Flowering plants in the order Geraniales recorded from South Africa
TheGeraniales are a smallorder offlowering plants , in therosid subclade ofeudicots . The largestfamily in the order isGeraniaceae with over 800 species. In addition, the order includes the smallerFrancoaceae with about 40 species. Most Geraniales areherbaceous , but there are alsoshrubs and smalltrees .
Flower morphology of the Geraniales is rather conserved. They are usually perfectly pentamerous and pentacyclic without fused organs besides the carpels of the superior gynoecium. The androecium is obdiplostemonous. Only a few genera are tetramerous (Francoa ,Dimorphopetalum ,Melianthus Pelargonium Erodium ,Melianthus Hypseocharis Monsonia [ 1] [ 1] [ 2]
Theanthophytes are a grouping of plant taxa bearing flower-like reproductive structures. They were formerly thought to be aclade comprising plants bearing flower-like structures. The group contained theangiosperms - the extant flowering plants, such asroses andgrasses - as well as theGnetales and the extinctBennettitales .[ 3]
23,420 species of vascular plant have been recorded in South Africa, making it the sixth most species-rich country in the world and the most species-rich country on the African continent. Of these, 153 species are considered to be threatened.[ 4] biomes have been described in South Africa:Fynbos , SucculentKaroo ,desert ,Nama Karoo ,grassland ,savanna ,Albany thickets , theIndian Ocean coastal belt , andforests .[ 5]
The 2018South African National Biodiversity Institute 'sNational Biodiversity Assessment plant checklist lists 35,130 taxa in the phylaAnthocerotophyta (hornworts (6)),Anthophyta (flowering plants (33534)),Bryophyta (mosses (685)),Cycadophyta (cycads (42)),Lycopodiophyta (Lycophytes(45)),Marchantiophyta (liverworts (376)),Pinophyta (conifers (33)), andPteridophyta (cryptogams (408)).[ 6]
Twofamilies are represented in the literature. Listedtaxa includespecies ,subspecies ,varieties , andforms as recorded, some of which have subsequently been allocated to other taxa assynonyms , in which cases the accepted taxon is appended to the listing. Multiple entries under alternative names reflecttaxonomic revision over time.
Family:Geraniaceae ,[ 6]
GenusErodium [ 6]
GenusGeraniospermum [ 6]
GenusGeranium [ 6]
Geranium amatolicum Geranium angustipetalum Geranium arabicum Geranium arabicum Forssk. subsp.arabicum , endemicGeranium baurianum Geranium brycei Geranium caffrum Geranium canescens Geranium carnosum Pelargonium carnosum carnosum , indigenousGeranium contortum Geranium dipetalum Pelargonium dipetalum dipetalum Geranium discolor Geranium dissectum Geranium drakensbergensis Geranium dregei Geranium ferulaceum Pelargonium carnosum ferulaceum (Cav.) M.Becker & F.Albers, indigenousGeranium flanaganii Geranium grandistipulatum Geranium harveyi Geranium incanum Geranium incanum Burm.f. var.incanum , endemicGeranium incanum Burm.f. var.multifidum (Sweet) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt, endemicGeranium magniflorum Geranium molle Geranium multisectum Geranium natalense Geranium nyassense Geranium ornithopodioides Geranium ornithopodum Geranium pulchrum Geranium purpureum Geranium robustum Geranium rotundifolium Geranium schlechteri Geranium sparsiflorum Geranium subglabrum Geranium wakkerstroomianum GenusHoarea [ 6]
GenusMonsonia [ 6]
Monsonia angustifolia Monsonia attenuata Monsonia brevirostrata Monsonia burkeana Monsonia camdeboensis Monsonia ciliata Monsonia crassicaulis Monsonia emarginata Monsonia flavescens Monsonia galpinii Monsonia glauca Monsonia grandifolia Monsonia herrei Monsonia lanuginosa Monsonia luederitziana Monsonia multifida Monsonia natalensis Monsonia parvifolia Monsonia patersonii Monsonia praemorsa Monsonia salmoniflora Monsonia senegalensis Monsonia speciosa Monsonia spinosa Monsonia transvaalensis Monsonia umbellata Monsonia vanderietiae GenusPelargonium [ 6]
Pelargonium abrotanifolium Pelargonium acetosum Pelargonium aciculatum Pelargonium acraeum Pelargonium adriaanii Pelargonium aestivale Pelargonium albersii Pelargonium album Pelargonium alchemilloides Pelargonium alpinum Pelargonium alternans Pelargonium alternans J.C.Wendl. subsp.alternans , endemicPelargonium alternans J.C.Wendl. subsp.longicalcar M.Becker & F.Albers, endemicPelargonium alternans J.C.Wendl. subsp.parviinflorescens M.Becker & F.Albers, endemicPelargonium althaeoides Pelargonium anethifolium Pelargonium angustifolium Pelargonium longiflorum Pelargonium angustipetalum Pelargonium antidysentericum Pelargonium antidysentericum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kostel. subsp.antidysentericum , indigenousPelargonium antidysentericum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kostel. subsp.inerme Scheltema, endemicPelargonium antidysentericum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kostel. subsp.zonale Scheltema, endemicPelargonium appendiculatum Pelargonium aridicola Pelargonium aridum Pelargonium aristatum Pelargonium articulatum Pelargonium asarifolium Pelargonium astragalifolium Pelargonium pinnatum Pelargonium attenuatum Pelargonium auritum Pelargonium auritum (L.) Willd. subsp.auritum , accepted asPelargonium auritum auritum , indigenousPelargonium auritum (L.) Willd. subsp.carneum (Harv.) J.J.A.van der Walt, accepted asPelargonium auritum carneum (Harv.) E.M.Marais, indigenousPelargonium auritum (L.) Willd. var.auritum , indigenousPelargonium auritum (L.) Willd. var.carneum (Harv.) E.M.Marais, indigenousPelargonium barklyi Pelargonium bechuanicum latisectum Burtt Davy, accepted asPelargonium dolomiticum Pelargonium betulinum Pelargonium bicolor Pelargonium bifolium Pelargonium bowkeri Pelargonium brevipetalum Pelargonium brevirostre Pelargonium bubonifolium Pelargonium burgerianum Pelargonium burtoniae Pelargonium buysii Pelargonium caespitosum Pelargonium caespitosum Turcz. subsp.caespitosum , endemicPelargonium caespitosum Turcz. subsp.concavum Hugo, endemicPelargonium caffrum Pelargonium caledonicum Pelargonium calviniae Pelargonium campestre Pelargonium candicans Pelargonium capillare Pelargonium capitatum Pelargonium capituliforme Pelargonium carneum Pelargonium carnosum Pelargonium carnosum (L.) L'Her. subsp.carnosum , indigenousPelargonium carnosum (L.) L'Her. subsp.ferulaceum (Cav.) M.Becker & F.Albers, indigenousPelargonium caroli-henrici Pelargonium caucalifolium Pelargonium caucalifolium Jacq. subsp.caucalifolium , endemicPelargonium caucalifolium Jacq. subsp.convolvulifolium (Schltr. ex R.Knuth) J.J.A.van der Walt, endemicPelargonium cavanillesii Pelargonium heterophyllum Pelargonium ceratophyllum Pelargonium chamaedryfolium Pelargonium chelidonium Pelargonium citronellum Pelargonium columbinum Pelargonium confertum Pelargonium connivens Pelargonium conradieae Pelargonium cordifolium Pelargonium coronopifolium Pelargonium crassicaule Pelargonium crassipes Pelargonium crinitum Pelargonium radiatum Pelargonium crispum Pelargonium crithmifolium Pelargonium cucullatum Pelargonium cucullatum (L.) L'Her. subsp.cucullatum , endemicPelargonium cucullatum (L.) L'Her. subsp.strigifolium Volschenk, endemicPelargonium cucullatum (L.) L'Her. subsp.tabulare Volschenk, endemicPelargonium curviandrum Pelargonium dasyphyllum Pelargonium denticulatum Pelargonium desertorum Pelargonium dichondrifolium Pelargonium dipetalum Pelargonium dipetalum L'Her. subsp.dipetalum , endemicPelargonium dipetalum L'Her. subsp.stenosiphon J.C.Manning & M.M.le Roux, endemicPelargonium dispar Pelargonium divisifolium Pelargonium dolomiticum Pelargonium echinatum Pelargonium elandsmontanum Pelargonium elegans Pelargonium ellaphieae Pelargonium elongatum Pelargonium englerianum Pelargonium ensatum Pelargonium auritum carneum (Harv.) E.M.Marais, presentPelargonium eupatoriifolium Pelargonium exhibens Pelargonium exstipulatum Pelargonium fasciculaceum Pelargonium fergusoniae Pelargonium fissifolium Pelargonium flavidum Pelargonium frutetorum Pelargonium fruticosum Pelargonium fulgidum Pelargonium fumariifolium Pelargonium gibbosum Pelargonium gilgianum Pelargonium githagineum Pelargonium glabriphyllum Pelargonium glutinosum Pelargonium gracile Pelargonium gracilipes Pelargonium gracillimum Pelargonium grandicalcaratum Pelargonium grandiflorum Pelargonium graveolens Pelargonium grenvilleae Pelargonium greytonense Pelargonium griseum Pelargonium grossularioides Pelargonium hantamianum Pelargonium hemicyclicum Pelargonium hermanniifolium Pelargonium heterophyllum Pelargonium hirtipetalum Pelargonium hirtum Pelargonium hispidum Pelargonium hypoleucum Pelargonium hystrix Pelargonium incarnatum Pelargonium incrassatum Pelargonium inquinans Pelargonium iocastum Pelargonium ionidiflorum Pelargonium karooicum Pelargonium keerombergense Pelargonium klinghardtense Pelargonium laciniatum Pelargonium ladysmithianum Pelargonium laevigatum Pelargonium laevigatum (L.f.) Willd. subsp.diversifolium (J.C.Wendl.) Schonken, endemicPelargonium laevigatum (L.f.) Willd. subsp.laevigatum , endemicPelargonium laevigatum (L.f.) Willd. subsp.oxyphyllum (DC.) Schonken, endemicPelargonium lanceolatum Pelargonium laxum Pelargonium laxum (Sweet) G.Don subsp.karooicum M.Becker & F.Albers, endemicPelargonium laxum (Sweet) G.Don subsp.laxum , endemicPelargonium leipoldtii Pelargonium leptum Pelargonium leucophyllum Pelargonium lobatum Pelargonium longicaule Pelargonium longicaule Jacq. var.angustipetalum C.Boucher, endemicPelargonium longicaule Jacq. var.longicaule , endemicPelargonium longiflorum Pelargonium longifolium Pelargonium luridum Pelargonium luteolum Pelargonium luteum Pelargonium magenteum Pelargonium minimum Pelargonium mollicomum Pelargonium moniliforme Pelargonium multicaule Pelargonium multicaule Jacq. subsp.multicaule , indigenousPelargonium multicaule Jacq. subsp.subherbaceum (R.Knuth) J.J.A.van der Walt, endemicPelargonium multiradiatum Pelargonium mutans Pelargonium myrrhifolium Pelargonium myrrhifolium (L.) L'Her. var.coriandrifolium (L.) Harv. endemicPelargonium myrrhifolium (L.) L'Her. var.myrrhifolium , endemicPelargonium namaquense Pelargonium bubonifolium Pelargonium nanum Pelargonium nelsonii Pelargonium nephrophyllum Pelargonium nervifolium Pelargonium nivenii Pelargonium dipetalum dipetalum , presentPelargonium nummulifolium Pelargonium oblongatum Pelargonium ocellatum Pelargonium ochroleucum Pelargonium odoratissimum Pelargonium oenothera Pelargonium oreophilum Pelargonium otaviense Pelargonium ovale Pelargonium ovale (Burm.f.) L'Her. subsp.hyalinum Hugo, endemicPelargonium ovale (Burm.f.) L'Her. subsp.ovale , endemicPelargonium ovale (Burm.f.) L'Her. subsp.veronicifolium (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Hugo, endemicPelargonium oxaloides Pelargonium pachypodium Pelargonium pallidoflavum Pelargonium panduriforme Pelargonium paniculatum Pelargonium papilionaceum Pelargonium parvipetalum Pelargonium parvirostre Pelargonium patulum Pelargonium patulum Jacq. var.grandiflorum N.van Wyk, endemicPelargonium patulum Jacq. var.patulum , endemicPelargonium patulum Jacq. var.tenuilobum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. endemicPelargonium peltatum Pelargonium petroselinifolium Pelargonium pillansii Pelargonium pilosellifolium Pelargonium pilosum Pelargonium petroselinifolium Pelargonium pinnatum Pelargonium plurisectum Pelargonium polycephalum Pelargonium praemorsum Pelargonium praemorsum (Andrews) F.Dietr. subsp.praemorsum , endemicPelargonium praemorsum (Andrews) F.Dietr. subsp.speciosum Scheltema, indigenousPelargonium proliferum Pelargonium pseudofumarioides Pelargonium pseudoglutinosum Pelargonium pubipetalum Pelargonium pulchellum Pelargonium pulcherrimum Pelargonium radiatum Pelargonium pulverulentum Pelargonium punctatum Pelargonium quarciticola Pelargonium quercifolium Pelargonium radens Pelargonium radiatum Pelargonium radicatum Pelargonium radulifolium Pelargonium ramosissimum Pelargonium ranunculophyllum Pelargonium rapaceum Pelargonium redactum Pelargonium reflexipetalum Pelargonium reflexum Pelargonium rehmannii Pelargonium luridum Pelargonium reniforme Pelargonium reniforme Curtis subsp.reniforme , endemicPelargonium reniforme Curtis subsp.velutinum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Dreyer, endemicPelargonium reticulatum Pelargonium auritum carneum (Harv.) E.M.Marais, presentPelargonium revolutum Pelargonium chelidonium Pelargonium ribifolium Pelargonium riversdalense Pelargonium rubiginosum Pelargonium rustii Pelargonium sabulosum Pelargonium salmoneum Pelargonium saxatile Pelargonium scabroide Pelargonium scabrum Pelargonium schizopetalum Pelargonium schlechteri Pelargonium semitrilobum Pelargonium senecioides Pelargonium sericifolium Pelargonium setosiusculum Pelargonium setosum Pelargonium setulosum Pelargonium sibthorpiifolium Pelargonium sidoides Pelargonium spathulatum Pelargonium longiflorum Pelargonium spinosum Pelargonium squamulosum Pelargonium radicatum Pelargonium stipulaceum Pelargonium stipulaceum (L.f.) Willd. subsp.ovato-stipulatum (R.Knuth) Vorster, endemicPelargonium stipulaceum (L.f.) Willd. subsp.stipulaceum , endemicPelargonium sublignosum Pelargonium suburbanum Pelargonium suburbanum Clifford ex D.A.Boucher subsp.bipinnatifidum Clifford ex D.A.Boucher, endemicPelargonium suburbanum Clifford ex D.A.Boucher subsp.suburbanum , endemicPelargonium sulphureum Pelargonium flavidum Pelargonium tabulare Pelargonium tenellum Pelargonium tenuicaule Pelargonium ternatum Pelargonium ternifolium Pelargonium tetragonum Pelargonium theianthum Pelargonium tomentosum Pelargonium tongaense Pelargonium torulosum Pelargonium tragacanthoides Pelargonium transvaalense Pelargonium triandrum Pelargonium tricolor Pelargonium trifidum Pelargonium trifoliatum Pelargonium ternifolium Pelargonium trifoliolatum Pelargonium tripalmatum Pelargonium triphyllum Pelargonium triste Pelargonium tysonii Pelargonium proliferum Pelargonium uliginosum Pelargonium undulatum Pelargonium viciifolium Pelargonium vinaceum Pelargonium violiflorum Pelargonium vitifolium Pelargonium weberi Pelargonium woodii Pelargonium worcesterae Pelargonium xerophyton Pelargonium zeyheri Pelargonium luridum Pelargonium zonale GenusSarcocaulon [ 6]
Sarcocaulon camdeboense Monsonia camdeboensis Sarcocaulon ciliatum Monsonia ciliata Sarcocaulon crassicaule Monsonia crassicaulis Sarcocaulon flavescens Monsonia flavescens Sarcocaulon herrei Monsonia herrei Sarcocaulon inerme Monsonia inermis Sarcocaulon l'heritieri Monsonia spinosa Sarcocaulon marlothii Monsonia marlothii Sarcocaulon mossamedense Monsonia mossamedensis Sarcocaulon multifidum Monsonia multifida Sarcocaulon patersonii Monsonia patersonii Sarcocaulon peniculinum Monsonia peniculina Sarcocaulon salmoniflorum Monsonia salmoniflora Sarcocaulon vanderietiae Monsonia vanderietiae GenusSeymouria [ 6]
Family:Melianthaceae ,[ 6]
GenusBersama [ 6]
GenusGreyia [ 6]
GenusMelianthus [ 6]
^a b Jeiter, Julius; Weigend, Maximilian; Hilger, Hartmut H. (1 February 2017)."Geraniales flowers revisited: evolutionary trends in floral nectaries" .Annals of Botany .119 (3):395– 408.doi :10.1093/aob/mcw230 .ISSN 0305-7364 .PMC 5314648 PMID 28025289 . ^ Jeiter, Julius; Hilger, Hartmut H; Smets, Erik F; Weigend, Maximilian (10 November 2017)."The relationship between nectaries and floral architecture: a case study in Geraniaceae and Hypseocharitaceae" .Annals of Botany .120 (5):791– 803.doi :10.1093/aob/mcx101 .ISSN 0305-7364 .PMC 5691401 PMID 28961907 . ^ Doyle, J. A.; Donoghue, M. J. (1986). "Seed plant phylogeny and the origin of the angiosperms - an experimental cladistic approach".Botanical Review .52 (4):321– 431.doi :10.1007/bf02861082 . ^ Butler, Rhett A. (1 July 2019)."Total number of plant species by country" . Mongabay. Retrieved21 July 2019 . ^ "Vegetation of South Africa" .PlantZAfrica.com . SA National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved24 July 2019 .^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "species_checklist_20180710.csv" . South African National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved27 September 2020 .
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