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List of Fatimid caliphs

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Fatimid Caliph
Fatimid gold dinar ofal-Mustansir, with the inscriptions in the concentric circles typical of Fatimid coinage
Residence
FormationAugust 909
First holderAbdallah al-Mahdi Billah
(873 AD -Al-Salamiyah,Syria)
AbolishedSeptember 1171

This is a list of an Arab dynasty, theShi'itecaliphs of theFatimid dynasty (909–1171). The Shi'ite caliphs were also regarded at the same time as theimams of theIsma'ili branch ofShi'a Islam.

#CoinKunyaGiven nameRegnal nameReignBirthDeathRemarksrefs
1Gold coin of Caliph al-Mahdi, Mahdiyya, 926Abu Muhammad
أبو محمد
Abd Allah
عبد الله
al-Mahdi bi'llah
المهدي
27 August 909 –
4 March 934
873
Salamiyah, Syria
4 March 934His claim to be theMahdi caused theQarmatian schism in 899. Fled Salamiya in 903, and settled atSijilmasa in 905 whileAbu Abdallah al-Shi'i overthrew theAghlabids and established theFatimid Caliphate in his name in 909. Fatimid rule overIfriqiya was consolidated and extended toSicily, but three attempts to invade Egypt and thence attack the Abbasids failed.
2Abu'l-Qasim
ابو القاسم
Muhammad
محمد
al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah
القائم بأمر الله
4 March 934 –
17 May 946
893
Salamiyah, Syria
17 May 946Only son of al-Mahdi bi'llah, his reign was dominated by theKharijite revolt ofAbu Yazid, who reduced the Fatimids to their palace city,al-Mahdiya.
3Abu Tahir
أبو طاهر
Isma'il
اسماعیل
al-Mansur bi-Nasr Allah
المنصور بنصر الله
17 May 946 –
18 March 953
913
Raqqada
18 March 953Defeated the rebellion of Abu Yazid, and resumed the war against the Byzantines in southern Italy.
4Gold coin of Caliph al-Mu'izz, Cairo, 969Abu Tamim
أبو تميم
Ma'ad
معد
al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah
المعز لدين الله
19 March 953 –
18 December 975
26 September 93118 December 975His generalJawhar occupied most of theMaghreb for him, and proceeded toconquer Egypt in 969. In 973, al-Mu'izz moved the Fatimid court and capital to newly foundedCairo. TheZirids were left in Ifriqiya as Fatimid viceroys.
5Abu Mansur
أبو منصور
Nizar
نزار
al-Aziz bi'llah
العزيز بالله
18 December 975 –
13 October 996
10 May 95514 October 996Succeeded in expanding Fatimid control over most ofSyria, where he entered into conflict with the Byzantines overAleppo.[1]
6Gold coin of Caliph al-Hakim, Sicily, 1010Abu Ali
أبو علي
Mansur
المنصور
al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah
الحاكم بأمر الله
14 October 996 –
13 February 1021
13 August 98513 February 1021 (disappeared)Concluded a lasting peace with the Byzantines in 1000. He is a respected religious figure due to his divine knowledge and extra ordinary personality. He disappeared, and was likely murdered, during a night excursion.
7Abu'l-Hasan
ابو الحسن
Ali
علي
al-Zahir li-i'zaz Din Allah
الظاهر لإعزاز دين الله
13 February 1021 –
13 June 1036
20 June 100513 June 1036His reign represents a return to normality after al-Hakim's turbulent final years.
8Gold coin of Caliph al-Mustansir, Egypt, 1055Abu Tamim
أبو تميم
Ma'ad
معد
al-Mustansir bi'llah
المستنصر بالله
13 June 1036[a]
29 December 1094/ 6 January 1095[6][7]
2 July 1029
Cairo
29 December 1094/ 6 January 1095[8][9]
Cairo
The longest-reigning Fatimid caliph, his reign saw increasing political instability and the near collapse of the dynasty at the hands of theSunni warlordNasir al-Dawla ibn Hamdan. The Armenian generalBadr al-Jamali restored order and saved the dynasty, but installed himself as a virtual military dictator ("vizier of the sword") independent of the caliph.
9Gold coin of Caliph al-Musta'li, Tripoli, 1101Abu'l-Qasim
ابو القاسم
Ahmad
أحمد
al-Musta'li bi'llah
المستعلي بالله
29 December 1094/6 January 1095[10][11]–1101
16 September 1074
Cairo
12 December 1101Probably the youngest son of al-Mustansir, he was raised to the throne by Badr's son and successor,al-Afdal Shahanshah. This caused the rebellion and death of his older brotherNizar, and split the Isma'ili movement into rivalMusta'li andNizari branches. A puppet of al-Afdal, his reign saw the arrival of theFirst Crusade.
10Gold coin of Caliph al-Amir, Tyre, 1118Abu Ali
أبو علي
Mansur
منصور
al-Amir bi-Ahkam Allah
الآمر بأحكام الله
1101 – 8 October 113031 December 10968 October 1130Raised to the throne as a child by al-Afdal, who was his uncle and became his father-in-law. Until al-Afdal's murder in 1121. His reign saw the progressive loss of the coastal cities of theLevant to the Crusaders.
Interregnum due to al-Amir dying without a stable succession other than the infantal-Tayyib, who died or was killed soon after. Regency of Abd al-Majid (the future al-Hafiz) and usurpation ofKutayfat.
11Abu'l-Maymun
أبو الميمون
Abd al-Majid
عبد المجيد
al-Hafiz li-Din Allah
الحافظ لدين الله
23 January 1132 –
8 October 1149
1074/58 October 1149The oldest surviving grandson of al-Musta'li, he became regent following al-Amir's death, and claimed the caliphate following the murder of Kutayfat. His irregular succession caused the split of Musta'li Isma'ilism intoHafizi andTayyibi branches. His reign was relatively peaceful abroad, but turbulent domestically, as he had to confront over-mighty viziers and even the ambitions of his own sons. He was the last Fatimid caliph to exercise true authority over the government.
12Abu Mansur
أبو منصور
Isma'il
اسماعیل
Al-Zafir bi-Amr Allah
الظافر بأمر الله
1149–1154February 1133March 1154His rule marks the beginning of the end for the Fatimid state: from then on the caliphs were underage youths, sidelined and mere puppets[12]
13Abu'l-Qasim
ابو القاسم
Isa
عيسى
al-Fa'iz bi-Nasr Allah
الفائز بيناصر الله
1154–1160114923 July 1160Raised to the throne at the age of five after the murder of his father by thevizierAbbas ibn Abi al-Futuh, and spent his entire life as apuppet of Abbas' successor,Tala'i ibn Ruzzik. Experiencingepileptic seizures, al-Fa'iz died from an episode at the age of eleven, and his nephew,al-Adid, the final Fatimid caliph, succeeded him.
14Abu Muhammad
أبو محمد
Abdallah
عبدالله
al-Adid li-Din Allah
العاضد لدين الله
1160–117116 May 115113 September 1171Al-Adid, a child ruler, became a puppet of powerful figures as the Fatimid Caliphate crumbled.Saladin took control, dismantled the regime, and suppressed Isma'ilism.

Family tree of Fatimid caliphs

[edit]
Main articles:Fatimid dynasty andDetailed Fatimid dynasty family trees
Historical Arab states and dynasties
Northern Ancient Arab states
Kingdom of Qedar 800 BC–300 BC
Kingdom of Lihyan 600 BC–100 BC
Nabataean Kingdom 400 BC–106 AD
Abgarid dynasty (Osroene) 134 BC–242 AD
Emesene Dynasty 64 BC–300s AD
Kingdom of Hatra 100s–241 AD
Tanukhids 196–1100 AD
Ghassanids 220–638 AD
Salihids 300s–500s AD
Lakhmids 300s–602 AD
Kingdom of Kinda 450 AD–550 AD
Southern Ancient Arab states
Kingdom of Awsan 800 BC–700 BC
Kingdom of Saba' 1200 BCE–275 CE
Kingdom of Ḥaḑramawt 1000 BC–290 CE
Kingdom of Qatabān 1000 BC–200 CE
Kingdom of Ma'in 600 BC–150 CE
Kingdom of Ḥimyar 110 BCE–525 CE
Arab empires and caliphates
Rashidun 632–661
Umayyads 661–750
Abbasids 750–1258
Fatimids 909–1171
Caliphate of Córdoba929–1031
Omani Empire 1696–1856
Sharifian Caliphate 1916–1931
Eastern dynasties
Emirate of Armenia 654–884
Emirate of Tbilisi 736–1122
Emirate of Crete 824–961
Dulafids 840–897
Habbari Emirate 854–1011
Emirate of Multan 855–1010
Kaysites 860–964
Shirvanshah 861–1538
Alid dynasties of northern Iran 864–14th century
Hashimids 869–1075
Hamdanids 890–1004
Mazyadids 961–1150
Jarrahids 970–1107
Uqaylids 990–1096
Numayrids 990–1081
Mirdasids 1024–1080
Munqidhites 1025–1157
Muzaffarids 1314–1393
Ma'nids 1517–1697
Turabays 1480–1677
Harfushs 1517–1865
Shihabs 1697–1842
Western dynasties and caliphates
Salihids710–1019
Fihrid Emirate745–757
Emirate of Córdoba756–929
Muhallabids771–793
Idrisids788–974
Aghlabids800–909
Sulaymanids814–922
Muslim Sicily831–1091
Kanzids1004–1412
Bakrids1012–1051
Tujibids1013–1039
Amirids1020–1086
Abbadids1023–1091
Yahsubids1023–1062
Hammudids1026–1057
Muzaynids1027–1063
Jawharids1031–1091
Hudids1039–1110
Sumadihids1041–1091
Tahirids1049–1078
Nasrids1230–1492
Saadids1554–1659
Alawis1631–present
Senussids1837–1969
Arabian Peninsula
Imamate of Oman 751–1970
Ziyadids 819–1138
Yufirids 847–997
Ukhaidhirds 865–1066
Rassids 897–1962
Wajihids 926–965
Sharifate of Mecca 968–1925
Sulayhids 1047–1138
Sulaymanids 1063–1174
Uyunids 1076–1253
Zurayids 1083–1174
Nabhanids 1154–1624
Mahdids 1159–1174
Rasulids 1229–1454
Usfurids 1253–1320
Jarwanids 1305–1487
Kathirids 1395–1967
Tahirids 1454–1526
Jabrids 1463–1521
Kingdom of Khaza'il 1534–1921
Qasimids 1597–1872
Ya'arubids 1624–1742
Emirate of Dir'iyah 1744–1818
Upper Yafa 1800–1967
Muscat and Oman 1820–1970
Rashidids 1836–1921
Qu'aitids 1858–1967
Emirate of Beihan 1903–1967
Idrisids 1906–1934
Mutawakkilite Kingdom 1926–1970
East Africa
Current monarchies
'Alawis (Morocco) 1631–present
Al Qasimi (Ras al Khaymah) 1727–present
Al Qasimi (Sharjah) 1727–present
Al Saud (Saudi Arabia) 1744–present
Al Said (Oman) 1749–present
Al Sabah (Kuwait) 1752–present
Al Nahyan (Abu Dhabi) 1761–present
Al Mualla (Umm al-Quwain) 1775–present
Al Khalifa (Bahrain) 1783–present
Al Nuaimi (Ajman) 1810–present
Al Maktoum (Dubai) 1833–present
Al Thani (Qatar) 1868–present
Al Sharqi (Fujairah) 1879–present
Hashemites (Jordan) 1921–present
Family tree of theFatimid dynasty
Abu Muhammad Abdallah
al-Mahdi bi'llah

(r. 909–934)
Abu'l-Qasim Muhammad
al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah

(r. 934–946)
Abu Ali AhmadOther children
al-Qasim§Abu Tahir Isma'il
al-Mansur bi'llah

(r. 946–953)
Other children
Abu Tamim Ma'ad
al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah

(r. 953–975)
Abd al-Rahim§
TamimAbdallah§Abu Mansur Nizar
al-Aziz bi'llah

(r. 975–996)
Other children
AminaAbu Ali Mansur
al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah

(r. 996–1021)
Sitt al-MulkOther children
Abu'l-Hasan Ali
al-Zahir li-I'zaz Din Allah

(r. 1021–1036)
Abu Tamim Ma'ad
al-Mustansir bi'llah

(r. 1036–1094)
Abu Mansur Nizar§
(elder son)
Abu AbdallahAbdallahIsma'ilAbu'l-Qasim MuhammadOther childrenAbu'l-Qasim Ahmad
al-Musta'li bi'llah

(r. 1094–1101)
al-HusaynNizari imams
(claimed descent)
Abu'l-Maymun Abd al-Majid
al-Hafiz li-Din Allah

(r. 1132–1149)
Abu Ali Mansur
al-Amir bi-Ahkam Allah

(r. 1101–1130)
Ja'farOther children
Sulayman§Haydara§Hasan§Abu Mansur Isma'il
al-Zafir bi-Amr Allah

(r. 1149–1154)
YusufOther childrenAbu'l-Qasim al-Tayyib§
Abu'l-Qasim Isa
al-Fa'iz bi-Nasr Allah

(r. 1154–1160)
Abu Muhammad Abdallah
al-Adid li-Din Allah

(r. 1160–1171)
Tayyibihidden imams
(claimed descent)
Dawud
Sulayman
§ denotesdesignated heirs who did not accede to the throne
   denotes rulingFatimid caliphs (with regnal names inbold and regnal dates)

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^While the year 1035 is cited by some historians as the year in which he ascended the throne,[2][3] the year 1036 is cited more frequently, particularly by Muslim scholars.[4][5]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Canard, Marius (1960)."al-ʿAzīz Biʾllāh". InGibb, H. A. R.;Kramers, J. H.;Lévi-Provençal, E.;Schacht, J.;Lewis, B. &Pellat, Ch. (eds.).The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition.Volume I: A–B. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 823–825.doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_0953.OCLC 495469456.
  2. ^Hitti, Philip K. (2002).A Short History of the Arabs: From the Earliest Times to the Present (Revised 10 ed.). Macmillan Education UK.ISBN 0333631420.
  3. ^O'Leary, De Lacy (1923).A Short History of the Fatamid Caliphate. p. 193.
  4. ^"MÜSTA'LÎ-BİLLÂH el-FÂTIMÎ - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi".TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi (in Turkish).
  5. ^"MUSTANSIR BILLAH I (427-487/1036-1095), 18TH IMAM".ismaili.net. Retrieved13 February 2022.
  6. ^"MÜSTA'LÎ-BİLLÂH el-FÂTIMÎ - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi".TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi (in Turkish).
  7. ^"MUSTANSIR BILLAH I (427-487/1036-1095), 18TH IMAM".ismaili.net. Retrieved13 February 2022.
  8. ^"MÜSTA'LÎ-BİLLÂH el-FÂTIMÎ - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi".TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi (in Turkish).
  9. ^"MUSTANSIR BILLAH I (427-487/1036-1095), 18TH IMAM".ismaili.net. Retrieved15 February 2022.
  10. ^"MÜSTA'LÎ-BİLLÂH el-FÂTIMÎ - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi".TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi (in Turkish).
  11. ^"MUSTANSIR BILLAH I (427-487/1036-1095), 18TH IMAM".ismaili.net. Retrieved15 February 2022.
  12. ^Daftary, Farhad (2011).The Ismā'īlīs: Their History and Doctrines (2. ed., repr. with corr ed.). New York, NY: Cambridge Univ. Press. pp. 250–252.ISBN 978-0-521-61636-2.
Imam-Caliphs
History
Foundation and rise (909–973)
Apogee and crisis (973–1073)
Recovery and downfall (1073–1171)
Government
Viziers
and regents
Vassal dynasties
Officials,governors
andgenerals
Military
Economy
Isma'ilism
Doctrines
Branches and offshoots
Missionaries
and theologians
Anti-Fatimid
movement
Culture
Art andarchitecture
Literature and learning
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