This is adynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help byediting the page to add missing items, with references toreliable sources.
Ancient Egyptian deities were an integral part of ancient Egyptian religion and were worshiped for millennia. Many of themruled overnatural andsocial phenomena, as well asabstract concepts[1] These gods and goddesses appear in virtually every aspect ofancient Egyptian civilization, and more than 1,500 of them are known by name. Many Egyptian texts mention deities' names without indicating their character or role, while other texts refer to specific deities without even stating their name, so a complete list of them is difficult to assemble.[2] This list does not include anyPharaohs who were usually deified, somewithin their own lifetime, nor does it include the spouses of thePtolemaic rulers who were also usually deified. The only deified people on this list are the ones in which their deification was unique and uncommon for someone of their status.
Aten – Sun disk deity who became the focus of the monolatrous or monotheisticAtenist belief system in the reign ofAkhenaten, was also the literal Sun disk[7]
Horus – A kingship god, usually shown as aFalcon or as ahuman child, linked with the sky, theSun, kingship, protection, and healing; often said to be the son ofOsiris andIsis[13]
Set – An ambivalent god, characterized by violence, chaos, and strength, connected with the desert. Mythological murderer ofOsiris and enemy ofHorus, but also a supporter of thePharaoh[29]
Shu – Embodiment of wind or air, a member of theEnnead[30]
Hathor – One of the most important goddesses, linked with the sky, theSun, sexuality and motherhood,music and dance, foreign lands and goods, and theafterlife. One of many forms of theEye of Ra, she is often depicted as acow[36]
Isis – Wife ofOsiris and mother ofHorus, linked with funerary rites, motherhood, protection, and magic. She became a deity inGreek andRoman religion[41]
Maat – A goddess who personified truth, justice, and order[42]
Sekhmet – Alioness goddess, both destructive and violent and capable of warding off disease, protector of thePharaohs who led them inwar, the consort ofPtah and one of many forms of theEye of Ra[52]
TheGate deities of the underworld – Many dangerous guardian deities at the gates ofDuat (flanked by divine Doorkeepers and Heralds), to be ingratiated with spells and by knowing their names[242] 31 of these gods, appeared in the book of the dead. Among them are deities such as Qeq-hauau-ent-pehui or “eater of his own filth”, Khesef-At or “repulser of the crocodile” and Ankh-f-em-fent or “ he who lives on worms”.
TheHemsut – Protective goddesses of Fate, destiny, and of the creation sprung from the primordial abyss; daughters ofPtah, linked to theconcept of ka[243][244]
The Her-Hequi – Four deities in the fifth division ofDuat[39]
The Horus of the day deities – Twelve divine embodiments of eachhour of theday: partly major deities (first:Maat and Nenit, second:Hu andRa em-nu, third: unknown, fourth: Ashespi-kha, Fifth: Nesbit and Agrit, sixth: Ahait, seventh:Horus and Nekait or Nekai-t, eighth:Khensu and Kheprit, ninth: Neten-her-netch-her and Ast em nebt ankh, tenth: Urit-hekau or Hekau-ur, eleventh: Amanh, and partly lesser-known ones (twelfth: "The One Who Gives Protection In The Twilight")[245]
The Horus of the night deities – Twelve goddesses of eachhour of the night, wearing a five-pointed star on their heads Neb-t tehen and Neb-t heru, god and goddess of the firsthour of night,Apis or Hep (in reference) and Sarit-neb-s, god and goddess of the secondhour of night, M'k-neb-set, goddess of the thirdhour of night, Aa-t-shefit or Urit-shefit, goddess of the fourthhour of the night, Heru-heri-uatch-f and Nebt ankh, god and goddess of the Fifthhour of the night, Ari-em-aua or Uba-em-tu-f and Mesperit, neb-t shekta or Neb-t tcheser, god and goddess of the sixthhour of the night, Heru-em-sau-ab and Herit-t-chatcha-ah, god and goddess of the seventhhour of the night, Ba-pefi and Ankh-em-neser-t or Merit-neser-t, god and goddess of the eighthhour of night, An-mut-f and Neb-t sent-t, god and goddess of the ninthhour of the night,Amset or Neb neteru and M'k-neb-set, god and goddess of the tenthhour of night, Uba-em-tu-f and Khesef-khemit or M'kheskhemuit, god and goddess of the eleventhhour,Khepri and Maa-neferut-Ra, god and goddess of the twelfthhour of the night[245]
^Dodson, Aidan; Hilton, Dyan (2004).The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt. London: Thames & Hudson.ISBN0-500-05128-3., p.58
^abTroche, Julia (15 December 2021).Death, Power, and Apotheosis in Ancient Egypt: The Old and Middle Kingdoms. Cornell University Press.ISBN9781501760174.
^Schirmer, R. (July 1962). "[Duau, the Tutelary deity of Egyptial ophthalmologists of the old kingdom]".Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde und für augenärztliche Fortbildung.140:887–888.ISSN0344-6360.PMID14498471.
^abLorton, Claude Traunecker. transl. from the French by David (2001).The gods of Egypt (1st English-language, enhanced and expanded ed.). Ithaca, N.Y [u.a.]: Cornell University Press. pp. 59.ISBN0-8014-3834-9.
^Manassa, Colleen (2006-02-01). "The Crimes of Count Sabni Reconsidered".Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde.133 (2):151–163.doi:10.1524/zaes.2006.133.2.151.ISSN2196-713X.
^A survey of the literary and archaeological evidence for the background of Hermes Trismegistus as the Greek godHermes and the Egyptian godThoth may be found inBull, Christian H. (2018). "The Myth of Hermes Trismegistus".The Tradition of Hermes Trismegistus: The Egyptian Priestly Figure as a Teacher of Hellenized Wisdom. Religions in the Graeco-Roman World. Vol. 186.Leiden andBoston:Brill Publishers. pp. 31–96.doi:10.1163/9789004370845_003.ISBN978-90-04-37081-4.ISSN0927-7633.S2CID172059118.
^Ritner, Robert K. (1984). "A uterine amulet in the Oriental Institute collection".Journal of Near Eastern Studies.43 (3):209–221.doi:10.1086/373080.PMID16468192.S2CID42701708.
^Hermann Alexander Schlögl:Das alte Ägypten. Beck, München 2008,ISBN3-406-48005-5, S. 123.
^Gerald Massey (2008) [1907].Ancient Egypt – The Light of the World: A Work of Reclamation and Restitution in Twelve Books. NuVision Publications. p. 319.ISBN978-1595476067.
^Budge (1904).The Gods of The Egyptians or Studies in Egyptian Mythology. p. 296.
^Jørgensen, Jens Kristoffer Blach (2014).Egyptian Mythological Manuals: Mythological structures and interpretative techniques in the Tebtunis Mythological manual, the manual of the Delta and related texts. Københavns Universitet, Det Humanistiske Fakultet. p.89.
^Shorter, Alan W., with a new bibliography by Petry, Bonnie L. (1994).The Egyptian gods: a handbook (Rev. ed.). San Bernardino (Calif.): the Borgo press. p. 125.ISBN0-89370-535-7.
^Durdin-Robertson (1979).Communion With The Goddess. p. 21.
^Kim Ryholt, The Assyrian invasion of Egypt in Egyptian literary tradition, in Assyria and Beyond, Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten 2004,ISBN9062583113, p. 501
^Zecchi, Marco (2001). "The god Hedjhotep".Chronique d'Égypte.LXXVI (151–152). Bruxelles: Fondation Égyptologique Reine Élizabeth:5–19.doi:10.1484/J.CDE.2.309159.
^abBudge, Sir Ernest A. Wallis (2010).An Egyptian hieroglyphic dictionary (in two volumes, with an index of English words, king list and geographical list with indexes, list of hieroglyphic characters, Coptic and Semitic alphabets. New York: Cosimo Classics. p. 24.ISBN978-1-61640-460-4.
^abcBudge (2010).An Egyptian hieroglyphic dictionary s. New York. p. 23.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^abcdefghBudge (2010).An Egyptian hieroglyphic dictionary. New York. p. 46.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^abcdefgBudge (2010).An Egyptian hieroglyphic dictionary s. p. 47.
^abcdefghiBudge (2010).An Egyptian hieroglyphic dictionary. p. 48.
^Budge (2010).An Egyptian hieroglyphic dictionary. p. 59.
^abcdefBudge (2010).An Egyptian hieroglyphic dictionary s. p. 472.
^abcdefBudge (2010).An Egyptian hieroglyphic dictionary. p. 556.
^abcdefghBudge (2010).An Egyptian hieroglyphic dictionary. p. 267.
^abcdefghiBudge (2010).An Egyptian hieroglyphic dictionary. p. 403.
^abcdefghBudge (2010).An Egyptian hieroglyphic dictionary. p. 336.
^abcdefghijklmBudge (2010).An Egyptian hieroglyphic dictionary. p. 358.
^abcdefghijklmBudge (2010).An Egyptian hieroglyphic dictionary. p. 359.
^abcdefghijklBudge (2010).An Egyptian hieroglyphic dictionary. p. 360.
^abcdefghijklmBudge (2010).An Egyptian hieroglyphic dictionary. p. 363.
^abcdefgBudge (2010).An Egyptian hieroglyphic dictionary. p. 404.
^abcdeBudge (2010).An Egyptian hieroglyphic dictionary. p. 165.
^abcdefghiBudge (2010).An Egyptian hieroglyphic dictionary. p. 162.
^abcdefBudge (2010).An Egyptian hieroglyphic dictionary. p. 172.
^abcdeDurdin-Robertson (1979).Communion With The Goddess. p. 2.
^te Velde, Herman (1988).Mut, the Eye of Re. In Schoske, Sylvie (ed.). Akten des vierten Internationalen Ägyptologen Kongresses Vol. 3. Munich: Helmut Buske 1985. pp. 396.
Smith, Mark S. (1994).The Ugaritic Baal cycle. Volume I. Introduction with Text, Translations and Commentary of KTU 1.1-1.2. Leiden: Brill.ISBN978-90-04-09995-1.OCLC30914624.
Lorton, Claude Traunecker. Transl. from the French by David (2001).The gods of Egypt (1st English-language edn, enhanced and expanded). Ithaca, N.Y [u.a.]: Cornell University Press.ISBN0-8014-3834-9.
Budge, Sir Ernest A. Wallis (2010).An Egyptian hieroglyphic dictionary (in two volumes, with an index of English words, king list and geographical list with indexes, list of hieroglyphic characters, Coptic and Semitic alphabets). New York: Cosimo Classics.ISBN978-1-61640-460-4.
Petry, Alan W. Shorter; with a new bibliography by Bonnie L. (1994).The Egyptian gods : a handbook (rev. edn). San Bernardino (Calif.): The Borgo Press.ISBN0-89370-535-7.
Nelson, Thomas (2017).The Woman's Study Bible: Receiving God's Truth for Balance, Hope, and Transformation. Biblica, Inc.
"GVC09-24: Mystical creatures and gods -Egyptian".[1]
Durdin-Robertson, Lawrence (1979).Communion With The Goddess: Idols, Images, and Symbols of the Goddesses; Egypt Part III. Cesara Publications.
translations, translated by Raymond O. Faulkner; with additional; Wasserman, a commentary by Ogden Goelet JR.; with color illustrations from the facsimile volume produced in 1890 under the supervision of E.A. Wallis Budge; introduced by Carol A. R. Andrews; edited by Eva Von Dassow; in an edition conceived by James (1994).The Egyptian Book of the dead : the Book of going forth by day : being the Papyrus of Ani (royal scribe of the divine offerings), written and illustrated circa 1250 B.C.E., by scribes and artists unknown, including the balance of chapters of the books of the dead known as the theban recension, compiled from ancient texts, dating back to the roots of Egyptian civilization (1st edn). San Francisco: Chronicle Books.ISBN0-8118-0767-3.
