Republican[15]1886Levi K. Fuller
42William P. Dillingham
(1843–1923)
[136][137]		October 4, 1888[138]
–
October 2, 1890
(did not run)[82]		Republican[15]1888Urban A. Woodbury
43Carroll S. Page
(1843–1925)
[139][140]		October 2, 1890[141]
–
October 6, 1892
(did not run)[139]		Republican[15]1890Henry A. Fletcher
44Levi K. Fuller
(1841–1896)
[142][143]		October 6, 1892[144]
–
October 4, 1894
(did not run)[142]		Republican[15]1892F. Stewart Stranahan
45Urban A. Woodbury
(1838–1915)
[145][146]		October 4, 1894[147]
–
October 8, 1896
(did not run)[145]		Republican[15]1894Zophar M. Mansur
46Josiah Grout
(1841–1925)
[148][149]		October 8, 1896[150]
–
October 6, 1898
(did not run)[148]		Republican[15]1896Nelson W. Fisk
47Edward Curtis Smith
(1854–1935)
[151][152]		October 6, 1898[153]
–
October 4, 1900
(did not run)[151]		Republican[15]1898Henry C. Bates
48William W. Stickney
(1853–1932)
[154][155]		October 4, 1900[156]
–
October 3, 1902
(did not run)[154]		Republican[15]1900Martin F. Allen
49John G. McCullough
(1835–1915)
[157][158]		October 3, 1902[159]
–
October 6, 1904
(did not run)[157]		Republican[15]1902Zed S. Stanton
50Charles J. Bell
(1845–1909)
[160][161]		October 6, 1904[162]
–
October 4, 1906
(did not run)[160]		Republican[15]1904Charles H. Stearns
51Fletcher D. Proctor
(1860–1911)
[163][164]		October 4, 1906[165]
–
October 8, 1908
(did not run)[163]		Republican[15]1906George H. Prouty
52George H. Prouty
(1862–1918)
[166][167]		October 8, 1908[168]
–
October 6, 1910
(did not run)[82]		Republican[15]1908John A. Mead
53John A. Mead
(1841–1920)
[169][170]		October 6, 1910[171]
–
October 3, 1912
(did not run)[169]		Republican[15]1910Leighton P. Slack
54Allen M. Fletcher
(1853–1922)
[172][173]		October 3, 1912[174]
–
January 7, 1915
(did not run)[172]		Republican[15]1912Frank E. Howe
55Charles W. Gates
(1856–1927)
[175][176]		January 7, 1915[177]
–
January 4, 1917
(did not run)[175]		Republican[15]1914Hale K. Darling
56Horace F. Graham
(1862–1941)
[178][179]		January 4, 1917[180]
–
January 10, 1919
(did not run)[181]		Republican[15]1916Roger W. Hulburd
57Percival W. Clement
(1846–1927)
[182][183]		January 10, 1919[184]
–
January 7, 1921
(did not run)[181]		Republican[15]1918Mason S. Stone
58James Hartness
(1861–1934)
[185][186]		January 7, 1921[187]
–
January 4, 1923
(did not run)[185]		Republican[15]1920Abram W. Foote
59Redfield Proctor Jr.
(1879–1957)
[188][189]		January 4, 1923[190]
–
January 8, 1925
(did not run)[181]		Republican[15]1922Franklin S. Billings
60Franklin S. Billings
(1862–1935)
[191][192]		January 8, 1925[193]
–
January 6, 1927
(did not run)[191]		Republican[15]1924Walter K. Farnsworth
61John E. Weeks
(1853–1949)
[194][195]		January 6, 1927[196]
–
January 8, 1931
(did not run)[g][181]		Republican[15]1926Hollister Jackson
(died November 2, 1927)
Vacant
1928Stanley C. Wilson
62Stanley C. Wilson
(1879–1967)
[197][198]		January 8, 1931[199]
–
January 10, 1935
(did not run)[200]		Republican[15]1930Benjamin Williams
1932Charles Manley Smith
63Charles Manley Smith
(1868–1937)
[201][202]		January 10, 1935[203]
–
January 7, 1937
(did not run)[201]		Republican[15]1934George D. Aiken
64George Aiken
(1892–1984)
[204][205]		January 7, 1937[206]
–
January 9, 1941
(did not run)[207][h]		Republican[15]1936William Henry Wills
1938
65William Henry Wills
(1882–1946)
[208][209]		January 9, 1941[210]
–
January 4, 1945
(did not run)[208]		Republican[15]1940Mortimer R. Proctor
1942
66Mortimer R. Proctor
(1889–1968)
[211][212]		January 4, 1945[213]
–
January 9, 1947
(lost nomination)[211]		Republican[15]1944Lee E. Emerson
67Ernest W. Gibson Jr.
(1901–1969)
[214][215]		January 9, 1947[216]
–
January 16, 1950
(resigned)[i]		Republican[15]1946
1948Harold J. Arthur
68Harold J. Arthur
(1904–1971)
[217][218]		January 16, 1950[219]
–
January 4, 1951
(did not run)[217]		Republican[15]Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		Vacant
69Lee E. Emerson
(1898–1976)
[220][221]		January 4, 1951[222]
–
January 6, 1955
(did not run)		Republican[15]1950Joseph B. Johnson
1952
70Joseph B. Johnson
(1893–1986)
[223][224]		January 6, 1955[225]
–
January 15, 1959
(did not run)		Republican[15]1954Consuelo N. Bailey
1956Robert T. Stafford
71Robert Stafford
(1913–2006)
[226][227]		January 15, 1959[228]
–
January 5, 1961
(did not run)[j]		Republican[15]1958Robert S. Babcock
72F. Ray Keyser Jr.
(1927–2015)
[229][230]		January 5, 1961[231]
–
January 10, 1963
(lost election)[10]		Republican[15]1960Ralph A. Foote[k]
73Philip H. Hoff
(1924–2018)
[232][233]		January 10, 1963[234]
–
January 9, 1969
(did not run)[232]		Democratic[15]1962
1964John J. Daley
1966
74Deane C. Davis
(1900–1990)
[235][236]		January 9, 1969[237]
–
January 4, 1973
(did not run)		Republican[15]1968Thomas L. Hayes
1970John S. Burgess[k]
75Thomas P. Salmon
(1932–2025)
[238][239]		January 4, 1973[240]
–
January 6, 1977
(did not run)[238]		Democratic[15]1972
1974Brian D. Burns
76Richard A. Snelling
(1927–1991)
[241][242]		January 6, 1977[243]
–
January 10, 1985
(did not run)		Republican[242]1976T. Garry Buckley
1978Madeleine Kunin[l]
1980
1982Peter P. Smith[k]
77Madeleine Kunin
(b. 1933)
[244]		January 10, 1985[245]
–
January 10, 1991
(did not run)		Democratic[244]1984
1986Howard Dean
1988
78Richard A. Snelling
(1927–1991)
[242]		January 10, 1991[246]
–
August 13, 1991
(died in office)		Republican[242]1990
79Howard Dean
(b. 1948)
[247]		August 13, 1991[248]
–
January 9, 2003
(did not run)		Democratic[247]Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		Vacant
1992Barbara W. Snelling[k]
1994
1996Doug Racine
1998
2000
80Jim Douglas
(b. 1951)
[249]		January 9, 2003[250]
–
January 6, 2011
(did not run)		Republican[249]2002Brian Dubie
2004
2006
2008
81Peter Shumlin
(b. 1956)
[251]		January 6, 2011[252]
–
January 5, 2017
(did not run)		Democratic[251]2010Phil Scott[k]
2012
2014
82Phil Scott
(b. 1958)
[253]		January 5, 2017[254]
–
Incumbent[m]		Republican[253]2016David Zuckerman[n]
2018
2020Molly Gray[l]
2022David Zuckerman[n]
2024John S. Rodgers

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
  2. ^abcRepresented theDemocratic-Republican Party
  3. ^abcIn the1835 election, Palmer received a plurality, but not the required majority; the legislature remained deadlocked after 63 votes and the joint assembly dissolved on November 2[53] without choosing a governor, so Lieutenant Governor Jennison acted as governor for the term.[47]
  4. ^Jennison represented both theAnti-Masonic andWhig parties in 1835.[52]
  5. ^Republican convention delegates decided that since Washburn, from the East side of the Green Mountains, had won the nomination in 1869, the 1870 nomination should go to a candidate from the West. They also decided that though he was from the West, nominating Hendee would violate the Mountain Rule's two years in office provision, because 1870 would be the first election for a two-year term. As a result, Hendee was not a candidate.
  6. ^Vermont's gubernatorial terms were changed from one year to two. Stewart argued that the Mountain Rule's two-term limit on governors should allow him to serve two two-year terms. Republican convention delegates decided that the Mountain Rule limited governors to two years in office, so Stewart was not re-nominated.
  7. ^Weeks successfully argued that he should serve a second term in order to oversee recovery from the Great Flood of 1927. In 1930, hewas elected to theUnited States House of Representatives.[194]
  8. ^Aiken was insteadelected to theUnited States Senate.[204]
  9. ^Gibson resigned, having been confirmed to theUnited States District Court for the District of Vermont.[214]
  10. ^Stafford was insteadelected to theUnited States House of Representatives.[226]
  11. ^abcdeRepresented theRepublican Party
  12. ^abRepresented theDemocratic Party
  13. ^Scott's fifth term began January 9, 2025,[255] andwill expire in January 2027.
  14. ^abRepresented theProgressive Party

References

[edit]
General
Specific
  1. ^Berg-Andersson, Richard E. (May 23, 2021)."Length of Terms of Office of State Governors Throughout American History".The Green Papers. Richard E. Berg-Andersson. RetrievedJanuary 5, 2023.
  2. ^pdfArchived 2016-01-12 at theWayback Machine
  3. ^Vermont State Archives & Records Administration (2017)."State Officers: Executive Branch; Governors".SOS.Vermont.Gov. Montpelier, VT: Vermont Secretary of State. RetrievedJanuary 5, 2023.
  4. ^The Direct Primary, sos.vermont.gov
  5. ^"The Mountain Rule in Vermont".The New York Times. February 12, 1895. p. 7. RetrievedOctober 2, 2023.
  6. ^Magazine article, Mountain Rule Revisited, by Samuel B. Hand, Vermont History Magazine, published by Vermont Historical Society, Summer/Fall 2003, pages 139 to 151
  7. ^abcSobel 1978, p. 1561.
  8. ^abc"Thomas Chittenden".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 11, 2023.
  9. ^State of Vermont (1873).Records of the Governor and Council of the State of Vermont. Vol. I. Montpelier, J. & J.M. Poland. p. 243.
  10. ^abcdefghij"Position Papers: When conviviality leads to 'conspiracy of collegiality'".Barre Montpelier Times Argus. Barre, VT. October 17, 2018 [October 24, 2004].
  11. ^"Moses Robinson".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 11, 2023.
  12. ^State of Vermont (1873).Records of the Governor and Council of the State of Vermont. Vol. III. Montpelier, J. & J.M. Poland. p. 189.
  13. ^State of Vermont (1873).Records of the Governor and Council of the State of Vermont. Vol. III. Montpelier, J. & J.M. Poland. p. 211.
  14. ^abcWilbur, La Fayette (1899).Early History of Vermont. Jericho, VT: Roscoe Printing House. p. 333 – viaGoogle Books.
  15. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacadaeafagahaiajakalamanaoapaqarasatauavawaxayazbabbbcbdbebfbgbhbibjbkblbmbnbobpbqbrbsbtbuKallenbach 1977, pp. 587–589.
  16. ^Glashan 1979, p. 314.
  17. ^Sobel 1978, p. 1562.
  18. ^"Paul Brigham".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  19. ^Conant, Edward (1915).A Text Book of the Geography, History, Constitution and Civil Government of Vermont. Rutland, VT: Tuttle Company. pp. 311, 321 – viaGoogle Books.
  20. ^Glashan 1979, p. 310.
  21. ^abSobel 1978, pp. 1562–1563.
  22. ^ab"Isaac Tichenor".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  23. ^State of Vermont (1873).Records of the Governor and Council of the State of Vermont. Vol. IV. Montpelier, J. & J.M. Poland. p. 141.
  24. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 1563–1564.
  25. ^"Israel Smith".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  26. ^State of Vermont (1873).Records of the Governor and Council of the State of Vermont. Vol. IV. Montpelier, J. & J.M. Poland. p. 151.
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  28. ^abcSobel 1978, pp. 1564–1565.
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  32. ^"Martin Chittenden".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
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  39. ^"Cornelius P. Van Ness".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
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  42. ^"Ezra Butler".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
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  45. ^"Samuel C. Crafts".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
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  58. ^"John Mattocks".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
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  61. ^"William Slade".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
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  77. ^"John Staniford Robinson".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  78. ^"Legislature of Vermont".The Daily Journal. November 2, 1853. p. 3. RetrievedJuly 14, 2023.
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  85. ^"Ryland Fletcher".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  86. ^"General Assembly".The Vermont Patriot and State Gazette. October 17, 1856. p. 2. RetrievedJuly 14, 2023.
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  92. ^"Frederick Holbrook".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  93. ^"By Telegraph".The Burlington Free Press. October 22, 1861. p. 3. RetrievedJuly 16, 2023.
  94. ^Sobel 1978, p. 1581.
  95. ^"John Gregory Smith".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
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  102. ^"From Montpelier".The Burlington Free Press. October 11, 1867. p. 3. RetrievedJuly 16, 2023.
  103. ^Sobel 1978, p. 1583.
  104. ^"Peter T. Washburn".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  105. ^"Legislature of Vermont".Vermont Christian Messenger. October 21, 1869. p. 2. RetrievedJuly 16, 2023.
  106. ^abSobel 1978, p. 1584.
  107. ^"George Whitman Hendee".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  108. ^"Death of Governor Washburn".The St Johnsbury Times. February 11, 1870. p. 2. RetrievedJuly 16, 2023.
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  119. ^"Horace Fairbanks".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  120. ^"Legislature of Vermont".The Rutland Daily Globe. October 7, 1876. p. 1. RetrievedJuly 16, 2023.
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  122. ^"Redfield Proctor Sr".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  123. ^"Legislature of Vermont".The Daily Journal. October 4, 1878. p. 2. RetrievedJuly 16, 2023.
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  125. ^"Roswell Farnham".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
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  128. ^"John Lester Barstow".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  129. ^"The Legislature".St. Albans Daily Messenger. October 6, 1882. p. 3. RetrievedJuly 16, 2023.
  130. ^abSobel 1978, pp. 1590–1591.
  131. ^"Samuel E. Pingree".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  132. ^"Legislature of Vermont".St. Albans Daily Messenger. October 2, 1884. p. 3. RetrievedJuly 16, 2023.
  133. ^abSobel 1978, p. 1591.
  134. ^"Ebenezer Jolls Ormsbee".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  135. ^"From Montpelier".The Burlington Free Press. October 8, 1886. p. 1. RetrievedJuly 16, 2023.
  136. ^Sobel 1978, p. 1592.
  137. ^"William Paul Dillingham".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  138. ^"The Legislature".The Burlington Free Press. October 5, 1888. p. 5. RetrievedJuly 16, 2023.
  139. ^abSobel 1978, pp. 1592–1593.
  140. ^"Carroll Smalley Page".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  141. ^"Legislature of Vermont".Lyndonville Journal. October 8, 1890. p. 2. RetrievedJuly 16, 2023.
  142. ^abSobel 1978, pp. 1593–1594.
  143. ^"Levi Knight Fuller".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  144. ^"Gov. Fuller Now".The Burlington Free Press. October 7, 1892. p. 1. RetrievedJuly 16, 2023.
  145. ^abSobel 1978, p. 1594.
  146. ^"Urban Andrain Woodbury".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  147. ^"The Legislature".Rutland Daily Herald. October 5, 1894. p. 1. RetrievedJuly 16, 2023.
  148. ^abSobel 1978, p. 1595.
  149. ^"Josiah Grout".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  150. ^"From Woodbury to Grout".St. Albans Daily Messenger. October 8, 1896. p. 1. RetrievedJuly 16, 2023.
  151. ^abSobel 1978, pp. 1595–1596.
  152. ^"Edward Curtis Smith".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  153. ^"The Inauguration".Montpelier Daily Record. October 6, 1898. p. 1. RetrievedJuly 16, 2023.
  154. ^abSobel 1978, pp. 1596–1597.
  155. ^"William W. Stickney".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  156. ^"Stickney Inaugurated".St. Albans Daily Messenger. October 4, 1900. p. 1. RetrievedJuly 16, 2023.
  157. ^abSobel 1978, p. 1597.
  158. ^"John Griffith McCullough".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  159. ^"Inauguration Day".St. Albans Daily Messenger. October 3, 1902. p. 1. RetrievedJuly 16, 2023.
  160. ^abSobel 1978, p. 1598.
  161. ^"Charles James Bell".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  162. ^"Inaugural Day".St. Albans Daily Messenger. October 6, 1904. p. 1. RetrievedJuly 16, 2023.
  163. ^abSobel 1978, pp. 1598–1599.
  164. ^"Fletcher Dutton Proctor".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  165. ^"Inauguration".The Burlington Free Press. October 5, 1906. p. 1. RetrievedJuly 16, 2023.
  166. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 1599–1600.
  167. ^"George Prouty".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  168. ^"Gov. G. H. Prouty Takes Oath of Office".Bennington Banner. October 8, 1908. p. 1. RetrievedJuly 16, 2023.
  169. ^abSobel 1978, pp. 1600–1601.
  170. ^"John Abner Mead".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  171. ^"John A. Mead Inaugurated As Governor".The Barre Daily Times. October 6, 1910. p. 1. RetrievedJuly 16, 2023.
  172. ^abSobel 1978, p. 1601.
  173. ^"Allen M. Fletcher".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  174. ^"State Changes Its Governor".Burlington Daily News. October 3, 1912. p. 1. RetrievedJuly 16, 2023.
  175. ^abSobel 1978, p. 1602.
  176. ^"Charles W. Gates".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  177. ^"Gates Takes Oath; Fletcher's Talk Fairly Bristles".The Barre Daily Times. January 7, 1915. p. 1. RetrievedJuly 16, 2023.
  178. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 1602–1603.
  179. ^"Horace French Graham".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  180. ^"Governor Graham Outlines New Method for Economy".St. Albans Daily Messenger. January 4, 1917. p. 1. RetrievedJuly 16, 2023.
  181. ^abcdSlayton, Tom (March 2, 1980)."End of Vermont's Old 'Mountain Rule' Helped Doom GOP's Political Monopoly".Rutland Herald. Rutland, VT. p. 5 – viaNewspapers.com.
  182. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 1603–1604.
  183. ^"Percival W. Clement".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  184. ^"Governor Takes Oath of Office".Burlington Daily News. January 10, 1919. p. 1. RetrievedJuly 16, 2023.
  185. ^abSobel 1978, pp. 1604–1605.
  186. ^"James Hartness".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  187. ^"James Hartness Is Inaugurated Governor of State".The Burlington Free Press. January 8, 1921. p. 1. RetrievedJuly 16, 2023.
  188. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 1605–1606.
  189. ^"Redfield Proctor Jr".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  190. ^"Proctor Takes Oath of Office; Declares for State Budget Based on Expected Income".The Burlington Free Press. January 5, 1923. p. 1. RetrievedJuly 17, 2023.
  191. ^abSobel 1978, p. 1606.
  192. ^"Franklin Swift Billings".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  193. ^"Franklin S. Billings Is Inaugurated 63rd Governor of Vermont".The Burlington Free Press. January 9, 1925. p. 1. RetrievedJuly 17, 2023.
  194. ^abSobel 1978, pp. 1606–1607.
  195. ^"John Eliakim Weeks".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  196. ^"John E. Weeks Sworn As State's 64th Governor".The Burlington Free Press. January 7, 1927. p. 1. RetrievedJuly 17, 2023.
  197. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 1607–1608.
  198. ^"Stanley Calef Wilson".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  199. ^"Stanley C. Wilson of Chelsea Is Inducted Into Office As Governor of Vermont".The Burlington Free Press. Associated Press. January 9, 1931. p. 1. RetrievedJuly 17, 2023.
  200. ^"Gov. Wilson Says He Is Not A Candidate "At This Time" For Re-Election Or For Congress".Rutland Herald. Rutland, VT. July 19, 1934. p. 1 – viaNewspapers.com.
  201. ^abSobel 1978, pp. 1608–1609.
  202. ^"Charles Manley Smith".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  203. ^"Gov. Charles M. Smith Inaugurated in Customary Dignified Ceremony in the Hall of Representatives".The Burlington Free Press. January 11, 1935. p. 1. RetrievedJuly 17, 2023.
  204. ^abSobel 1978, p. 1609.
  205. ^"George D. Aiken".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  206. ^"Gov. Aiken's Inaugural Raps Connecticut River Storage Dam Projects".The Burlington Free Press. January 8, 1937. p. 16. RetrievedJuly 17, 2023.
  207. ^"Young Gibson To Succeed His Father".Bennington Banner. Bennington, VT. June 25, 1940. p. 1 – viaNewspapers.com.
  208. ^abSobel 1978, p. 1610.
  209. ^"William H. Wills".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  210. ^"Inaugural Crowd of 1000 Hears Gov. Wills Call for Industrial Expansion Program in State".Rutland Daily Herald. January 10, 1941. p. 1. RetrievedJuly 17, 2023.
  211. ^abSobel 1978, pp. 1610–1611.
  212. ^"Mortimer R. Proctor".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  213. ^"Proctor Is Inaugurated Governor, Pledging to Further Strengthen and Revitalize State of Vermont".The Burlington Free Press. January 5, 1945. p. 1. RetrievedJuly 17, 2023.
  214. ^abSobel 1978, pp. 1611–1612.
  215. ^"Ernest William Gibson".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  216. ^"Ernest W. Gibson Becomes State's 65th Governor, Advocates Some Sweeping Changes in Gov't".The Burlington Free Press. January 10, 1947. p. 1. RetrievedJuly 17, 2023.
  217. ^abSobel 1978, pp. 1612–1613.
  218. ^"Harold John Arthur".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  219. ^"Gov. Arthur in Inaugural Address Says He Will Be a Candidate for 2nd Term".The Burlington Free Press. January 17, 1950. p. 1. RetrievedJuly 17, 2023.
  220. ^Sobel 1978, p. 1613.
  221. ^"Lee Emerson".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  222. ^"Gov. Emerson's Inaugural Message Urges Revision of 4 Major State Depts".The Burlington Free Press. January 5, 1951. p. 1. RetrievedJuly 17, 2023.
  223. ^Sobel 1978, p. 1614.
  224. ^"Joseph Blaine Johnson".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  225. ^"Legislators and Visitors in Reception Line Greeting Vermont's Governor Johnson".The Bennington Evening Banner. January 7, 1955. p. 1. RetrievedJuly 17, 2023.
  226. ^abSobel 1978, pp. 1614–1615.
  227. ^"Robert T. Stafford".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  228. ^"Stafford Inaugurated; Outlines Broad Program".Rutland Daily Herald. January 16, 1959. p. 1. RetrievedJuly 17, 2023.
  229. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 1615–1616.
  230. ^"F. Ray Keyser".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  231. ^"Youngest Governor Begins His Term in State House".Burlington Daily News. United Press International. January 6, 1961. p. 1. RetrievedJuly 17, 2023.
  232. ^abSobel 1978, p. 1616.
  233. ^"Philip Henderson Hoff".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  234. ^"Philip Hoff Takes Office As 71st Vermont Governor".Addison County Independent. January 18, 1963. p. 1A. RetrievedJuly 17, 2023.
  235. ^Sobel 1978, p. 1617.
  236. ^"Deane C. Davis".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  237. ^"Family Watches As Davis Takes Oath As Governor".The Burlington Free Press. January 10, 1969. p. 1. RetrievedJuly 17, 2023.
  238. ^abSobel 1978, pp. 1617–1618.
  239. ^"Thomas P. Salmon".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  240. ^"Vermont's Leadership Changes".The Burlington Free Press. January 5, 1973. p. 1. RetrievedJuly 17, 2023.
  241. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 1618–1619.
  242. ^abcd"Richard A. Snelling".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  243. ^Conte, Christopher (January 7, 1977)."It Was a Day of Shock and Ceremony for the Legislature".Rutland Daily Herald. p. 7. RetrievedJuly 17, 2023.
  244. ^ab"Madeleine M. Kunin".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  245. ^Hoffman, Jack (January 11, 1985)."Gov. Madeleine Kunin Begins Her Historic Term".Rutland Daily Herald. p. 1. RetrievedJuly 17, 2023.
  246. ^Allen, Susan (January 11, 1991)."Snelling Optimistic Amid Grim Budget Warnings".The Burlington Free Press. Associated Press. p. 1A. RetrievedJuly 17, 2023.
  247. ^ab"Howard Dean".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  248. ^Liley, Betsy (August 14, 1991)."Democrat Dean Takes Top Post".The Burlington Free Press. p. 1. RetrievedJuly 17, 2023.
  249. ^ab"Jim Douglas".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  250. ^Remsen, Nancy (January 10, 2003)."Douglas Takes Reins of Vt. Government".The Burlington Free Press. p. 1A. RetrievedJuly 17, 2023.
  251. ^ab"Peter Shumlin".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  252. ^Hallenbeck, Terri (January 7, 2011)."State's 81st Governor Inaugurated; Democrat Lays Out Bold Agenda".The Burlington Free Press. p. 1A. RetrievedJuly 17, 2023.
  253. ^ab"Phil Scott".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023.
  254. ^Goswami, Neal P. (January 6, 2017)."New Governor Vows to Make Vt. Affordable".Rutland Daily Herald. p. A1. RetrievedJuly 17, 2023.
  255. ^Cusanelli, Michael (January 9, 2025)."In inaugural address, Scott touches on familiar themes of affordability, housing".WPTZ. RetrievedJanuary 23, 2025.

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