All or almost allrivers in Europe havealternative names in different languages. Some rivers have also undergonename changes for political or other reasons. This article provides known alternative names for all major European rivers. It also includes alternative names of some lesser rivers that are important because of their location or history.
This article does not offer any opinion about what the "original", "official", "real", or "correct" name of any river is or was. Rivers are listed alphabetically by theircurrent best-known name in English. The English version is followed by variants in other languages, in alphabetical order by name, and then by any historical variants and former names.
Foreign names that are the same as their English equivalents may be listed, to provide an answer to the question "What is that name in...?".
| English name | Countries | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|---|
| Aa |  51°00′21″N2°06′16″E / 51.005833°N 2.104444°E /51.005833; 2.104444 (Aa) | Aa (Dutch, French, West Flemish),Abbe (Picard),Agnio (Latin) |
| Aare |  47°36′21″N8°13′24″E / 47.6057°N 8.2234°E /47.6057; 8.2234 (Aare) | Aar (French, Italian),Aara (Romansh, Czech),Aare (Alemannish, German),Abrinca,Arola orArula (Latin) |
| Achelous |  38°19′53″N21°06′05″E / 38.331389°N 21.101389°E /38.331389; 21.101389 (Achelous) | Achelôios -Ἀχελῷος (ancient Greek),Achelóos -Αχελώος (modern Greek),Acheloos (German, alternative English),Acheloös (Dutch),Achéloos orAchéloüs (French),Achelous (Latin),Aheloos (Romanian),Aqueloo (Spanish form in mythology),Aspropotamo (Italian),Aspropotamos -Ασπροπόταμος (medieval Greek),Aspropótamos (Spanish),Axenus,Thestiu, andThoas (possible earlier ancient Greek names) |
| Acheron | 39°14′10″N20°28′34″E / 39.236111°N 20.476111°E /39.236111; 20.476111 (Acheron) | Acheron (Latin, German, Turkish),Acherōn -Ἀχέρων orAcherousios -Ἀχερούσιος (Ancient Greek),Achéron (French),Acherontas -Αχέροντας (modern Greek),Acheronte (Italian),Aheron (Romanian),Aheront (Croatian),Aqueront (Catalan),Aqueronte orAquerón (Spanish),Gliqi orFrar (Albanian) |
| Adda |  45°08′04″N9°52′54″E / 45.134444°N 9.881667°E /45.134444; 9.881667 (Adda) | Abdua andAbadua (Latin variants),Ada (Lombard, Venetian),Adda (Italian),Addua (Latin) |
| Adige | 45°08′59″N12°19′13″E / 45.149722°N 12.320278°E /45.149722; 12.320278 (Adige) | Ades (Dolomitic Ladin),Àdexe (Venetian),Adige (Italian, French),Adigio (Spanish),Adis (Lombard),Adiža (Slovene),Adiže (Czech),Adyga (Polish),Athesis (Latin),Athyses -Αθυσης (Ancient Greek),Égg’ (Emiliano-Romagnolo),Etsch (German) |
| Adour | 43°31′46″N1°31′25″E / 43.529444°N 1.523611°E /43.529444; 1.523611 (Adour) | Ador (Occitan),Adour (French, German, Italian),Adur (Spanish),Aturri (Basque) |
| Ain | 45°47′45″N5°10′10″E / 45.795833°N 5.169444°E /45.795833; 5.169444 (Ain) | Addua,Danus,Idanus,Indus orIgneus (Neo-Latin),Ain (French),Hinnis (Old French) |
| Aire |  53°43′38″N0°54′24″W / 53.7272°N 0.9067°W /53.7272; -0.9067 (Aire) | Arus (Neo-Latin; 17th-century),Eyr andEir (Middle English; 12th century),ðarcy andYr (Anglo-Saxon; 10th century) |
| Aisne | 49°26′01″N2°50′49″E / 49.433611°N 2.846944°E /49.433611; 2.846944 (Aisne) | Ainne (Picard),Aisne (French),Axona (Latin) |
| Akhurian |   40°07′53″N43°38′54″E / 40.1315°N 43.6484°E /40.1315; 43.6484 (Akhurian) | Achurjan (German),Akhourian (French),Akhurean -Ախուրեան (Classical Armenian),Akhuryan -Ախուրյան (Armenian),Akhuryan -Ахурян orArpachayАрпачай (Russian),Arpaçay (Turkish),ارپه چاى (Ottoman Turkish) |
| Alatyr |  54°47′31″N45°06′50″E / 54.792°N 45.114°E /54.792; 45.114 (Alatyr) | Alatyr -Алатырь (Russian),Rator -Ратор (Erzya and Mocksha Mordvin),Ulatăr -Улатӑр (Chuvash) |
| Alazani |   | Alaz -Алаз (Chechen),Alazan -Ալազան (Armenian),Alazan -Алазан (Avaric),Alazani -ალაზანი (Georgian),Alazani -Алаза́ни (Russian),Dur -Дур (Tsakhur),Qanıx (Azerbaijani) |
| Albula | | Albula (German),Alvra (Romansh) |
| Alfeios | | Alfeo (Italian, Spanish),Alfios (German),Alphée (French),Alpheiós -Ἀλφειός (ancient Greek),Alpheus (Latin),Alphiós -Αλφειός (modern Greek),Rouphiás -Ρουφιάς (alternative Greek name) |
| Aller |  | Alera,Elera andAlara (Old Saxon/Neo-Latin; 8th-11th century),Aller (German) |
| Allier | | Aleî (Auvergnat dialect of Occitan),Alèir (Occitan),Alier (Catalan),Allier (French),Elaver (Latin) |
| Altaelva |  | Alattionjoki (Finnish, Kven),Altaälven (Swedish),Altaelv (German),Altaelva (Norwegian),Álttáeatnu (Northern Sami) |
| Altmühl | | Alcmona andAlcmana (8th-9th century),Altmühl (German) |
| Alzette |  | Alisontia (Latin),Alzette (French),Alzig andElze (German, old),Uelzecht (Luxembourgish) |
| Amblève |  | Ambleve (Walloon),Amblève (French),Amel (German) |
| Amper | | Amber (Latin),Ammer (German; upstream river),Amper (German; downstream river) |
| Amstel |  | Aem orAeme (Old Frisian),Aemstel (Middle Dutch; 12th-13th century),Amstel (Dutch) |
| Angrapa |  | Angerapp (German),Angrapa -Анграпа (Russian),Angrapė (Lithuanian),Węgorapa (Polish) |
| Aniene | | Anien,Anio orTibero (Latin),Aniene orTeverone (Italian) |
| Aoös |  | Aias/Aoös -Αίας/Αώος (modern Greek),Aōos -Αώος (Ancient Greek),Aous (Latin),Băiasa (Aromanian),Vjosa orVjosë (Albanian),Vjosa (French, German),Voiussa (Italian),Vojuša -Војуша (Macedonian, Serbian),Vovousa -Βοβούσα (modern Greek alternative) |
| Arachthos | | Arachthos (French, German, Italian, Spanish),Árakhthos -Άραχθος (Greek),Narta (Albanian) |
| Aragón |  | Aragó (Catalan),Aragoi (Basque),Aragon (French, Occitan),Aragón (Aragonese, Spanish),Aragonius (Latin) |
| Aras |  | Arakhsi -არაქსი (Georgian),Araks -Արաքս (Armenian),Araks -Аракс (Russian),Aras (Turkish, German, Italian, Spanish),Aras - ارس (Persian),Araxe (French),Araxes (Latin, English variant),Araxes -Αράξης (ancient Greek),Araz (Azerbaijani),Erez (Kurdish),Rakhsi -რახსი (Old Georgian),Yeraskh -Երասխ (Classical Armenian) |
| Arda |  | Arda -Арда (Bulgarian),Arda (Turkish),Árdas -Άρδας (Modern Greek),Arpisos -Άρπησσος (Ancient Greek),Artiscus (Latin) |
| Ardèche | | Ardecha (Occitan),Ardèche (French),Hentica? (AD 950) |
| Argens | | Argenç (Occitan),Argens (French),Argenteus(Latin) |
| Argeș |  | Ardzhesh -Арджеш (Bulgarian),Argeș (Romanian),Argisch (German),Argyas (Hungarian),Ordessos andArgessus (Latin) |
| Ariège | | Arièja (Occitan),Arieja (Catalan),Ariège (French),Aurigera(Latin) |
| Arieș | | Aranyos (Hungarian),Arieș (Romanian),Goldfluss (German, rare) |
| Arno | | Arno (Italian),Arnu (Sicilian),Arnus (Latin) |
| Arroux | | Arotius,Isrus,Hesrus orAdrus (Latin),Arroux (French) |
| Aterno | | Aterno (Italian; upstream part),Aternos -Άτερνος (Ancient Greek),Aternus andPiscarius (Latin),Pescara (Italian; downstream part) |
| Arve | | Arva (Latin),Arve (French) |
| Aube | | Alba andAlbis (Latin; 8th-9th century),Aube (French) |
| Aude | | Atax (Latin),Aude (French, Catalan, Occitan), |
| Aulne | | Alaunus (Latin),Aon (Breton, Welsh),Aulne (French) |
| Authie | | Alteia (Latin),Authie (French),Eutie (Picard),Otie (Dutch) |
| Aveyron | | Avairon (Occitan),Avario andVeronius (Latin),Aveyron (French) |
| Avon | | Auvona (Latin),Bristol Avon (English variant) |
| English name | Countries | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|---|
| Bacchiglione | | Bacajon (Venetian),Bacchiglione (Italian),Medoacus Minor (Latin) |
| Baïse | | Baïsa (Occitan),Baïse (French),Banisia (Neo-Latin; 13th century),Vanesia (Latin; 4th century) |
| Bann |  | Bann Wattèr (Ulster-Scots),Bhanna (Irish) |
| Barrow |  | Berua orBirgus (Latin),Bhearú (Irish) |
| Basento | | Basento (Italian),Casuentus (Latin) |
| Bega |  | Bega (Romanian, German),Béga (Hungarian),Begej -Бегеј (Serbian, Bosnian) |
| Belaya (Kama) | | Ağídel -Агыйдел (Tatar),Ağiźel -Ағиҙел (Bashkir),Aqedil -Ақеділ (Kazakh),Asho -Ашо (Erzya),Belaïa orAguidel (French),Belaja (Dutch, German, Italian),Belaya -Бе́лая (Russian),Bélaya orAghidhel (Spanish),Bila -Біла (Ukrainian),Osh Viche -Ош Виче (Mari),Töd’y Kam -Тӧдьы Кам (Udmur),Šur Atăl -Шур Атӑл (Chuvash) |
| Berezina |  | Berezina -Березина (Russian, Ukrainian),Berezina (Czech, Lithuanian),Berezyna (Polish),Bjaresina (German),Byarezina -Бярэ́зіна (Belarusian) |
| Berkel | | Bekke (Achterhooks),Bercle,Bercla andBerclo (14th century),Berkel (Dutch, German, Low Saxon) |
| Berounka[1] |  | Beraun (German),Berounka (Czech),Mies (German; upstream, formerly entire river),Mže (Czech; upstream, formerly entire river),Plzenská reka,Radbuza,Watta (former Czech names) |
| Bîc |  | Bîc orBâc (Romanian),Bik orBic (German),Byk -Бик (Ukrainian),Byk -Бык (Russian) |
| Biebrza | | Bebras (Lithuanian),Biebrza (Polish),Bober (German variant),Бобра -Bobra (former? Belarusian, Ukrainian),Byebzha -Бебжа (Belarusian) |
| Biferno | | Biferno (Italian),Tifernus orPhiternus (Latin) |
| Birs | | Birs (Alemannisch, German),Birsa (Italian, Latin),Birse (French) |
| Bistrica [fr;sr] |  | Bistrica (Montenegrin, Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian),Clear water (English) |
| Bistrița | | Beszterce (Hungarian),Bistrița (Romanian),Bistritz (German),Nösen (archaic German) |
| Blackwater (Munster) | | An Abha Mhór (Irish),Auenmorus (Latin) |
| Blavet | | Blabia, laterBlavetum orBlavitta (Latin),Blavet (French),Blavezh (Breton, Welsh), |
| Bóbr | | Bober (German),Bobr (Czech, Sorbian),Bóbr (Polish),Bobrawa (Lower Sorbian variant),Bubr -Бубр (Ukrainian) |
| Bodrog |   | Bodrog (Slovak, Hungarian),Bodrok (former Slovak variant) |
| Buna | | Barbana (Latin),Boiana (Italian),Bojana -Бојана (Montenegrin, Macedonian, Serbian),Boyana (Turkish),Boyna -Μπούνα (Greek),Buna (Albanian, Czech, French, German),Bunë (Albanian) |
| Bosna |  | Basana /Bathinus (Latin),Bosna (Bosnian, Croatian),Bosna -Босна (Serbian),Bośnia (Polish) |
| Boyne | | Bhóinn orAbhainn na Bóinne (Irish),Boandus (Neo-Latin (13th-century),Bououinda -Βουουινδα (Greek, 2nd century) |
| Brda | | Brahe (German),Brda (Polish, Czech) |
| Brenta | | Brandau (German),Brenta (Italian, Venetian),Medeiochos -Μηδειοχος (ancient Greek),Medoacus Maior (Latin) |
| Bug, Southern |  | Aksu (Ottoman Turkish),Boh (Czech, Polish, Slovak),Boug méridional (French),Bug orBugul de Sud (Romanian),Etelä-Bug (Finnish),Hypanis -Ύπανις (ancient Greek, Latin),Lõuna-Bug (Estonian),Pivdennyi Buh -Південний Буг (Ukrainian),Südlicher Bug (German),Yuzhnyi Bug -Южный Буг (Russian),Zuidelijke Boeg (Dutch) |
| Bug, Western | | Boug (French),Bug (Polish, English, German, Hungarian),Bug /Länsi-Bug (Finnish),Bug /Lääne-Bug (Estonian),Bug - בוג (Yiddish),Buga (Latin, Latvian),Bugas (Lithuanian),Zakhidyi Buh -Західний Буг (Ukrainian),Zakhodni Bug -Заходні Буг (Belarusian),Zapadnyi Bug -Западный Буг (Russian) |
| Buzău | | Bodza (Hungarian),Buzau (German),Buzău (Romanian) |
| English name | Countries | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|---|
| Canche | | Canche (French, Picard),Kwinte (Old Dutch),Quantia orCancia (Latin) |
| Cetina |  | Cetina (Croatian, Bosnian),Cetina -Цетина (Serbian),Cettina (Italian),Zetina (German (archaic)) |
| Cehotina | | Ćehotina (Montenegrin, Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian) |
| Charente | | Carantonus (Latin; 4th century),[2]Charanta (Occitan),Charente (French),Kanentelos -Κανεντελος (Ancient Greek; 140 AD).[3] |
| Cheptsa | | Čepca (Italian),Cheptsa -Чепца (Russian),Chupchi -Чупчи (Udmurt),Çüpçe -Чүпче (Tatar),Tcheptsa (French),Tschepza (German) |
| Cher | | Caris,Carus,Chares,Charus (Latin),[2]Char (Occitan),Cher (French) |
| Chiers | | Chiers (French),Korn (German),Kuer (orKar,Kor orKorn) (Luxembourgish) |
| Chusovaya | | Chusovaya -Чусовая (Russian,Chuvash),Čusovaja (Italian),Tchoussovaïa (French),Tschussowaja (German),Tsjoesovaja (Dutch) |
| Cinca | | Cinca (Aragonese, Catalan, Spanish),Cinga (Latin, 1st century BC),[4]Nahr al-Zaytun (Arabic, 9th-century),[5]Zinca (Aragonese; old spelling?) |
| Clyde |  | Chluaidh (Scottish Gaelic, Breton, Irish),Cluda orGlota (Latin),[2]Clud (Welsh),Clud orClut (medieval Cumbric),Clyde (Scots) |
| Cogâlnic | | Cogâlnic,Cunduc orCogîlnic (Romanian),Kogelnik (German),Kogylnik -Когильник (Russian),Kohylnyk -Когильник orKunduk -Кундук (Ukrainian) |
| Corrib | | Abhainn na Coiribe (English name translated in Irish),Galway River (Irish name translated into English),Ghaillimh (Irish) |
| Çoruh | | Acampsis,Acampseon,Acapsis (Latin),[6]Akampsis -Άκαμψις (Greek),Boas -Βωας (6th-century Greek),[7]Boas,Chorokh andChuruk (former English),[8][9]Ch'orokhi -ჭოროხი (Georgian, Mingrelian),Čorox -Ճորոխ (Armenian),Çorox (Azerbaijani),Çoroxi (Zazaki),Çoruh (Turkish),Tchorokhi (French) |
| Couesnon | | Coetnum orCossonis (Latin),[2]Couesnon (French),Kouenon orC'houenon (Breton) |
| Crasna | | Crasna (Romanian),Kraszna (Hungarian) |
| Creuse | | Creuse (French),Crosa,Chrosa andCroza (8th-13th century neo-Latin)[10]Cruesa (Occitan) |
| Crişul Alb | | Bílý Kriš (Czech, Slovak),Crişul Alb (Romanian),Fehér-Körös (Hungarian),Weiße Kreisch (German) |
| Crişul Negru | | Černý Kriš (Czech),Čierny Kriš (Slovak),Crişul Negru (Romanian),Fekete-Körös (Hungarian),Schwarze Kreisch (German) |
| Crişul Repede | | Bystrý Kriš (Slovak, Czech),Crişul Repede (Romanian),Schnelle Kreisch (German),Sebes-Körös (Hungarian) |
| Crna |  | Cherna -Черна (Bulgarian),Cerna (Romanian, former English),Crna -Црна (Macedonian, Serbian),Erigon (Thracian),[11]Erigonas -Εριγώνας (Greek),Erigonus (Latin) |
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| English name | Countries | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|---|
| Dahme | | Dahme (German),Dubja orDamna (Upper Sorbian) |
| Dalälven |  | Dal River orDalecarlia River (English),Dalälven (Swedish) |
| Dâmbovița | | Dâmbovița orDîmbovița (Romanian),Dymbowica (Polish),Izvoru Oticului andOticu (Romanian; alternative for upper reaches) |
| Danube |  | Danav (Breton),Danóib (Irish),Danube (French),Danubi (Albanian, Catalan, Lombard, Occitan),Danubio (Italian, Spanish),Danúbio (Portuguese),Danuvius /Danubius (Latin; upper river),[12]Doana (Bavarian),Dóná (Icelandic),Donaris (Dacian, upper river),[13]Donau (Afrikaans, Danish, Dutch, German, Indonesian, Norwegian, Swedish),Donava (Latvian, Slovene),Donaw/Donwy (Welsh),Donnä (Alemannic),Donua (Old English),Dounavis -Δούναβης (Greek),Duna (Aromanian, Hungarian),Dunaj (Czech, Polish, Slovak),Dunaja (Romani),Dunărea (Romanian),Dunav -Дунав (Bosnian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Serbian),Dunay -Дунай (Russian, Ukrainian),Dunojus (Lithuanian),Hister orIster (Latin; lower river),[12]Istros -Ιστρος (Ancient Greek; lower river),Matoas (Thracian),[14]Tonava (Finnish),Tuna (Turkish) |
| Daugava or Western Dvina |  | Daugava (Latvian, Estonian, French, Italian),Daugava orVästra Dvina (Swedish),Daugava orWestelijke Dwina (Dutch),Daugova (Latgalian, Samogitian),Dauguva (Lithuanian),Duina (Spanish),Duina Occidentalis (Latin),Duína Ocidental (Portuguese),Düna (German),Dvina Thiar (Irish),Dz'vina -Дзьвіна (Belarusian),Dźwina (Polish),Ntaounkava -Νταουγκάβα orDytikos Ntbina -Δυτικός Ντβίνα (Greek),Väina (Estonian),Väinäjoki (Finnish),Vēna (Livonian),Western Dvina (alternative English name),Zakhidna Dvina -Західна Двіна (Ukrainian),Zapadnaya Dvina -Западная Двина (Russian),Západní Dvina (Czech, Slovak) |
| Dee, Aberdeenshire | | Abredea andDiona (Latin),Dee (Scots, Welsh),Dhè (Scottish Gaelic),Dhé (Irish) |
| Dee, Wales |  | Dea/Deia/Deva/Deya (Latin),Dyfrdwy (Welsh, Breton, Scottish Gaelic) |
| Dender | | Dender (Dutch, West Flemish),Dendre (French),Tinre (Walloon) |
| Desna | | Desna -Десна (Russian, Ukrainian),Deyasna -Дзясна (Belarusian),Gyeszna (Hungarian) |
| Dinkel | | Deenkel (Low Saxon),Dinkel (Dutch, German) |
| Dnieper | | Borysthenes (early Latin),Borysthenes -Βορυσθενης (early Ancient Greek),Dānu apara orDānu apr (Sarmatian),Danaper (late Latin),Danapres -Δαναπρης (late Ancient Greek),Danápris(Portuguese),Dinyeper (Turkish),Dneiperos -Δνείπερος (modern Greek),Dneper (Slovene),Dnepr (Danish, Estonian, Finnish, German, Norwegian, Swedish),Dnepr -Днепр (Russian),Dněpr (Czech),Dnieper (Italian),Dniéper (Spanish),Dnièper (Catalan),Dniepr (Polish),an Dnípir (Irish),Dnipro -Дніпро orDniper -Дніпер (Ukrainian),Dnjepar (Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian),Dnjepr (Dutch),Dnyapro -Дняпро orDnyepr -Днепр (Belarusian),Dnyeper (Hungarian),Exi (Tatar),Nipru (Romanian),Özü (Crimean Tatar),Slavuta orSlavutych (Old East Slavic),Var (Hunnic),*Varu-stāna (Scythian) |
| Dniester | | Dānu nazdya (Sarmatian),Dinyester (Turkish),Dnesteros -Δνειστερος (modern Greek),Dnester (Slovene),Dnestr -Днестр (Russian),Dnestr (Estonian, Finnish, Swedish),Dněstr (Czech),Dniester (Italian),Dnièster (Catalan),Dniestr (Polish),Dnister (English variant),Dnister -Дністер (Ukrainian),an Dnístir (Irish),Dnjestar (Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian),Dnjestr (Dutch, Swedish),Dnyeszter (Hungarian),Ister (Thracian),Nester (Yiddish),Nistro (Italian, Portuguese),Nistru (Romanian),Thyras -Θυρας (Ancient Greek),tūra (Scythian),Turla (Turkish),Tyras (Latin),Danastro (Portuguese) |
| Dollart | | Doalert (Western Frisian),Dollard (Dutch, French),Dollart (German),Dollert (Low Saxon),Dullert (Low German, Saterland Frisian) |
| Dommel | | Dommel (Dutch; Limburgish),Duthmala (Latin; 8th century) |
| Don | | Don -Дон (Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian),Don (French, German, Spanish, etc.),Silys (Scythian),[15]Tăn -Тэн (Kabardian),Tanais (Latin),[16]Tanaïs - Τάναϊς (Ancient Greek),Tyn -Тын (Tatar) |
| Don, Aberdeenshire | | Deathan (Irish),Devona (Latin),Dheathain (Scottish Gaelic),Don (Scots) |
| Donets | | DanetsДанец (Belarusian),Donec (Italian),Donets (Dutch, French, Spanish),(Sívers'kyj) DonetsДонець (Ukrainian),(Séverskij) Donets -Донец (Russian),Donez (German),Doniec (Polish),Donyec (Hungarian),Tanais Minor orSeveriensis (Latin) |
| Dora Baltea | | Deura Bàotia (Piedmontese),Djouiye (Valdôtain),[17]Doire baltée (French),Dora Baltea (Italian, Lombard),Duère Baltèa orDuère (Arpitan),Duria Bautica orDuria Maior (Latin),[2]Dzouëre (Valdôtain),[18]Jouère Baltèa orJouère (Arpitan) |
| Dora Riparia | | Dòira Rivaria (Piedmontese),Doire Ripaire (French),Dora Riparia (Italian),Duria minor orDuria Ripuaria (Latin) |
| Dordogne | | Dordogna (Breton, Italian),Dordogne (French),Dordoina (Basque),Dordoña (Spanish),Dordonha (Occitan, Portuguese),Dordonya (Catalan),Ḏornton -Ντορντόν (modern Greek),Duranius (Latin)[19] |
| Dospat | | Despatis/Despotis -Δεσπάτης/Δεσπότης (Greek),Dospat/Dospat dere -Доспат/Доспат дере (Bulgarian),Rata -Рата (alternative Bulgarian),Sura (Thracian) |
| Doubs | | Doubes -Δουβης (Ancient Greek),Doubs (Alemannisch, French),Dub (German),Dubis (Latin),[20]Dubs (Franco-Provençal) |
| Douro |  | Douro (Galician, Mirandese, Portuguese, French),Duero (Aragonese, Asturian, Spanish, German, Italian),Durius (Latin)[21] |
| Drac | | Drac (French, Occitan),Dracum andDravus (Neo-Latin, 11th-13th century),Drau (Occitan, 16th-18th century) |
| Drammenselva | | Drammen River (English variant),Drammenselva (Norwegian),Drammenselven (Danish |
| Drava or Drave |  | Drau (German),Draus (Latin),[22]Drava (Bosnian, Croatian, Italian, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene),Dráva (Czech, Hungarian),Drave (German; rarely),Dravus (Latin),[23]Drawa (Polish) |
| Drin |  | Drilon (Latin),[24]Drim -Дрим (Macedonian, Serbian),Drin (French, German, Italian, Turkish),Drini (Albanian) |
| Drina | | Dreinos -Δρεινος (Ancient Greek),Drina (Bosnian, Albanian, Hungarian, Italian, etc.),Drina -Дрина (Serbian, Macedonian),Drinos -Δρινος (Greek),Drinus (Latin), |
| Drôme | | Droma (Occitan, Breton, Catalan, Early Modern Spanish),Drôme (French) |
| Drut | | Drout (French),Druc (Czech),Drut’ -Друть (Russian, Ukrainian),Druts orDruć -Друць (Belarusian) |
| Drwęca | | Drewenz (German),Druvinčia (Lithuanian),Drvenca (Latvian),Drventsa -Дрвенца (Ukrainian),Drwęca (Polish) |
| Dunajec | | Dohnst (German; archaic),Dunajec (Polish, Slovak),Dunajez orDunajetz (German) |
| Durance | | Drouentia -Δrουεντια (Ancient Greek),[25]Druentia (Latin),[26]Druenza (Italian, former),Durance (French, Piedmontese),Duranza (Spanish variant),Durença (Occitan) |
| Dvina, Northern | | (Northern)Dvina (French, Norwegian, etc.), (Northern)Dwina (German, Polish),Paŭnočnaia Dzvina -Паўночная Дзвіна (Belarusian),Pivnichna Dvina -Північна Двіна (Ukrainian),Severnaya Dvina -Северная Двина (Russian),Vienanjoki (Finnish),Výnva -Вынва (Komi) |
| Dyle | | Dijle (Dutch, German, Luxembourgish),Dyle (French),Tîle (Walloon) |
| Dyoma | | Dim -Дим (Bashkir, Tatar),Dioma (French, Italian),Djoma (German),Dyoma -Дёма (Russian),Kugiz̦el -Күгиҙел (Baskir alternative) |
| Dysna |  | Disna -Дисна (Russian),Dysna (Lithuanian),Dzisna -Дзісна (Belarusian) |
| English name | Countries | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|---|
| Ebro | | Eabró (Irish),Ebre (Catalan),Èbre (French),Ebro (Spanish, Basque, Finnish, Galician, German, Hungarian, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Swedish),Ebru (Romanian),Evros -Έβρος (modern Greek),Hiber -Ἴβηρ (Ancient Greek),Hiberus,Iberus orOleum Flumen (Latin) |
| Eder | | Adarna,Aderna orAdrina (Neo-Latin),Adrana (Latin),Edder (Hessian),Eder (German) |
| Eider | | Aider (Low Saxon),Egdor orEgdore (Latin),Egða (Icelandic),Eider (German, Dutch, Northern Frisian),Ejderen (Danish) |
| Eisack | | Eisack (German),Eisock (Tyrolean/Bavarian),Isarcho (Ladin),Isarchos -Ισαρχος (Ancient Greek),Isarci (Rhaetian),Isarco (Italian),Isarcus,Hisarcus orIsarus (Latin) |
| Elbe | | Albis (Latin),Ælf (Old English),an Eilbe (Irish),Elba (Catalan, Croatian, Hungarian, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish),El'ba -Эльба (Russian),Elbas -Έλβας (Greek),Elbe (German, Dutch, Finnish, Swedish, Turkish),Elben (Danish, Norwegian),Elv (Low German),Elve (Low Saxon),Ialew (Northern Frisian),Laba (Croatian, Serbian, Slovene),Łaba (Polish, Silesian),Labe (Czech, Slovak),Łobjo (Lower Sorbian, Upper Sorbian) |
| Elde | | Elde (German),Łada (historic Polish),Reecke (German; middle region) |
| Emajõgi |  | Emajegi (Latvian),Emajegis (Lithuanian),Emajõgi (English, Estonian, Swedish),Emajõgi -Эмайыги (Russian),Emajoki (Finnish),Embach (German),Imäjõgi (Võro),Mētra (Latvian),Omovzha -Омовжа (Russian),Suur Emajõgi (Estonian) |
| Ems | | Amisia orAmisus (Latin),Amisos -Αμισος (Greek and Ancient Greek),Eems (Dutch, Low German, Low Saxon),Ems (German),Emže (Czech),Iems (Western Frisian),Oamse (Saterland Frisian) |
| Emscher | | Amsara (Latin),Emscher (German),Iämscher (Low German) |
| Enguri | | Egry -Егры (Abkhaz),Enguri -ენგური (Georgian),Ēnguri -Էնգուրի (Armenian),Ingirc̣q̇ari -ინგირწყარი orIngiri -ინგირი (Mingrelian),Ingouri (French),Inguri -Ингури (Russian),İnquri (Azerbaijani) |
| Enns | | Anisus (Greek and Latin),Aniža (Slovene),Enns (Austro-Bavarian, German, Hungarian),Enža (Slovak),Enže (Czech) |
| Erne | | Éirne (Irish, Manx),Erne (English, Welsh) |
| Esla | | Aisela orAstura (Latin),Esla (Asturian, Galician, Spanish) |
| Eure | | Autura orEbura (Latin),Eure (French) |
| Eurotas | | Basilipotamόs -Βασιλιποταμός (medieval name),Bomycas (earlier ancient Greek),Eurota (Italian),Eurotas (French, Latin, Spanish),Eurṓtas -Εὐρώτας (Greek),Evrotas (alternative English, German),Ewrotas (Polish),Himeras (earlier ancient Greek),Iri orIris - Ίρις (medieval name for lower course), |
| Exe | | Esk (Cornish),Isca (Latin),Wysg (Welsh) |
| English name | Countries | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|---|
| Fella [de;it] | | Bela (Slovene),Bělá (Czech),Fela (Venetian),Fele (Friulian),Fella (German, Hungarian, Italian) |
| Fiora | | Armenta,Armine orArmino (Latin, old Italian until 13th century),Fiora (Italian) |
| Foglia | | Foglia (Italian),Isaurus orPisaurus (Latin) |
| Forth | | Abhainn Dubh,Abhainn Foirthe (Scottish Gaelic),Bodotria (Latin; Firth of Forth),Afon Gweryd (Welsh),Uisge For (lower part; Irish, Scottish Gaelic) |
| Foyle | | Feabhal (Irish),Foyle (English) |
| Fulda | | Fulda (German),Fuldaha (Latin),Gersfelder Wasser (German; upper regions) |
| Fyris River | | Sala River (Swedish) |
| English name | Countries | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|---|
| Gail | | Cellia (medieval Latin (800 AD))Gail (German, French, Italian),Geile (alternative German),Gila (medieval Latin (1090 AD)),Lica(s) orLicus (ancient Latin),Zeglia (former Italian),Zeie (Friulian),Zilja (Slovene) |
| Gardon | | Gard orGardon (French, Occitan),Vardo (Latin) |
| Garigliano | | Gari-Lirano (historic Italian),Garigliano (Italian),Gariglianu (Sicilian),Liris,Caris lirianus andClanis (Latin) |
| Garonne | | Garona (Aranese, Basque, Occitan, Breton, Catalan, Croatian, Portuguese, Russian, Serbian, Spanish),Garonna (Italian, Polish),Garonne (French, Dutch, Finnish, German),Garounas -Γαρούνας (Greek),Garumna orGarunna (Latin) |
| Gauja | | Gauja (Latvian, Finnish, French, Lithuanian),Gauya -Гауя (Russian),Koiva (Estonian, Võro),Livländische Aa (German) |
| Gave de Pau | | Gave de Pau (French, Occitan),Paueko uhaitza (Basque) |
| Genil | | Genil (Spanish),Guad al-Xenil (later Arabic),Singilis (Latin),Sinyil /Sannil (early Arabic) |
| Gers | | Ægirtius,Egircius,Gircius (Latin, 6th century),Gers (French, Occitan),Gersio (Latin; 817),Iercius (Latin, 13th century) |
| Geul | | Geul (Dutch, Limburgish),Göhl (German),Gueule (French) |
| Gironde | | Gironda (Catalan, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish),Gironde (French, Finnish),Zhironda -Жиронда (Russian),Zhyronda -Жыронда,Жиронда (Belarusian, Ukrainian),Žironda (Serbian),Żyronda (Polish) |
| Glâne | | Glâne (French),Glane (German) |
| Glomma | | Glåma (Norwegian local),Glaumr (Old Norse),Glomma (Norwegian, Swedish) |
| Göta älv | | Gautelfr (Old Norse),Gautelfur (Icelandic),Gøtelv (Norwegian variant),Göta älv (Swedish, Norwegian) |
| Guadalete | | Kriso -Κρισω and subsequentlyLethe -Λήθη (Ancient Greek),Guadalete (Spanish),Guadaletho (Andalusian),Wādi Lakkahوادي لكة (Arabic) |
| Guadalquivir | | Baetis (Latin),Guadalquivir (Spanish, Catalan, Extremaduran, Finnish, Italian),Gwadalkiwir (Polish),Wādi l-Kabīrالوادي الكبير (Arabic) |
| Guadiana | | Flumen Anas (Latin),Guadiana (Catalan, French, Hungarian, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish),Gwadiana (Polish),Oudiana orOdiana (Medieval Spanish),Wadi Ana (Arabic) |
| Gudenå |  | River Guden (alternative English),Gudenå orGudenåen (Danish) |
| Gurk | | Gurk (German, French, Hungarian, Italian, Serbo-Croatian),Krka (Slovenian) |
| Gwda | | Gwda (Polish, Czech),Küdde (German, Swedish) |
| English name | Countries | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|---|
| Haine | | Haine (French),Hene (Dutch),Henne (German) |
| Haliacmon | | Aliacmone (Italian),Aliakmon (French),Aliakmonas (German),Aliákmonas -Αλιάκμονας (modern Greek),Astraeus (possible Latin for upper river),Bistrica -Бистрица (Bulgarian, Macedonian),Haliacmon (Latin),Haliacmón (Spanish),Haliákmōn -Ἁλιάκμων (ancient Greek),Ince-Karasu orInje-Kara (Ottoman Turkish),Vistritsa,Vistritza orVistriza (former English, German) |
| Hase | | Chasu (Latin),Haase (former German spelling),Hase (German, Low Saxon) |
| Havel | | Habala /Habola /Havila (Latin),Habola (Sorbian),Hafelis (Lithuanian),Havel (German, French, Italian, Spanish),Havola (Czech),Hawela (Polish) |
| Hérault | | Arauris orAraura (Latin),Erau orEraur (Occitan, Catalan),Erauus (Neo-Latin),Ero -Эро (Cyrillic transliteration),Hérault (French) |
| Hornád | | Gornad -Горнад (Russian, Ukrainian),Hernach (German),Hernád (Hungarian),Hornad (Polish),Hornád (Slovak, Czech, Romanian),Kundert (rare German variant) |
| Horyn | | Goryn’ -Горынь (Russian),Haryn’ -Гарынь (Belarusian),Horin (Yiddish),Horyn’ -Горинь (Ukrainian),Horyń (Polish),Horyň (Czech) |
| Hron | | Garam (Hungarian),Gran (German),Gron -Грон (Belarusian, Russian, Ukrainian),Hron (Slovak, Czech) |
| English name | Countries | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|---|
| Ialomița | | Helibacia (Latin),Ialomița (Romanian),Jalomica orIlonca (Hungarian),Jałomica (Polish),Naparis (Latin) |
| Ibar | | Ibar -Ибар (Serbian),Angrus (Latin),Ibar (Croatian),Ibër orIbri (Albanian),İbre (Turkish) |
| Idrijca | | Fetschenbach (German),Idria (Italian),Idrijca (Slovenian, Croatian) |
| Iijoki |  | Iijoki (Finnish),Ijo älv (Swedish) |
| IJssel | | Iessel (Low Saxon),IJssel (Dutch),Isala (Latin),Isel (West Frisian),Issel orIjssel (German),Yssel (French) |
| Ik | | Ik -Ик (Russian),Iq -Ык (Tatar),Yq -Ыҡ (Bashkir) |
| Ilek |  | Elek/Елік - Елек/Елік (Kazakh),Ilek -Илек (Russian) |
| Ill | | Helella (Latin),Ill (Alemannic, French, German) |
| Iller | | Hilara,Hilaria, andIlargus (Latin),Iller (German) |
| Indalsälven | | Indalinjoki (Finnish),Indalsälven,Jämtlandsälven,Litsälven, andStorsjöälven (alternative Swedish names) |
| Indre | | Andra,Anger,Endria orInger (Latin),Endre (Occitan),Indre (French) |
| Inhul | | Ingul -Ингул (Russian),Inhul -Інгул (Ukrainian),Panticapes -Παντικάπης (Ancient Greek)? |
| Inhulets | | Ingulec (Polish),Ingulets -Ингуле́ц (Russian),Inhulets’ -Інгулець (Ukrainian),Inhulez (German),Hypakyris (Ancient Greek)? |
| Inn | | Aenus (Latin),Ainos -Αινος (Ancient Greek),En (Romansh),Eno (Italian),Enus orOenus (Medieval Latin),Inn (Austro-Bavarian, German) |
| Iori | | Ioræ -Иорæ (Ossetic),Iori -იორი (Georgian),Iori -Иори (Russian),Kamyech -Կամբեճ(Armenian),Qabırlı (Azerbaijani),Qarbi -Къарби (Tsakhur) |
| Ipel/Ipoly | | Eipel (German),Ipeľ (Slovak, Czech),Ipola (Polish),Ipoly (Hungarian),Jupol (archaic Slovak) |
| Isar | | Isar (German),Isara (Latin),Izar -Изар (Russian),Izara (Polish) |
| Isère | | Isara (Latin),Isèra (Occitan, Catalan),Isère (French),Izera (Polish) |
| Iskar | | Iskar -Искър (Bulgarian),Iskăr (Romanian),İskar (Turkish),Oescus/Escus (Latin),Oiskos -Οἶσκος orSkios -Σκίος(Ancient Greek) |
| Isle | | Eila (Occitan),Ella (Latin),Isle (French) |
| Isonzo | | Aesontius /Sontius (Latin),Aipsōntios -Αιψωντιος (Ancient Greek),Isonz (Lombard),Isonzo (Italian, French, German, Spanish),Isonzó (Hungarian),Lisonz (Venetian),Lusinç orLisunç (Friulian),Soča (Slovene, Croatian, Czech),Sontig (historic German) |
| Izhma | | Ijma (French),Ischma(German),Izhma -И́жма (Russian),Ižma (alternative transliteration),Iźva -Изьва (Komi, Komi-Permyak) |
| English name | Countries | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|---|
| Jalón | | Jalón (Spanish),Salo (Latin),Xalón orExalón (Aragonese) |
| Jarama | | Jarama (Spanish),Xarama (Latin) |
| Jeker | | Geer (French),Jeker (Dutch, German, Limburgish),Neker orEker (Maastricht dialect of Limburgish) |
| Jiu | | Jiu (Romanian),Rabon (Latin),Schil orSchiel (German),Zsil (Hungarian) |
| Jizera | | Iser (German),Izera (Polish,Jizera (Czech, Slovak, Upper Sorbian) |
| Júcar | | Júcar (Spanish),Sucro (Latin),Xúcar (Aragonese, Galician),Xúquer (Catalan, Valencian) |
| English name | Countries | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|---|
| Kalix | | Gáláseatnu (Northern Sami),Kaalasväylä andKaihnuunväylä (Meänkieli),Kalix älv orKalixälven (Swedish, Norwegian),Kalixjoki (Finnish),Kölisälva (Kalix dialect) |
| Kama | | Cama orKama (Latin),Čolman -Чолман (Mari),Çulman -Чулман (Chuvash, Tatar),Kam -Кам (Udmurt),Kama -Кама (Komi, Russian),Şolman -Шолман (Kazakh) |
| Kamchiya | | Kamchiya orKamčija -Камчия (Bulgarian),Kamcia orCamcia (Romanian),Panisos -Πανισος (Ancient Greek),Ticha (Old Slavic) |
| Kem | | Kem -Кемь (Russian),Kemijogi (Karelian),Kemijoki (Finnish) |
| Kemijoki | | Giemajohka (Northern Sami),Kemi älv (Swedish),Kemijoki (Finnish) |
| Khopyor | | Chopër (Italian),Chopjor (German),Jopior (Spanish),Khoper /Khopior (French),Khopra -Хопра (Mocksha),Khopyor /Khoper -Хопёр (Russian) |
| Klarälven | | Clarus (Latin),Klara/Klaraelva (former Norwegian),Klarälven (Swedish),Trysilelva (Norwegian) |
| Klyazma | | Clesma (Latin),Klaźma (Polish),Kliazma (French, Spanish),Kljasma (German),Kljazma (Czech, Dutch, Finnish, Italian),Klyaz'ma -Клязьма (Russian),Kľazma (Slovak),Malye Podbortsy -Малые Подборцы (Bashkir) |
| Kodori | | Kodor -Кодор (Russian),Kodori -კოდორი (Georgian),Kwydry -Кәыдры (Abkhaz) |
| Kokemäenjoki | | Kokemäenjoki (Finnish),Kumo älv (Swedish) |
| Körös | | Criş (Romanian),Crisius (orGrisia,Gerasus) (Latin),Keresz (Polish),Körös (Hungarian),Kreisch (German),Kriš (Bosnian, Croatian, Czech, Serbian, Slovak), |
| Kostroma | | Kastrama -Кастрама (Belarusian),Kostrom (Veps),Kostroma -Кострома́ (Russian), |
| Kovda | | Koundaälven (Swedish),Koutajoki (Finnish, Karelian),Kovda -Ковда (Russian) |
| Krka | | Corcoras (Latin),Korka - Κόρκα (modern Greek),Korkoras - Κορκόρας (ancient Greek),Krainer Gurk (German),Krka (Bosnian, Croatian, Czech, French, Serbian, Slovene) |
| Krka | | Cherca (Italian),Corcoras orTitius (Latin),Katarbates -Καταρβάτης (ancient Greek; perhaps),Kerka (Hungarian),Krka (Bosnian, Croatian, Czech, Serbian, Slovene),Korkoras -Κορκορας (Ancient Greek), |
| Kuban | | Hypanis (Latin),Hypanis -Ύπανις (ancient Greek),Kouban orKoubane (French),Kuban -Куба́нь (Russian),Psyzh" -Псыжъ (Circassian),Qoban -Кобан (Karachay–Balkar, Nogai),Q̇vbina -Къвбина (Abaza), |
| Kupa | | Colapis orCalapius (Latin),Kolpa (Slovene),Kulpa (German, Hungarian),Kupa (Croatian, Bosnian),Kupa -Купа (Serbian) |
| Kura | | Cyrus,Cyrrhus orCorius (ancient Latin),Gur -Կուր (Armenian),Khuar -Къуар (Ossetic),Koera (Dutch),Kor -Кор (Avar),Koura (French),Kür (Azerbaijani),Kura (Turkish, Italian, Spanish),Kura -Кура (Russian),Kyros -Κῦρος (ancient Greek),Mt'k'vari -მტკვარი (Georgian, Mingrelian),Mtkvari (alternative name in Western European languages)) |
| Kymi | | Kymi orKymijoki (Finnish),Kymmene (Swedish) |
| English name | Countries | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|---|
| Laba | | Laba -Лаба (Russian),Labæ -Лабæ (Ossetian),Labez̄ -Лабэжъ (Adyghe,Kabardian) |
| Laborec | | Laborc (Hungarian),Laborec (Slovak),Laborets -Лаборець (Ukrainian),Labortz orLaborz (German; less common variants) |
| Laga | | Lafuan (17th-century Neo-Latin),[27]Lagan (Swedish) |
| Lahn | | Lahn (German),Laugana orLoganus (Latin) |
| Lambro | | Lamber orLambar (Lombard),Lambro (Italian),Lambrus orLabarus (Latin)[2] |
| Latorica | | Latorca (Hungarian),Latorica (Slovak),Latoritsa -Латорица (Russian),Latorytsia -Латориця (Ukrainian) |
| Lech | | Lech (German, Bavarian),Lica,Licca, orLicus (Latin; between 500 and 1100),[2]Likios orLikias -Λικιας (Greek; 2nd century)[28] |
| Lee | | An Laoi (Irish) |
| Leine | | Laginga,Lainegha andLagina (Old Saxon or Neo-Latin; 10th-11th century),[29]Leine (German) |
| Leitha | | Lajta (Hungarian),Leita (Italian, Spanish),Leitha (German, French, Slovenian),Lîtaha (Old High German),[30]Litava (Croatian, Czech, Slovak),Litawa (Polish),Sárviz orSár (former Hungarian) |
| Lek | | Lek (Dutch),Lokkia,Lokkiam andLoccham (Old Dutch and/or Neo-Latin; 8th-10th century)[31] |
| Lielupe | | Kurländische Aa (German),Lėilopė (Samogitian),Lelupa (Polish),Lielupe (Latvian, French, Russian, Swedish),Lielupė (Lithuanian) |
| Liffey | | Anna Liffey (anglicisation of Irish Abhainn na Life),Libnius orModanus (Latin),[32]Life (Irish, Breton, Scottish Gaelic, Welsh),Ruirthech (Irish; pre-19th century)[33] |
| Lim | | Limnos (Greek),Limus (Latin),Lim (Montenegrin, Serbian) |
| Limmat | | Limet (Alemannic),Limig (German; archaic),Limmat (German, Romansh),Limmig (Aargau dialect),Lindimacus andLindimagus (Latin; 8th-9th century),Lindmagt/Lindmat (German; 15th-16th century),[34]Linth (German; upper course) |
| Lippe | | Lippe (German),Lupia,Lippa,Libia (Latin)[2] |
| Livenza | | Lighintha (local Friulian),[35]Liquentia,Liguencia orLiquetia (Latin),[2]Livence (Friulian),Łivensa (Venetian),Livenza (Italian) |
| Ljubljanica | | Laibach (German),Ljubljanica (Slovene, Croatian),Ľubľanica (Slovak),Lublaňka orLublanice (Czech),Lunghezza orLubianizza (Italian),Nauportus -Ναύπορτος (Latin/Ancient Greek; 1st-century) |
| Ljungan | | Jångna orAoa (Jamtlandic),[36]Ljungan (Swedish),Ognar (Old Swedish; 15th century)[37] |
| Ljusnan | | Ljusnan (Swedish),Lusn (Old Swedish; 14th century)[37] |
| Loir | | Ledus (Latin; 616 AD),[38]Lez (Breton),Lidericus orLœdus (Neo-Latin),Loir (French) |
| Loire | | Léger,Leir orLeire (Occitan),Leira (Icelandic),Lêre (Arpitan),Liger (Breton, German (archaic)),Liger (Latin),Ligiras -Λίγηρας (Greek),Ligore (Old English),Loara (Bosnian, Polish, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene),Loira (Basque, Catalan, Czech, Italian, Slovak, Spanish),Lòira (Piedmontese),Loire (French, Danish, Dutch, Hungarian, Spanish),Luara (Lithuanian),Luara -Луара (Russian, Ukrainian) |
| Lot | | Lot (French),Olt (former French),Òlt (Occitan, Catalan),Oltis (Latin; Roman time),[39]Out (Occitan; variant and 13th century),Ulda andUlta (Latin; 6th-7th century)[39] |
| Lovat | | Lovać -Ловаць (Belarusian),Lovat' -Ловать (Russian),Lovot -Ловоть (Old East Slavic)[40] |
| Luga | | Lauga jõgi (Estonian),Laugaz orLaukaa (Votic),Laukaa orLaukaanjoki (Finnish),Loukka (Ingrian),Luga -Луга (Russian) |
| Lule | | Julevädno orLulejuädno (Lule Sami),[41][40]Lule älv orLuleälven (Swedish, Norwegian),Luulajanjoki (Finnish) |
| Luza | | Luz -Луз (Komi),Luza -Луза (Russian) |
| Lužnice | | Lainsitz (German),Luschnitz (German, pre-1918 for Bohemian part),Lužnice (Czech) |
| Łyna | | Alle (German, French),Alna (Lithuanian, Old Prussian (13th century)),Lava -Лава (Russian),Lina (Latvian),Łyna (Polish) |
| Lys | | Legia (Latin; 7th-century),[42]Leie (Dutch, West Flemish, German),Lys (French) |
| English name | Countries | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|---|
| Main | | Main (German, Bavarian, Dutch, French),Maina (Latvian),[43]Mainas (Lithuanian),[43]Majna (Hungarian, Serbian),Mayn -Майн (Russian, Ukrainian),Mein (alternative spelling in French),Men (Polish, Piedmontese),Mèn (Lombard),Meno (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish),Moa (Bavarian variant),Moenis[44] orMoenus (Latin, 1st century),Mohan (Czech, Slovak,Sorbian) |
| Malka | | Bałqyps -Балъкъыпс (Kabardian),Balyksu -Балыксу (Russian, from Karachay-Balkar),Balyq -Балыкъ (Karachay-Balkar),Malka -მალკა (Georgian),Malka -Малка (Russian),Malq -(Ossetian) |
| Maritsa | | Ebros (Thracian),[45]Euros -Εύρος (Ancient Greek, used byAlcman c. 600 BC),[45]Hebros orEvros -Έβρος (Ancient and Modern Greek),Hebrus (Latin),Marica orEvros (Italian),Marica (Croatian, Czech, Hungarian, Polish),Marița (Romanian),Maritsa -Марица (Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian),Mariza (German),Meriç (Turkish) |
| Marne | | Marna (Czech, Italian, Occitan, Polish, Romanian),Marne (Dutch, French, German, Spanish),Matrona (Latin) |
| Medveditsa (Don) | | Medveditsa -Медведица (Russian),Medwediza (German),Miadzviedzitsa -Мядзведзіца (Belarusian),Miedwiedica (Polish),Vedmeditsa -Ведмедиця (Ukrainian) |
| Mersey | | Mærse (Old English; 1002 AD),[46]Mersey (Irish),Merswy orMersi (Welsh),Seteia (Latin; estuary) |
| Mezha | | Meja (French),Mescha (German),Meža (Estonian, Lithuanian),Mezha -Межа (Russian),Mieża (Polish) |
| Meuse | | Helinius orHelinium (Latin; delta),[47]Maas (Dutch, Danish, Frisian, German, Hungarian, Low Saxon, Swedish),Maas -Маас (Russian),Maes (Zeelandic),Maos (Limburgish),Mása (Slovak),Máza (Czech),Mesa -Меза (Macedonian),Meuse (French, Picard, Romanian),Moas (West Flemish),Mosa (Latin, Italian, Occitan, Portuguese, Spanish),Mouze (Walloon),Moza (Polish) |
| Mezen | | Mesen (German),Mezen (French),Mezen' -Мезень (Russian),Mozyn -Мозын (Komi) |
| Midouze | | Midosa (Catalan, Occitan),Midouze (Basque, French) |
| Mincio | | Mens (Lombard),Menzo (Venetian),Minchios -Μίγχιος (Ancient Greek),Mincio (Italian),Mincius (Latin) |
| Minho | | Minho (Portuguese, French, Mirandese),Minius (Latin),[48]Miño (Galician, Spanish, Catalan, German, Italian) |
| Moksha | | Ĭov -Йов (locally inMoksha),Măkshǎ -Мӑкшӑ (Chuvash),Moksha -Мокша (Moksha, Russian),Moksho -Мокшо (Mari),Mükşı -Мукшы (Tatar) |
| Moldova | | Moldau (German),Moldavia (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish),Mołdawa (Polish),Moldova (Romanian, French),Mulduha andMulduva (16th-century Romanian)[49] |
| Molochna | | Gerros -Γέρρος (Ancient Greek),[50]Gerrus (Latin),Molochna -Молочна (Ukrainian),Molochnaya -Молочная (Russian),Molotchna (French),Molotschna (German),Tokmachka -Токмачка (Ukrainian; upper part) |
| Mondego | | Mondego (Portuguese, Asturian, Galician, Spanish),Mundas (Latin),[48]Mundego (Mirandese) |
| Morača | | Morača -Морача (Montenegrin, Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian),Moraça (Albanian),Oriundus? (Latin)[51] |
| Morava (Moravia) | | Maraha (Latin, 9th-11th century),[52][53]March (German),Marus (Latin),Morava (Czech, Slovak, French, Italian, Latin, Romanian, Slovene),Morawa (Polish),Morva (Hungarian) |
| (Great) Morava (Serbia) | | Brongos -Βρόγγος (Ancient Greek),[54]Margus (Latin),[54](Velika) Morava -(Велика) Морава (Serbian, Bulgarian),(Golema) Morava -(Голема) Морава (Macedonian),Morava (Albanian, Bosnian, Croatian, Hungarian, Romanian, Slovene),Morawa (Polish) |
| South Morava | | Brongos -Βρόγγος (Ancient Greek),[55]Balgarska Morava -Българска Морава (former Bulgarian),Bulgarian Morava (former English),Južna Morava -Јужна Морава (Macedonian, Serbian) |
| West Morava | | Angros -Ανγρος (Ancient Greek),[55]Zapadna Morava -Западна Морава (Serbian, Bosnian) |
| Moselle | | Moezel (Dutch),Mosel (Alsatian, German, Hungarian,Ripuarian, Romanian, Swedish),Mosela (Czech, Portuguese, Spanish),Mosella (Italian, Latin),Mosel·la (Catalan),Moselle (French),Mosl (Bavarian),Mozel’ -Мозель (Russian),Mozela (Polish),Musalla (Latin),[56]Musel (Luxembourgish) |
| Moskva | | Mäskäü -Мәскәү (Tatar),Maskva -Масква (Belarusian),Moscou (Portuguese),Moscova (Spanish),Moscus orMoscua (Neo-Latin),Moskau (German alternate),Mosko -Моско (Mari),Moskova (French, Turkish),Moskuba -Москуба (Yakut),Moskva -Москва (Russian, Ukrainian),Moskva (Dutch, Finnish),Moskwa (German, Polish),Muskav -Мускав (Chuvash) |
| Msta | | Msta -Мста (Russian),Mstanjogi (Veps),Mustajoki (historically Finnish & Estonian) |
| Mulde | | Milda (Latin, 10th century),[57][58]Módła (Lower Sorbian),Modłej (Upper Sorbian),Mulda (Czech, Polish) |
| Mur | | Muora (Latin, 10th century),[57]Mur (German, Dutch, French, Romanian),Mura (Bosnian, Croatian, Czech, Hungarian, Italian, Serbian, Slovene),Müra orMöra (Prekmurje Slovene)[59] |
| Mureş | | Marisos -Μαρισος (Ancient Greek),[60]Marisus (Latin),Maros (Hungarian),Marosh -Марош (Russian),Maroš orMaruše (Czech),Marusza (Polish),Mieresch orMarosch (German),Moriš (Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian),Mureş (Romanian),Mureš (Slovak) |
| English name | Countries | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|---|
| Naab | | Naab (German, French, Polish),Nába (Czech) |
| Namsen | | Nååmesje (Southern Sami),Namsen (Norwegian, Swedish) |
| Narew | | Narau -Нараў (Belarusian),Nare (former German),Narev (Czech),Narevas (Lithuanian),Narew (German, Polish) |
| Narva | | Narv (Veps),Narva (Estonian, Latvian),Narva -Нарва (Russian, Belarusian),Narvajoki (Finnish),Narwa (Polish) |
| Neckar | | Neccarus (Latin variant),Neckar (German),Nicer (Latin) |
| (Lusatian) Neisse | | Lausitzer Neiße (German),Lužická Nisa (Czech),Łužiska Nysa (Sorbian),Neisse (Dutch, French, Italian, Spanish),Nissa Lusatianus (Latin),Nysa Łużycka (Polish) |
| Eastern Neisse | | Glatzer Neiße (German),Kladská Nisa (Czech),Nysa Kłodzka (Polish) |
| Raging Neisse | | Nysa Szalona (Polish),Šílená Nisa (Czech),Wütende Neiße orJauersche Neiße (German) |
| Neman | | Memel (German, Dutch),Mīmeli (Old Prussian),Neman -Неман (Russian),Němen (Czech),Nemons (Samogitian),Nemuna (Latvian),Nemunas (Lithuanian, Estonian, Norwegian),Niemen (Finnish, Polish, Spanish),Niémen (French),Njemen (Swedish),Nyoman -Нёман (Belarusian) |
| Nemunėlis | | Memele -Мемеле (Russian),Mēmele (Latvian, Estonian),Nemunėlis (Lithuanian),Nemonielis (Samogitian),Niemenek (Polish) |
| Neretva | | Narenta (Italian),Naro (Latin),Narōn -Νάρων (ancient Greek),Neretva (Bosnian, Croatian, Czech, Slovene),Neretva -Неретва (Serbian),Neretwa (Polish) |
| Neris | | Nere (Latvian),Neris (Lithuanian, Estonian, German),Néris (French),Viliya -Ві́лія (Belarusian),Viliya -Ви́лия (Russian),Wilia (Polish) |
| Nestos | | Mesta -Места (Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian),Mesta (French, Italian),Mesta Karasu (Ottoman Turkish),Nessus orNestus (Latin),Nestos-Νέστος (Greek) |
| Neva | | Neeva (Estonian),Neva (Croatian, Dutch, Finnish, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Swedish, Veps),Neva -Нева (Russian),Něva (Czech),Néva (Hungarian),Nevan (Swedish variant),Newa (German, Polish),Nieva (Latin variant),Njewa (Upper Sorbian),Nyava -Нява (Belarusian) |
| Nitra | | Neutra (German),Nitra (Czech, Slovak),Nyitra (Hungarian) |
| Nore | | Eoyrus (Latin),An Fheoir (Irish) |
| Noteć | | Natissis (Latin),Netze (German),Notec orNiéc (Kashubian),Noteć (Polish, Czech) |
| English name | Countries | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|---|
| Oder | | Biadros -Βιαδρος (Ancient Greek),Oder (German, Danish, Dutch, French, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish),Òder (Catalan),Odera (Hungarian),Odera orOddera (medieval Latin),Odra (Lower Sorbian, Polish, Bosnian, Croatian, Czech, Estonian, Lithuanian, Romanian, Slovak, Slovene),Òdra (Kashubian),Onter -Όντερ (modern Greek),Suebus (Latin),Syebos-Συήβος (ancient Greek),Uder (Silesian German),Uodra (Silesian),Viadrus (Renaissance Latin),Vjodr (Old Church Slavonic),Wódra (Upper Sorbian) |
| Odet | | Oded (Breton, Manx, Welsh),Odera (Latin),Odet (French) |
| Oglio | | Oglio (Italian),Òi (Lombard),Ollius (Latin) |
| Ohře/Eger | | Agara /Agira (9th-century),[61]Eger (German),Ohře,Ohara, andOharka (Czech),Ohrza (Polish) |
| Oise | | Esia (Neo-Latin),Isara (Latin),Oése (Picard),Oise (French) |
| Oka | | Aka -Ака (Belarusian),Hura -Хура (Chuvash),Joka -Йока (Erzya),Occa orAucensis (Latin),Oka -Ока (Russian, Mari, Mocksha) |
| Oker | | Ovacra (Neo-Latin (AD 747)),Ocker (Early New High German) |
| Olt | | Alt (German),Aluta (Latin, Polish),Alytos -Αλυτος (Greek),Olt (Hungarian, Romanian),Olt -Олт (Bulgarian),Oltu (Turkish) |
| Olza | | Olsa (German),Olša (Slovak),Olše (Czech),Olza (Polish) |
| Onega | | Äänisjoki (Finnish),Änine orÄnižjogi (Veps),Onega -Оне́га (Russian) |
| Orava | | Arva (Latin),Árva (Hungarian),Arwa (German),Orava (Czech, Slovak),Orawa (Polish) |
| Osam | | Assamus/Asamus (Latin),Osam -Осъм (Bulgarian),Ossam (German),Oszam (Hungarian), |
| Oskol | | Askol -Аскол (Belarusian),Oskil -Оскіл (Ukrainian),Oskol -Оскол (Russian) |
| Osobloga | | Hotzenplotz (German, for Prussian/Polish part),Osoblaha (Czech),Osobłoga (Polish),Ossa (German, for Austrian/Czechoslovak part) |
| Oulujoki | | Oulujoki (Finnish),Ule älv (Norwegian, Swedish) |
| Ounasjoki | | Ounasjoki (Finnish),Ovnnesjohka (Northern Sami) |
| Ourthe | | Ourthe (French, Luxembourgish),Oûte (Walloon),Urt (German),Urta (Latin, 870 AD)[62] |
| Ouse-Ure | | Ear (English; 1025 AD, upper river),[63]*Isura (Britonic, Latin),Jor,Yore (English; 12th-century, upper river),Ouse (lower river),Ure (upper river),Usa (Old English; 780 AD, lower river) |
| Oust | | Austa,Hulda,Ousta orUltum (Latin),Oud (Breton),Oust (French),Out (Gallo) |
| English name | Countries | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|---|
| Paatsjoki | | Báhčaveaijohka (Northern Sami),Paaččjokk (Skolt Sami),Paatsjoki (Finnish),Pasvik älv (Swedish),Pasvikelva (Norwegian),Paz -Паз orPatsojoki -Патсойоки (Russian) |
| Pechora | | Pechora -Печо́ра (Russian),Pechora -Печӧра (Komi),Petchora (French),Petschora (German),Sanjero Jaha -Санэроˮ яха (Nenets) |
| Peene | | Peene (German),Pěna (Czech),Piana (Polish) |
| Piave | | Piav (Lombard),Piava (Slovenian),Piave (Italian, Croatian, French, Hungarian, Venetian),Piawa (Polish),Plavá (Czech),Plavis (Latin),Ploden (German) |
| Pineios | | Pénée (French),Peneiós -Πηνειός (ancient Greek),Penej -Пеней, (Bulgarian, Croatian),Peneo (Spanish),Peneu (Catalan),Peneus (Latin),Pinios (Dutch, alternative English, German),Piniós -Πηνειός (modern Greek),Salabrias orSalambrias (medieval Latin) |
| Pisuerga | | Pisorga orPisorica (Latin),Pisuerga (Spanish, Aragonese, Basque, Catalan, Galician, Portuguese) |
| Pite | | Bidumiedno orBisumiedno (Pite Sami),Bihtámädno (Lule Sami),Piitimenjoki (Finnish),Pite älv orPiteälven (Swedish, Norwegian) |
| Piva | | Simacus (Latin, Greek),Piva (Montenegrin, Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian) |
| Po | | Bodincus orBodencus (Ligurian),Eridano (old Italian),Eridanos -Ηριδανος (Ancient Greek),Pad (Polish, Slovene),Pád (Czech), Pàdos -Παδος (modern Greek),Padus orEridanus (Latin),Pfad (German),Phó (Irish),Po (Catalan, Dutch, Italian, Maltese, Romanian, Spanish, Turkish, Venetian),Pò (Lombard, Piedmontese),Pó (Hungarian, Portuguese),Pô (Arpitan) |
| Pregolya | | Pregel (German, Hungarian),Pregoła (Polish),Pregola (Czech, variant in English),Pregolja (Finnish),Pregolya -Преголя (Russian),Prieglius (Lithuanian),Vatrulia (Latin) |
| Prut | | Proet (Dutch),Prout (French),Prut (Czech, Hungarian, Polish, Romanian, Turkish),Prut - פּרוט (Yiddish),Pruth (German, English variant),Pyretòs -Πυρετος (Greek and Ancient Greek),Pyretus (Latin) |
| Prypiat | | Pripeat (Romanian),Pripet (Finnish),Pripete (Latvian, Lithuanian),Pripetius (Latin),Pripiat (French, Spanish),Pripiať (Slovak),Pripjat (Dutch),Pripjať,Prypjať orPripěť (Czech),Pripyat (English variant),Pripyat' -Припять (Russian),Pripjaty (Hungarian),Prõpjats (Estonian),Prypeć (Polish),Prypjat (German),Pryp'yat' -Прип'ять (Ukrainian),Prypyats' -Прыпяць (Belarusian) |
| English name | Countries | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|---|
| Rába | | Arabo orRaba (Latin),Arabos -Αραβος (Ancient Greek),Raab (German),Rába (Hungarian, Czech),Raba (Romanian, Slovene) |
| Rance | | Rance (French),Rancz (Gallo),Renk (Breton, Welsh),Rinctius (Latin) |
| Råne | | Radnejokk (Northern Sami),Råneälven (Swedish, Norwegian),Rávnaädno (Lule Sami, Northern Sami),Raunajoki (Finnish) |
| Rhine |  | Rain (Romansh),Rajna (Bosnian, Croatian, Hungarian, Serbian),Rayn - רײַן (Yiddish),Rein (Estonian, Finnish),an Réin (Irish),Reina (Latvian),Reinas (Lithuanian),Ren (Occitan, Polish, Slovene, Turkish),Reno (Italian, Portuguese),Renu (Corsican, Maltese),Reyn -Рейн (Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian),Reyn -Рэйн (Belarusian),Rhäin (Luxembourgish),Rhein (German, Bavarian, Welsh),Rhen (Swedish),Rhenos -Ρηνος (ancient Greek),Rhenus (Latin),Rhien (Low Saxon),Rhin (French, Basque),Rhinen (Danish, Norwegian),Rhing (Colognian),Rhoi (Palatine German),Rhy (Alemannic German),Rien (Limburgish, Low Saxon),Rijn (Dutch),Rin (Catalan, Romanian, Spanish, Walloon),Roen (Breton),Ryn (Afrikaans, Western Frisian),Rýn (Czech, Slovak) |
| Rhône | | Rhodanòs -Ροδανος (Greek and Ancient Greek),Rhodanus (Latin),Rhôna (Czech, Slovak),Rhône (French, Dutch, Estonian),Rhone (German, Hungarian),Rodan (Romansh, Polish),Rodano (Basque, Italian),Ródano (Portuguese, Spanish),Ròden (Lombard),*Rodonos (Gaulic),Róin (Irish),Roine (Catalan),Ron (Breton, Romanian),Rón (Icelandic),Rona -Рона (Bulgarian, Russian, Serbian),Rona (Croatian, Slovene),Róna (Czech),Rône (Western Frisian),Rôno (Arpitan),Ròno (Piedmontese),Ròse (Occitan),Rotten (Walliser German, former German),Rottu (Alemannisch),Roûno (Franco-Provençal) |
| Rienz | | Byrrha (Latin),Rienz (German),Rienza (Italian) |
| Rioni | | Phasis -Φᾶσις (ancient and modern Greek),Rion (English variant),Rion -Ռիոն (Armenian),Rioni -რიონი (Georgian),Rioni -Риони (Russian) |
| Rubicon | | Rubicão (Portuguese),Rubico orRubicon (Latin),Rubicó (Catalan),Rubicon (Danish, Dutch, French, Hungarian, Norwegian, Romanian, Swedish),Rubicón (Spanish),Rubicone (Italian),Rubikon (Czech, Finnish, German, Polish, Slovene),Rubikon -Рубикон (Bulgarian, Russian) |
| Ruhr | | Ruhr (German, Dutch, French, Low German),Ruhra (Polish),Rúr (Czech),Rura orRurinna (Latin) |
| Rur | | Roer (Dutch, French, Italian, Limburgish),Roër (Italian variant),Roûle (Walloon),Rur (German, Colognian, Romanian, Spanish) |
| English name | Countries | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|---|
| Saale | | Saale (German),Sala (Latin),Sála (Czech, Slovak),Solawa (Sorbian),Soława (Polish) |
| Saane/Sarine | | Charnà (Fribourg patois),Saane (German),Sanona (Latin),Sarina (Italian),Sarine (French) |
| Saar | | Saar (Danish, German, Hungarian, Italian, Romanian),Saar -Саар (Russian),Saara (Polish),Saravus (Latin),Sarre (French, Portuguese, Spanish),an tSáir (Irish) |
| Sado | | Calipus (Latin),Sádão (archaic Portuguese),Sado (Portuguese) |
| Sajó | | Sajo (Romanian),Sajó (Hungarian),Šajo (Croatian),Salz,Salza orSalzbach, (German),Slaná (Slovak, Czech) |
| Sakmara | | Haqmar -Һаҡмар (Bashkir),Sakmar -Сакмар (Tatar),Sakmara -Сакмара (Russian) |
| Salzach | | Isonta (Latin, upper part),Iuvarus /Ivarus (Latin),Salzach (German),Salzaha (Neo-Latin),Soizach (Austro-Bavarian) |
| Samara | | Samar -Самар (Chuvash, Tatar),Samara -Самара (Russian) |
| Sambre | | Sabes -Σαβης (Ancient Greek),Sabis (Latin),Sambe (Walloon),Samber (Dutch),Sambra (Polish),Sambre (French, German, Luxembourgish) |
| Samur | | Kʼulan -Кьулан orChhvegʼan -ЧӀвегьер (Lezgian),Samur -Самур (Russian),Samurçay (Azerbaijani, Turkish),Samyr -Самыр (Rutul) |
| San | | Saan (German),San (Polish, Slovak),Sian -Сян (Ukrainian) |
| Sangro | | Isagros -Ισαγρος orSagros -Σαγρος (Ancient Greek),Sagrus (Latin),Sangro (Latin) |
| Saône | | Arar (pre-Roman),Brigoulus,Sagonna orSouconna (Latin),Saona (Catalan, Czech, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish),Saône (Estonian, Dutch, French, German, Hungarian),Sona (Arpitan),Sòna (Occitan) |
| Sauer | | Sauer (German, Luxembourgish),Seure (Walloon),Sura (Latin),Sûre (French) |
| Sava | | Sabos -Σαβος (Ancient Greek),Sau (German),Sava (Bosnian, Croatian, Italian, Romanian, Slovene, Turkish),Sava -Сава (Serbian, Russian, Ukrainian),Sáva (Czech, Slovak),Save (French, German, variant in English),Savus (Latin),Sawa (Polish),Sawe (German variant),Száva (Hungarian) |
| Schaale | | Chalousos (Ancient Greek) |
| Scheldt | | Escalda (Spanish),Escaut (French, Picard),Escô (Walloon),Scaldis (Latin),Schelda (Italian),Schelde (Dutch, German, Hungarian, Swedish, West Flemish, Zeelandic),Šelda (Czech),Sjelde (Limburgish),Skalda (Polish),Skelde (West Frisian) |
| Segre | | Segre (Catalan, Occitan, Spanish),Sègre (French),Sicoris (Latin),Nahr az-Zaytūnنهر الزيتون (Arabic) |
| Segura | | Segura (Spanish),Tader orThader (Latin),Wadi al-Abyad orWar-Alabiat -وادي الأبيض orشقورة, (Arabic) |
| Seine | | Saena (Breton),Seina (Czech),Sèina (Occitan),Seine (Dutch, French, German, Swedish variant, Welsh),Seinen (Danish, Swedish),Sekwana (Polish),Sen (Turkish),Sena (Catalan, Croatian, Galician, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish, Slovene),Sena -Сена (Serbian, Russian, Ukrainian),Senna (Italian),Sequana orSequanna (Celtic),Sequana orSequanus (Latin),Sigen (Old English),Signa (Icelandic),Sikouànas -Σηκουάνας (Greek),Sinne (Walloon),Szajna (Hungarian),an tSéin (Irish) |
| Sele | | Sele (Italian),Sélé (French),Silarus,Siler,Silerus orSylar (Latin) |
| Semois | | Semois (French [Belgium]),Semoy (French [France]),Sesbach (German),Sesomires orSesmara (Latin),Setzbaach (Arlon Luxembourgish),Simwès orSmwès (Walloon) |
| Sense | | Chindzena (Fribourg patois),Sense (German),Singine (French) |
| Sesia | | Sesia (Italian, Piedmontese),Sesites,Sessites orSicia (Latin),Tseschra (Walser German) |
| Šešupė | | Ostfluss (briefly former German),Scheschup(p)e (German),Šešopė (Samogitian),Šešupė (Lithuanian),Sheshupe -Шешупе (Russian),Szeszupa (Polish) |
| Severn | | (Afon) Hafren (Welsh),Sabhrainn (Irish),Sabrina (Latin),Sæfern (Old English) |
| Seym | | Seim,Sejm orSeym -Сейм (Russian, Ukrainian),Sejm (Czech, Polish) |
| Shannon | | Abhainn na Sionainne (variant in Irish),y Çhannon (Manx),Scene (Old English),Senus (Latin),Shanon -Շանոն (Armenian),Shanon -Шанон (Macedonian),Shannon -Шаннон (Russian),Shanǎn -Шанън (Bulgarian),an tSionainn (Irish),an tSionna (variant in Irish) |
| Shkumbin | | Genessus orGenusus (Latin),Genoúsos -Γενούσος (Ancient Greek),Shkumbin orShkëmbi (Albanian),Shkumba -Шкумба orShkumbin -Шкумбин (Macedonian, Serbian),Skoumpin -Σκούμπιν (Modern Greek) |
| Sieg | | Segaha (Latin),Sie (Colognian dialect),Sieg (German) |
| Siret | | Ararus orHierasus (Latin),Hierasòs -Ιερασος (Ancient Greek),Seret (Polish),Seret /Siret -Серет /Сірет (Ukrainian),Sereth (German),Siret (Romanian),Siret -Сирет (Russian),Sireth (traditional English),Szeret (Hungarian) |
| Skellefte | | Skellefteälven (Swedish, Norwegian),Syöldateiednuo (Ume Sami) |
| Soča | | Aesontius /Sontius (Latin),Aipsōntios -Αιψωντιος (Ancient Greek),Isonz (Lombard),Isonzo (Italian, French, German, Spanish),Isonzó (Hungarian),Lisonz (Venetian),Lusinç orLisunç (Friulian),Soča (Slovene, Croatian, Czech),Sontig (historic German) |
| Someş | | Samosch (German),Samosius /Samus (Latin),Samosz (Polish),Someş (Romanian),Somesch (German),Somesh -Сомеш (Ukrainian),Szamos (Hungarian) |
| Someşul Mare | | Großer Somesch (German),Nagy-Szamos (Hungarian),Someşul Mare (Romanian) |
| Someşul Mic | | Kis-Szamos (Hungarian),Kleiner Somesch (German),Someşul Mic (Romanian) |
| Somme | | Samara (Gaulish, Latin),Somena/Somona (Latin variants),Somma (Polish),Somme (French, German, Hungarian, Romanian, Swedish),Sonme (Picard),Zomme (Middle Dutch),Zoom (West Flemish) |
| Sozh | | Soj (French),Sosch (German),Soż (Polish),Sožas (Lithuanian),Sozh -Сож (Belarusian, Russian, Ukrainian) |
| Spey | | Spè (Scottish Gaelic),Uisge Spé (Irish),Spea (Latin) |
| Spree | | Spree (German, Swedish),Spréva (Czech),Spreva (Latin),Sprewa /Szprewa (Polish),Sprjewja (Lower Sorbian),Sprowja /Sprewja /Šprewa (Sorbian) |
| Struma | | Estrimón (Spanish),Karasu (Turkish),Strimónas -Στρυμώνας (Greek),Strouma (French, variant in English),Struma -Струма (Bulgarian, Serbian),Struma (Czech),Strymon (ancient Greek, Latin, variant in English),Sztruma (Hungarian) |
| Suir | | Siúr orAbhainn na Siúire (Irish),Suirus (Latin) |
| Sukhona | | Soukhona (French),Suchona (Latin, German, Italian),Suhona (Finnish),Sújona (Spanish),Sukhona -Су́хона (Russian) |
| Sulak | | Ġoy-su -ГIой-хи (Chechen),Kʼas -Кьас (Dargin),Qoj su -Къой су (Kumyk),Sulak -Сулак (Lezgian, Russian),Sulak (Azerbaijani),Sulapi -სულაკი (Georgian),Sulaq -Сула́хъ (Avaric) |
| Sunzha | | Sholʒə -Шолжа (Ingush),Sölƶa -Соьлжа (Chechen),Sunja -სუნჯა (Georgian),Sunžæ -Сунжæ (Ossetian),Sunzha -Су́нжа (Russian),Səndž -Сындж (Kabardian) |
| Sura | | Săr -Сӑр (Chuvash),Sırı -Сыры (Tatar),Soera (Dutch),Soura (French),Šur -Шур (Mari),Sura -Сура́ (Moksha, Russian),Sura Lej -Сура лей (Erzya) |
| Svir | | Süvär (Veps),Svir -Свирь (Russian),Syväri (Finnish, Karelian) |
| Świna | | Svina (Czech),Swina (Pomeranian),Świna (Polish),Swine (German) |
| English name | Countries | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|---|
| Taff | | Taf (Welsh, Breton) |
| Tagliamento | | Dülmende (medieval German),Tagliamento (Italian),Tajamento (Venetian),Tiliaventum (Latin),Tiliment orTaiament (Friulian),Tilment (Croatian) |
| Tagus | | Taach (Frisian),Taag (Dutch),Tachas (Lithuanian),Tacho (Aragonese),Tag (Polish),Tage (Old Catalan, French, Occitan),Tago (Italian),Tagos -Ταγος (Ancient Greek),Tagus (Latin),Taho -Тахо (Russian),Tajo (Spanish, Basque, Catalan, German),Teijo (Mirandese),Tejo (Portuguese),Teju (Extremaduran),Texo (Galician), |
| Tana | | Deatnu (Northern Sami),Tana orTanaelva (Norwegian),Tana älv (Swedish),Tana -Тана (Russian),Teno orTenojoki (Finnish) |
| Tara | | Autarius,Tarus (Greek, Latin),Tara (Montenegrin, Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian) |
| Tarn | | Tarn (French, Occitan),Tarnis (Latin) |
| Tay | | Tatha (Scottish Gaelic, Breton, Irish),Tava orTaus (Latin),Tay (Scots, Welsh) |
| Terek | | Tergi -თერგი (Georgian),Terek -Терек (Avar, Azerbaijani, Lezgian, Russian),Terk -Терк (Karachay-Balkar, Ossetian),Terka -Теркa (Chechen) |
| Thames | | Riviéthe dé Londres (Norman),Tafwys (Welsh),Tamais (Irish),Tamesa (Latin variant),Tàmesi (Catalan),Tamesis (Latin),Tàmesis -Ταμεσης (Greek),Támesis (Spanish),Tamigi (Italian),Tamisa (Portuguese, Romanian),Tamise (French),Tamiza (Polish),Tavoez (Breton),Teems (Afrikaans, Western Frisian),Temes (Old English),Temese (middle English),Temza (Croatian, Latvian, Slovene),Temza -Темза (Bulgarian, Serbian, Russian),Temze (Hungarian),Temže (Czech),Thaimish (Manx),Theems (Dutch),Thems (Low German, West Flemish),Themse (German),Themsen (Danish, Norwegian, Swedish) |
| Thaya | | Dyja (Polish),Dyje (Czech, Slovak),Thaya (German, French, Hungarian, Italian) |
| Thielle | | Thièle orThielle (French),Zihl (German) |
| Thyamis | | Glykys -Γλυκύς (alternative Greek name),Kalamai (Albanian),Kalamas -Καλαμάς (alternative Greek, German),Thiamis (French),Thyamis -Θύαμις (Greek),Tíamis (Spanish),Tijamis (Serbian) |
| Tiber | | Albula andRumon (former Latin names),Téivie (Ligurian),Tever (Lombard),Tevere (Italian, Corsican, Hungarian, Maltese),Tèviri (Sicilian),Tibar (Friulian, Serbian),Tiber (Latin, Afrikaans, Dutch, German, Spanish, Turkish),Tíber (Catalan),Tibera (Czech, Slovene),Tiberen (Danish),Tiberis -Τιβερης (Greek),Tibern (Swedish),Tibir (Irish),Tibr -Тибр (Russian),Tibr -Тібр (Ukrainian),Tibra (Latvian),Tibre (French, Portuguese),Tibru (Romanian),Tyber (Polish),Tyberis (Latin variant) |
| Ticino | | Tesin (Piedmontese, alternative Lombard),Tesino (Spanish),Tessin (Alemannish, French, German),Ticino (Italian, Romansh),Ticinus (Latin),Tisin (Lombard, Venetian),Tzich orTisen (Ticino dialect of Lombard) |
| Timiș | | Tamiš -Тамиш (Serbian),Temes (Hungarian),Temeš (Czech),Temesch (German),Temesz (Polish),Teyss (archaic English)Thibisis /Thympiscos -Θίβισις /Θυμπισκος (Ancient Greek),Tibiscus /Tibisis (Latin),Timiș (Romanian), |
| Tisza | | Cisa (Polish),Pathissos -Πάθισσος (ancient Greek),Theiß (German),Theiss (older English texts),Tibisco (Italian),Tibisque (older French texts),Tisa (Croatian, Czech, Romanian, Slovak, Slovene, Turkish),Tisa -Тиса (Serbian, Russian),Tisia,Tissus orPathissus (Latin),Tisza (Hungarian, Dutch, French, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish),Tysa -Тиса (Ukrainian) |
| Torne | | Duortneseatnu (Northern Sami),Torne älv (Swedish),Tornionjoki (Finnish),Tornionväylä (Meänkieli) |
| Trent | | Trisantona (Latin),Terentus orTrehenta (Neolatin) |
| Trieux | | Titus orTetus (Latin),Trev orTreñv (Breton, Gallo),Trieux (French) |
| Tuloma | | Doallánjohka (Northern Sami),Tuållâmjokk (Skolt Sami),Tuloma (Norwegian),Tuloma -Тулома (Russian),Tuulomajoki (Finnish) |
| Tundzha | | Taenarus /Tonzus (Latin),Tonzos -Τόνζος (Greek),Toundja (French),Tunca (Turkish),Tundja (Romanian),Tundscha (German),Tundzha /Tundža -Тунджа (Bulgarian) |
| Tweed | | Thuaid (Irish),Tuaidh (Scottish Gaelic),Tueda (Latin),Tweed (Welsh),Tweid (Scots) |
| English name | Countries | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|---|
| Ufa | | Ӗphü -Ӗпхӳ (Chuvash),Oefa (Dutch),Oufa (French),Karaidel -Караидел (Tatar),Karaizel (Turkish),Qaridhel -Ҡариҙел (Bashkir),Šem Viče -Шем Виче (Mari),Ufa (German, Italian, Spanish),Ufa -Уфа (Russian) |
| Ume | | Ubmejeiednuo (Ume Sami),Ume älv orUmeälven (Swedish, Norwegian),Uumajanjoki (Finnish) |
| Ural | | Âjyǩ -Яйыҡ (Bashkir),Daïkos -Δάϊκος (Ancient Greek),Ğaek -Җаек (Tatar),Jayıq -Жайық (Kazakh),Jayıq (Kara-Kalpak),Oeral (Dutch),Oural (French),Ouralis -Ουράλης (modern Greek),Rhymnus orIaick (Latin),an Úrail (Irish),Ural (Czech, German, Italian, Spanish),Ural -Урал (Russian),Wral (Welsh),Yaik -Яик (former Russian), |
| Usa | | Oussa (French),Usa -Уса́ (Russian),Ussa (German),Usva -Усва (Komi) |
| Usk | | Isca (Latin),Wysg (Welsh, Breton) |
| Uzh | | Uh (Slovak),Uh -Уг (Ruthenian),Ung (Hungarian),Uzh -Уж (Russian, Ukrainian),Uż (Polish) |
| English name | Countries | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|---|
| Váh | | Cusus (Latin variant),Vág (Hungarian),Vaghus (Latin),Vah -Ваг (Ukrainian),Váh (Slovak, Czech, Romanian),Waag (German),Wag (Polish) |
| Vardar | | Axiós -Αξιος (Greek),Axius (Latin),Vardar (Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Hungarian, Italian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian, Romanian, Turkish),Vardar orWardar (German),Vardari (Albanian),Wardar (Polish) |
| Vechte | | (Oeriselske) Fecht (Western Frisian),(Overijsselse) Vecht (Dutch),Vechte (German, Low Saxon) |
| Vefsna | | Vaapstenjeanoe (Southern Sami),Vapstälven (Swedish),Vefsna (Norwegian), |
| Venta | | Vǟnta (Livonian),Venta (Latvian, Lithuanian),Venta -Вента (Russian),Vėnta (Samogitian),Windau (German),Windawa (Polish) |
| Vetluga | | Vetlouga (French),Vetluga -Ветлу́га (Russian),Vütla -Вӱтла (Eastern Mari),Və̈tlä -Вӹтлӓ (Western Mari),Wetluga (German),Wietługa (Polish) |
| Vienne | | Viena (Catalan),Vienne (French),Vigenna orVingenna (Latin),Vinhana orViena (Occitan) |
| Vilaine | | Gwilen orGwilun (Breton, Welsh),Vicinonia,Vicenonia orVisnonia (Latin),Vilaèyn (Gallo),Vilaine (French) |
| Vindel | | Vidduolienuo (Ume Sami),Vindelälven (Swedish, Norwegian), |
| Vistula | | Vaysl - װײַסל (Yiddish),Veiksel (Finnish),an Viostúile (Irish),Visla (Czech, Latvian, Slovak, Slovene),Visla -Вісла (Belarusian, Ukrainian),Visla -Висла (Bulgarian, Russian, Serbian),Vistola (Italian),Vistül (Turkish),Vistula (Latin, Romanian, Swedish variant),Vístula (Catalan, Portuguese, Spanish),Vistule (French),Visztula (Hungarian),Vysla (Lithuanian),Weichsel (German, Swedish variant),Wießel (Low German),Wijsel orWijssel (Dutch),Wisła (Polish, Swedish variant),Wisła orVisla (Estonian) |
| Vltava | | Fuldaha (medieval Latin (872 AD)),Moldau (Dutch, German, Swedish),Moldva (Hungarian),Moldava (Italian, Spanish),Moldawa (Silesian),Multavia,Moldava orMulta (Latin),Vltava (Czech, Finnish, French, Romanian, Slovak, Slovene, Swedish),Vltava -Влтава (Serbian, Russian, Ukrainian),Wełtawa (Polish),Wlitaua (Old Czech),Wołtawa (Sorbian),Wultha (medieval Latin (1125 AD)) |
| Volga | | Atăl -Атӑл (Chuvash),Edil (Kazakh),İdel -Идел (Tatar),Idhel (Bashkir),İdil (Turkish),Indɨl (Adyghe),Ijil mörön (Oirat),İtil (Karachay-Balkar),Izhil -Ижил (Mongolian),Jezhel Muren -Эжэл мүрэн (Buryat),Jul -Юл (Mari),Rā (Scythian),Rav -Рав (Erzya, Mordvin),Rava -Рава (Mocksha),Rha (Latin),Vl'ga (Church Slavic),Volg (Veps),Volga (Croatian, Finnish, French, Hungarian, Irish, Italian, Maltese, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish, Slovene, Swedish, Turkish),Volga -Волга (Russian, Serbian, Ukrainian),Volgan (Swedish variant),Vòlgas -Βολγας (Greek),Volha (Czech),Vollga (Albanian),Wolga (Afrikaans, Dutch, Frisian, German, Turkmen),Wołga (Polish, Silesian) |
| Volkhov | | Olhav (Veps),Olhava (Ingrian),Olhavanjoki (Finnish),Volhova (Latvian),Volhovi jõgi (Estonian),Vóljov (Spanish),Volkhov -Во́лхов (Russian),Wolchow (German),Wołchow (Polish) |
| Vuoksi | | Vuoksa (Norwegian),Vuoksa -Вуокса (Russian),Vuoksen (Swedish),Vuoksi (Finnish, French, German) |
| Vyatka | | Noqrat -Нократ (Tatar),Nuhrat Atăl -Нухрат Атӑл (Chuvash),Vatka -Ватка (Mari, Udmurt),Viatca (Latin),Viatka (French, Spanish),Viče -Виче (Mari),Vjatka (Dutch, Italian),Vyatka -Вя́тка (Russian),Wiatka (Polish),Wjatka (German) |
| Vychegda | | Ežva -Эжва (Komi),Vychegda -Вычегда (Russian),Vytchegda (French),Wytschegda (German) |
| English name | Countries | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|---|
| Waal | | Vacalis /Vahalis /Valis (Latin),Valas (Lithuanian),Waal (Dutch, German, Low Saxon, West Frisian),Wahal orVahal (alternative French),Wål (Walloon),Woal (West Flemish) |
| Warnow | | Chalousos -Χαλοῦσος (Ancient Greek)?,Chalusus (Latin)?,Varnava (Czech),Warnow (German, Polish) |
| Warta | | Varta (Czech, Latin),Warta (Polish),Warthe (German, Swedish) |
| Werra | | Weraha (Neo-Latin),Werra (German) |
| Weser | | Vesdre (French),Vezera (Czech),Vēzere (Latvian),Vėzeris (Lithuanian),Visurgis (Latin),Weeser (Northern Frisian),Werser (Low German),Weser (German, Danish, Western Frisian),Wezer (Dutch),Wezera (Polish) |
| Wieprz | | Vepr -Вепр (Ukrainian, Taraškievica Belarusian),Vepsh (Belarusian, Russian),Vepšas (Lithuanian),Wieprz (Polish) |
| Wisłok | | Vislok -Віслок (Ukrainian),Vyslokas (Lithuanian),Weisslok orWeisslog (German),Wisłok (Polish) |
| Wkra | | Vkra (Lithuanian),Wkra (Polish) |
| Wupper | | Wipper (upper part of river),Wippera (Latin),Wupper (German) |
| Wye | | Gwy (Welsh, Breton),Vaga /Waia (Latin) |
| English name | Countries | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|---|
| Yantra | | Etar (older Bulgarian),Iantra (Romanian),Iatus (Latin),Jantra (German),Yantra -Я̀нтра (Bulgarian),Oszam (Hungarian), |
| Ybbs | | Íbosa (Portuguese),Jivice (Croatian),Ois,Weiße Ois (upper regions),Ybbs (Austro-Bavarian, German) |
| Yonne | | Icaunus (Latin),Yonne (French) |
| Yser | | IJzer (Dutch),Isera (Latin),Izer (Walloon),Yser (French),Yzer (West Flemish) |
| Yug | | Ioug (French),Jug (German, Italian),Yug -Юг (Komi, Russian) |
| English name | Countries | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|---|
| Zeta | | Zenta (Greek),Senta (Latin)Zeta (Montenegrin, Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Albanian) |
| Zbruch | | Sbrutch (German),Zbroutch (French),Zbruč (Czech, Italian),Zbruch -Збруч (Ukrainian),Zbrucz (Polish) |
| Zenne | | Sainna (Latin),Senne (French, German),Sena (Lithuanian),Zenne (Dutch) |
| Zêzere | | Zêzere (Portugues),Zézere (Galician, Mirandese) |
| Zrmanja | | Tedanius (Latin),Zermagna (Italian),Zrmanja (Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian) |
| Zwarte Water | | Swarte Wetter (Western Frisian),Zwarte Water (Dutch),Zwärte Wäter (Low Saxon) |
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