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List of Chinese criminal organizations

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Criminal gangs are found throughout mainland China but are most active inChongqing,Shanghai,Macau,Tianjin,Shenyang, andGuangzhou. Some are also active inHong Kong,Malaysia,Singapore andTaiwan. The number of people involved inorganized crime on the mainland has risen from around 100,000 in 1986 to around 1.5 million in the year 2000.

Since the new century, there are two academic books focusing on Chinese organized crime. Based on rich empirical work, these books offer how Chinese criminal organizations survive in the changing socio-economic and political environment. Y. K. Chu'sTriads as Business[1] looks at the role of Hong Kong Triads in legal, illegal and international markets. Peng Wang'sThe Chinese Mafia[2] examines the rise of mainland Chinese organized crime and the political-criminal nexus (collusion between gangs and corrupt police officers) inreform and opening era of China.

Triad societies

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Main article:Triad (underground society)

The following is a list of Chinese triad societies:

Criminally influenced tongs

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Gangs

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Currently active groups in mainland China

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Main article:Crime_in_China § Organized_crime_in_mainland_China

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^Chu, Y. K. (2002).The triads as business. Routledge.ISBN 9780415757249
  2. ^Wang, Peng (2017).The Chinese Mafia: Organized Crime, Corruption, and Extra-Legal Protection. Oxford: Oxford University Press.ISBN 9780198758402
  3. ^abcdMahlmann, Ning-Ning."Chinese Criminal Enterprises - US Department of State". Archived fromthe original on 2008-01-09. Retrieved2015-02-19.
  4. ^"Court May Have Slain Black Dragon". Archived fromthe original on 2012-09-11.
  5. ^"Friends of Ours: Chinese Mafia". Bitterqueen.typepad.com. Archived fromthe original on 2011-07-17. Retrieved2015-02-19.
  6. ^"China's Business Newspaper". The Standard. Archived fromthe original on 2016-01-16. Retrieved2015-02-19.
  7. ^Ma, Jason."Bay News: 21 Boys Gangsters Sentenced for Extortion".AsianWeek. Archived fromthe original on May 15, 2006.
  8. ^Gordon, John; Mrozek, Thom."USAO/CDCA Press Release". Archived fromthe original on January 24, 2007. Retrieved2015-02-19.
  9. ^abcd"'Mosquito brother' celebrates 90th birthday in style". Taipei Times. 2015-02-12. Retrieved2015-02-19.
  10. ^"SAN FRANCISCO / Youths Plead Guilty In Extortion Attempt". SFGate. 2000-03-25. Retrieved2015-02-19.
  11. ^Van Derbeken, Jaxon."Man in Blast Linked to Fireworks Gang / He was involved in illegal sales in '80s and '90s, S.F. Cops say".Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2016.
  12. ^abcde"A MEMOIR" By Bill Lee". "Chinese Playground. Retrieved2015-02-19.
  13. ^"Bemboo Tigers". Brockmorris.com. Retrieved2015-02-19.
  14. ^ab"The Presence". Brockmorris.com. Retrieved2015-02-19.
  15. ^Finckenauer, James O. (December 6, 2007)."Chinese Transnational Organized Crime: The Fuk Ching"(PDF).National Institute of Justice. Washington, D.C.: National Criminal Justice Reference Service. RetrievedApril 24, 2014.
  16. ^abLee, Denny (2003-05-11)."Years of the Dragons".Nychinatown.org. RK Chin Web Gallery. Retrieved2015-02-19.
  17. ^"Gorilla Convict Blog". Archived fromthe original on July 19, 2011. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2016.
  18. ^Van Derbeken, Jaxon (1999-06-17)."Deputies Set Free Suspect in Killing In Video Arcade". SFGate. Retrieved2015-02-19.
  19. ^Kelly, Robert J.; Chin, Ko-lin; Schatzberg, Rufus (1994).Handbook of Organized Crime in the United States - Google Books. Bloomsbury Academic.ISBN 9780313283666. Retrieved2015-02-19.
  20. ^"Wowza Media Server 3 Monthly Edition 3.0.5 build1220". Archived fromthe original on May 1, 2013. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2016.
  21. ^"Fireworks". Brockmorris.com. Retrieved2015-02-19.
  22. ^"A Looming Danger".Diálogo. Archived fromthe original on November 24, 2012. Retrieved19 February 2015.
  23. ^"Transnational Activities of Chinese Crime Organizations"(PDF). Loc.gov. Retrieved19 February 2015.
  24. ^"SAN FRANCISCO / Man Who Was Mistakenly Freed Is Rearrested". SFGate. 1999-08-04. Retrieved2015-02-19.
  25. ^"Fifth Chinese restaurant attacked". smh.com.au. 2002-06-20. Retrieved2015-02-19.
  26. ^Lane, Melissa (2005-04-27)."Gang Today, Hair Tomorrow | Feature | San Francisco | San Francisco News and Events". SF Weekly. Retrieved2015-02-19.
  27. ^Fried, Joseph P. (1995-01-18)."Tong Leader In Chinatown Is Convicted".The New York Times. New York City; Chinatown (Nyc). Retrieved2015-02-19.
  28. ^Leo, John (1985-07-08)."Law: Parasites on Their Own People". TIME. Archived fromthe original on March 4, 2009. Retrieved2015-02-19.

Further reading

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  • Chu, Y. K. (2002). The triads as business. Routledge.
  • Ko-lin Chin.Chinatown Gangs: Extortion, Enterprise, and Ethnicity. Oxford University Press, 2000.
  • Peter Huston.Tongs, Gangs, and Triads: Chinese Crime Groups in North America (1995)
  • Lo, T. W. (2010). Beyond Social Capital: Triad Organized Crime in Hong Kong and China. British Journal of Criminology, 50(5), 851–872.
  • Wang, Peng. "The Increasing Threat of Chinese Organised Crime: national, regional and international perspectives", The RUSI Journal Vol. 158, No.4, (2013), pp. 6–18.
  • Wang, Peng (2017). The Chinese Mafia: Organized Crime, Corruption, and Extra-Legal Protection. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

External links

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Organized crime groups in Asia
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