| Emperor ofMexico | |
|---|---|
Imperial | |
 | |
 | |
| Details | |
| Style | His Imperial Majesty |
| First monarch | Agustín I |
| Last monarch | Maximilian I |
| Formation | 19 May 1822 (First Empire) 10 April 1864 (Second Empire) |
| Abolition | 19 March 1823 (First Empire) 15 May 1867 (Second Empire) |
| Residence | Palace of Moncada (1822–1823) Chapultepec Castle (1864–1867) |
| Pretender | Maximilian von Götzen-Iturbide |
TheEmperor of Mexico (Spanish:Emperador de México) was thehead of state andhead of governmentof Mexico on two non-consecutive occasions during the 19th century.
With theMexican Declaration of Independence fromSpain in 1821, Mexico briefly became an independent monarchy – theFirst Mexican Empire. For a few years in the mid-1860s, Mexico reverted to being a monarchy – theSecond Mexican Empire. In both instances, the reigning emperor was forcibly deposed and then executed.
| Portrait | Coat of arms | Name | Lifespan | Reign start | Reign end | House |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | | Agustín I | 27 September 1783 – 19 July 1824 (aged 40) | 19 May 1822 | 19 March 1823 (304 days) | Iturbide |
The Sovereign MexicanConstituent Congress decreed on June 22, 1822[1] the following:
- Art 1 °. The Mexican Monarchy, in addition to being moderate and Constitutional, is also hereditary.
- Art 2 °. Consequently, the Nation calls the succession of the Crown for the death of the current Emperor, his firstborn son Don Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide. The Constitution of the Empire will decide the order of succession of the throne.
- Art 3 °. The crown prince will be called "Prince Imperial" and will have the treatment of Imperial Highness.
- Art 4 °. The legitimate sons and daughters of H.I.M will be called "Mexican Princes", and will have the treatment of Highness.
- Art 5 °. Don José Joaquín de Iturbide y Arreguí, Father of H.I.M, is decorated with the title of "Prince of the Union" and the treatment of Highness, during his life.
- Art 6 °. It is also granted the title of "Princess of Iturbide" and the treatment of Highness, during his life, to Doña María Nicolasa de Iturbide y Arámburo, sister of the Emperor.
| Portrait | Coat of arms | Name | Lifespan | Emperor from | Emperor until | House |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | .svg) | Maximilian I | 6 July 1832 – 19 June 1867 (aged 34) | 10 April 1864 | 19 June 1867 (3 years, 70 days) | Habsburg-Lorraine |
The Superior Government Junta by theConservative Party decreed on July 11, 1863[2] the following:
- Art 1 °. The Mexican nation adopts a moderated, hereditary monarchy by way of government, with a Catholic prince.
- Art 2 °. The sovereign will take the title of Emperor of Mexico.
- Art 3 °. The imperial crown of Mexico is offered to S. A. I. and R., Prince Maximilian, archduke of Austria, for himself and his descendants.
- Art 4 °. In the event that, due to circumstances impossible to foresee, Archduke Maximilian did not take possession of the throne that is offered, the Mexican nation refers to the benevolence of HM Napoleon III, emperor of the French, to be instructed by another Catholic prince.