Terra Australis
Terra Australis is the large continent on the bottom of this 1570 map

Thislist of Antarctica expeditions is achronological list ofexpeditions involvingAntarctica. Although the existence of asouthern continent had been hypothesized as early as the writings ofPtolemy in the 1st century AD, the South Pole was not reached until 1911.

• 600 BC – 300 BC –Greek philosophers theorizeSpherical Earth withNorth andSouthPolar regions.
• 150AD –Ptolemy publishedGeographia, which notesTerra Australis Incognita.

• 13th century – Polynesians settleAuckland Islands (50° S)^[1][2][3][4]
• 1501–1502 –Gonçalo Coelho andAmerigo Vespucci possibly sail to (52° S)
• 1522 –Juan Sebastián de El Cano – firstcircumnavigation Fernando de Magallanes discoversStrait of Magellan (54° S)
• 1526 –Francisco de Hoces reportedly blown south from Strait of Magellan to (56° S). He discovers theDrake Passage or Mar de Hoces.
• 1578 –Francis Drake claims to have discovered anocean south of South America and "Elizabeth Island" (57° S)^[5]
• 1599 –Dirk Gerritsz – potentially sails to (64° S)
• 1603 –Gabriel de Castilla – potentially sails to (64° S)
• 1615 –Jacob Le Maire andWillem Schouten first to sail aroundCape Horn cross (56° S)
• 1619 –García de Nodal expedition – circumnavigateTierra del Fuego and discoverDiego Ramírez Islands (56°30′S68°43′W / 56.500°S 68.717°W /-56.500; -68.717)
• 1643 –Dutch expedition to Valdivia – northerly winds push the expedition as far south as 61°59 S where icebergs were abundant.^[6] The expedition disproves beliefs thatIsla de los Estados was part of Terra Australis.^[6][7][8]
• 1675 –Anthony de la Roché discoversSouth Georgia (54°15′00″S36°45′00″W / 54.25000°S 36.75000°W /-54.25000; -36.75000), the first ever land discovered south of theAntarctic Convergence
• 1698–1699 –Edmond Halley sails to (52° S)^[9]
• 1720 –George Shelvocke – sails to (61° 30′ S)
• 1739 –Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier – discoversBouvet Island (54°26′S3°24′E / 54.433°S 3.400°E /-54.433; 3.400)
• 1771 –James Cook –HM Bark Endeavour expedition
• 1771–1772 –Yves-Joseph de Kerguelen-Trémarec discoversKerguelen Islands (49°15′S69°35′E / 49.250°S 69.583°E /-49.250; 69.583)
• 1772–1775 –James Cook – sailsHMS Resolution crossingAntarctic Circle in January 1773 and December 1773. On 30 January 1774 he reaches 71° 10′ S, hisFarthest South, coming within about 120 kilometres (75 mi) of the Antarctic mainland without seeing it.

• 1780s to 1839 – American and British whalers and sealers make incidental discoveries.
• 1819 –William Smith discoversSouth Shetland Islands (62°00′S58°00′W / 62.000°S 58.000°W /-62.000; -58.000), the first land discovered south of 60° south latitude.
• 1819 –San Telmo is wrecked in theDrake Passage offLivingston Island.
• 1819–1821 –Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen andMikhail Lazarev, future Admirals of Russian Imperial Navy, during Russian circumnavigation expedition, on 27 January 1820 were stopped by impassable ice in 95 km (50 nmi) ofPrincess Martha Coast that later became known as the floating fragments ofFimbul Ice Shelf (69°21′S2°15′W / 69.350°S 2.250°W /-69.350; -2.250). Bellingshausen and Lazarev became the first explorers to see and officially discoverAlexander Island andPeter I Island in Antarctica in 21–28 January 1821.
• 1820 –Edward Bransfield withWilliam Smith as his pilot – on 30 January 1820, sightTrinity Peninsula (63°37′S58°20′W / 63.617°S 58.333°W /-63.617; -58.333).
• 1820 –Nathaniel Palmer sights Antarctica on 17 November 1820
• 1821 –George Powell, a British sealer, andNathaniel B. Palmer, an American sealer, discover theSouth Orkney Islands. Powell annexes them for the British.
• 1821 –John Davis – on 7 February 1821 disputed claim of setting foot on Antarctica atHughes Bay (64°13′S61°20′W / 64.217°S 61.333°W /-64.217; -61.333)
• 1823–1824 –James Weddell discovers theWeddell Sea; – on 20 February 1823 his shipJane (160 tons) reached a newFarthest South of 74° 15′ S (74°15′S30°12′W / 74.250°S 30.200°W /-74.250; -30.200)
• 1829-1831 -Palmer–Pendleton Expedition
• 1830–1833 –Southern Ocean Expedition led byJohn Biscoe, an English sealer; circumnavigates the continent, sets foot onAnvers Island, names and annexesGraham Land, discoversBiscoe Islands,Queen Adelaide Island (67°15′S68°30′W / 67.250°S 68.500°W /-67.250; -68.500) and sightsEnderby Land (67°30′S53°0′E / 67.500°S 53.000°E /-67.500; 53.000)
• 1837–1840 –First French Antarctic Expedition – led byJules Dumont d'Urville; discoversAdélie Land and sets foot on anislet ofGéologie Archipelago (66°36′S140°4′E / 66.600°S 140.067°E /-66.600; 140.067) 4 km from the mainland to take mineral and animal samples (66° S)
• 1838–1839 –John Balleny discoversBalleny Islands (66°55′S163°45′E / 66.917°S 163.750°E /-66.917; 163.750)
• 1838–1842 –United States Exploring Expedition – led byCharles Wilkes toAntarctic Peninsula (69°30′S65°00′W / 69.500°S 65.000°W /-69.500; -65.000) and eastern Antarctica; discovers "Termination Barrier" ("Shackleton Ice Shelf")
• 1839–1843 –James Clark Ross'sexpedition of 1839 to 1843 discovered theRoss Ice Shelf,Ross Sea,Mount Erebus,Mount Terror andVictoria Land; extended hisFarthest South to 78° 10′ S on 23 January 1842
• 1851–1853 –Mercator Cooper landed on what is now known asOates Coast in what is probably the first adequately documented landing on the mainland of Antarctica.
• 1872–1872 – German Antarctic Expedition underEduard Dallmann, aboard theGrönland.
• 1872–1876 –HMS Challenger under Capt. George S. Nares, becomes the first steamship to cross the Antarctic Circle; reopens the study of oceanography in the region after a 30-year gap.^[10]
• 1892–1893 –Carl Anton Larsen led the firstNorwegian expedition toAntarctica aboard the shipJason. Larsen became the first person toski in Antarctica where theLarsen Ice Shelf was named after him.
• 1892–1893 –Dundee Whaling Expedition discoverDundee Island (63°30′S55°55′W / 63.500°S 55.917°W /-63.500; -55.917)
• 1893–1894 –Carl Anton Larsen led the secondNorwegian expedition toAntarctica, commissioned and funded by the German shipping company Oceana
• 1893–1895 –Henryk Bull,Carstens Borchgrevink andAlexander von Tunzelmann – set foot on Antarctica atCape Adare
• 1897–1899 –Belgian Antarctic Expedition – led byAdrien de Gerlache; first to winter South of the Antarctic Circle.
• 1898–1900 –Southern Cross Expedition,Carsten Borchgrevink – sails toCape Adare, winters on Antarctica and takesFarthest South on 16 February 1900 at 78° 50′ S

• 1901–1904 –Discovery Expedition – led byRobert Falcon Scott, on 30 December 1903, reached (82° 17′S)
• 1902 - First balloon flight over Antarctica by Robert Falcon Scott^[11]
• 1901–1903 –Gauss expedition (orFirst German Antarctic Expedition) – led byErich von Drygalski
• 1901–1903 –Swedish Antarctic Expedition – led byOtto Nordenskjöld with captainCarl Anton Larsen
• 1902–1904 –Scottish National Antarctic Expedition – led byWilliam Speirs Bruce
• 1903–1905 –Second French Antarctic Expedition – led byJean-Baptiste Charcot
• 1907–1909 –Nimrod Expedition – On 9 January 1909,Ernest Shackleton reached 88° 23 ′S (Farthest South), and on 16 January 1909, ProfessorEdgeworth David reached theSouth Magnetic Pole at (72°25′S155°16′E / 72.417°S 155.267°E /-72.417; 155.267) (mean position)
• 1908–1910 –Third French Antarctic Expedition – led byJean-Baptiste Charcot
• 1910–1912 –Japanese Antarctic Expedition – led byNobu Shirase
• 1910–1912 –Roald Amundsen's South Pole expedition – On 14 December 1911, reached theSouth Pole (90° S)
• 1910–1913 –Terra Nova Expedition – On 17 January 1912,Robert Falcon Scott, reached theSouth Pole (90° S)
• 1911–1913 –Second German Antarctic Expedition – led byWilhelm Filchner
• 1911–1914 –Australasian Antarctic Expedition – led byDouglas Mawson
• 1914–1916 –Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition – led byErnest Shackleton
• 1914–1917 –Ross Sea party – led byAeneas Mackintosh
• 1920–1922 – British Graham Land Expedition – a British expedition toGraham Land led by John Lachlan Cope
• 1921–1922 –Shackleton–Rowett Expedition – led byErnest Shackleton – the last expedition of theHeroic Age of Antarctic Exploration
• 1924–1951 –Discovery Investigations
• 1928 - First aeroplane flight over Antarctica by Hubert Wilkins and Carl Ben Eielson^[11]
• 1929–1931 –British Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition (BANZARE) – led byDouglas Mawson
• 1928–1930 –Richard Evelyn Byrd – First expedition
• 1931 –H. Halvorsen – discoveredPrincess Astrid Coast
• 1931 –Hjalmar Riiser-Larsen – flew over Antarctica, discoveredKronprins Olav Kyst
• 1933–1935 –Richard Evelyn Byrd – Second expedition
• 1933–1939 –Lincoln Ellsworth – Aircraft expedition
• 1934–1937 –British Graham Land Expedition (BGLE) – led byJohn Riddoch Rymill
• 1936 –Lars Christensen – dropped Norwegian flag overPrince Harald Coast
• 1938 -1939 –German Antarctic Expedition (1938–1939), – led by Capt.Alfred Ritscher
• 1939–1941 –United States Antarctic Service Expedition – led byRichard Evelyn Byrd (Byrd's third expedition)
• 1943–1945 –Operation Tabarin – led by LieutenantJames Marr
• 1946–1947 –Operation Highjump – led byRichard Evelyn Byrd (Byrd's fourth expedition)
• 1947 –First Chilean Antarctic Expedition
• 1947–1948 –Operation Windmill – led by CommanderGerald Ketchum
• 1947–1948 –Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition – led byFinn Ronne
• 1948–1949 –Fourth French Antarctic Expedition (shipCommandant Charcot) – led by André-Frank Liotard
• 1949–1951 –Fifth French Antarctic Expedition :Port Martin Station established inAdélie Land – led by André-Frank Liotard
• 1949–1952 –Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition – led byJohn Giaever
• 1950–1952 –Sixth French Antarctic Expedition – led by Michel Barré
• 1951-1953 –Seventh French Antarctic Expedition :Petrel Island Station established in Adélie Land – led by Mario Marret
• 1953 –Esperanza Base established
• 1954 –Mawson Station established
• 1955–1956 –Operation Deep Freeze – led byRichard Evelyn Byrd (Byrd's fifth expedition)
• 1955–1957 – Falkland Island Dependency Aerial Survey led by P G Mott
• 1955–1957 –1st Soviet Antarctic Expedition – led byMikhail Somov
• 1955–1958 –Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition – led byVivian Fuchs (UK); New Zealand support led byEdmund Hillary
• 1956 –Dumont d'Urville Station established
• 1956 –Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station established
• 1956 -McMurdo Station established
• 1956–1958 –2nd Soviet Antarctic Expedition – led byAleksei Treshnikov
• 1957–1958 –International Geophysical Year
• 1957–1958 –New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition
• 1957 –Scott Base established
• 1957–1958 –Luncke Expedition
• 1957–1959 –3rd Soviet Antarctic Expedition – led byYevgeny Tolstikov
• 1958–1959 –New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition
• 1958–1960 –4th Soviet Antarctic Expedition – led byAleksandr Dralkin
• 1959– 1960 –New Zealand Alpine Club Antarctic Expedition - led by Robert Cawley (see NZAJ 1960 p. 253–)
• 1959–1961 –5th Soviet Antarctic Expedition – led byYevgeny Korotkevich
• 1960 –South African National Antarctic Expedition
• 1960–1962 –6th Soviet Antarctic Expedition – led by V. Driatsky
• 1961–1963 –7th Soviet Antarctic Expedition – led byAleksandr Dralkin
• 1962–1962 –Vostok traverse – led byAustralian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE)
• 1962–1963 – New Zealand Federated Mountain Clubs Antarctic Expedition – Led by John M. Millen
• 1962–1964 –8th Soviet Antarctic Expedition – led byMikhail Somov
• 1963–1965 –9th Soviet Antarctic Expedition – led byMikhail Somov andPavel Senko
• 1964–1965 –South Pole—Queen Maud Land Traverse I
• 1964–1966 –10th Soviet Antarctic Expedition – led by M. Ostrekin, I. Petrov
• 1965–1966 –South Pole—Queen Maud Land Traverse II
• 1965–1967 –11th Soviet Antarctic Expedition – led by D. Maksutov,Leonid Dubrovin
• 1965–1965 –Operación 90 – Terrestrial Argentine Expedition to the South Pole Led by Coronel D. Jorge Leal.
• 1966–1968 –12th Soviet Antarctic Expedition – led byPavel Senko andVladislav Gerbovich
• 1966–1967 –New Zealand Antarctic Research Programme Mariner Glacier Northern Party Expedition – led byJohn E S Lawrence
• 1967–1968 –South Pole—Queen Maud Land Traverse III
• 1967–1969 –13th Soviet Antarctic Expedition – led byAleksei Treshnikov
• 1968–1970 –14th Soviet Antarctic Expedition – led by D. Maksutov,Ernst Krenkel
• 1969 –Base Presidente Eduardo Frei Montalva established
• 1969–1970 –New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition
• 1969–1971 –15th Soviet Antarctic Expedition – led byPavel Senko andVladislav Gerbovich
• 1970–1972 –16th Soviet Antarctic Expedition – led by I. Petrov andYury Tarbeyev
• 1971–1973 –17th Soviet Antarctic Expedition – led byYevgeny Korotkevich, V. Averyanov
• 1972–1974 –18th Soviet Antarctic Expedition – led byPavel Senko
• 1973–1975 –19th Soviet Antarctic Expedition – led by D. Maksutov, V. Ignatov
• 1974–1976 –20th Soviet Antarctic Expedition – led by V. Serdyukov, N. Kornilov
• 1975–1977 –21st Soviet Antarctic Expedition – led by O. Sedov, G. Bardin
• 1976–1978 –22nd Soviet Antarctic Expedition – led by N. Tyabin,Leonid Dubrovin
• 1977–1979 –23rd Soviet Antarctic Expedition – led by V. Serdyukov, O. Sedov
• 1978 –Fortín Sargento Cabral established
• 1978–1980 –24th Soviet Antarctic Expedition – led by A. Artemyev, O. Sedov
• 1979 –Air New Zealand Flight 901 – airplane crash
• 1979–1980 –25th Soviet Antarctic Expedition – led by N. Kornilov, N. Tyabin
• 1980–1981 –Transglobe Expedition – led byRanulph Fiennes
• 1980–1982 –26th Soviet Antarctic Expedition – led by V. Serdyukov, V. Shamontyev
• 1981–1983 –27th Soviet Antarctic Expedition – led by D. Maksutov, R. Galkin
• 1981–1982 –First Indian Expedition to Antarctica – led by Dr.Sayed Zahoor Qasim
• 1982 –Falkland Islands War
• 1982–1983 –First Brazilian Expedition to Antarctica –
• 1982–1983 –Second Indian Expedition to Antarctica – led by V. K. Raina
• 1982–1984 –28th Soviet Antarctic Expedition – led by N. Kornilov, A. Artemyev
• 1984 –Villa Las Estrellas established
• 1983–1985 –29th Soviet Antarctic Expedition – led by N. Tyabin, L. Bulatov
• 1983–1985 –Third Indian Expedition to Antarctica
• 1984–1987 – In the Footsteps of Scott – led byRobert Swan
• 1984–1985 –1st Uruguayan Antarctic Expedition – Antarkos I Led by Lt. Col. Omar Porciúncula
• 1984–1986 –30th Soviet Antarctic Expedition – led by D. Maksutov, R. Galkin
• 1985–1987 –31st Soviet Antarctic Expedition – led by N. Tyabin, V. Dubovtsev
• 1986–1988 –32nd Soviet Antarctic Expedition – led by V. Klokov, V. Vovk
• 1987 –Iceberg B-9 calves and carries awayLittle Americas I – III
• 1987–1989 –33rd Soviet Antarctic Expedition – led by N.A. Kornilov, Yu.A. Khabarov
• 1987–1988 –First Bulgarian Antarctic Expedition –St. Kliment Ohridski Base established
• 1988–1990 –34th Soviet Antarctic Expedition – led by S.M. Pryamikov, L.V. Bulatov
• 1988–1989 – South Pole Overland. Patriot Hills to South Pole. First commercial Ski expedition to South Pole. 1200 km, 50 days – led byMartyn Williams^[12]
• 1989–1990 – Antarctic crossing on foot byReinhold Messner andArved Fuchs. 2800 km. 92 days
• 1989–1990 –1990 International Trans-Antarctica Expedition – led by AmericanWill Steger and FrenchmanJean-Louis Étienne, first un-mechanized crossing – 6,021 km, 220-days^[13]
• 1989–1991 –35th Soviet Antarctic Expedition – led by V.M. Piguzov
• 1990 –1st North Korean Antarctic Expedition^[14]
• 1990 – Snotsicle Traverse Ski expedition – South Pole to Ross Sea inland edge viaScott Glacier. 9 611 km in 35 days– led byMartyn Williams^[15]
• 1990–1991 –2nd North Korean Antarctic Expedition^[14]
• 1991 – Serap Z. Tilav, aUS Antarctic Program field team member, became the firstTurkish woman at the South Pole.^[16]
• 1991–1992 –36th Soviet Antarctic Expedition – led byLev Savatyugin
• 1992–1993 – American Women's Antarctic Expedition- AWE. First team of women to ski to the South Pole:Ann Bancroft,Sunniva Sorby, Anne DalVera, Sue Giller- 67 days
• 1992–1993 –British Polar Plod – led byRanulph Fiennes withMike Stroud (physician), first unassisted expedition crossing the continent by ski, (2,173 km in 95 days)
• 1992–1993 –Erling Kagge (Norway), first unassisted, and first solo expedition to the South Pole by ski, (1,310 km in 53 days)
• 1992–1993 –Antarctic Environmental Research Expedition – led byKenji Yoshikawa
• 1994 –Liv Arnesen (Norway), first unassisted woman to the South Pole by ski, (1,200 km in 50 days)
• 1994 – Cato Zahl Pedersen (Norway) becomes the first person with no arms to ski to the South Pole (1400 km from Berkner Island), together with Lars Ebbesen and Odd Harald Hauge
• 1995 – "A Pole at the Poles" –Marek Kamiński solo expedition to the South Pole fromBerkner Island (1,400 km in 53 days);
• 1995–1996 – Bernard Voyer and Thierry Pétry unassisted expedition to the South Pole by ski
• 1996 –Lake Vostok discovered
• 1996–1997 – "Solo TransAntarctica" –Marek Kamiński attempted solo crossing of Antarctica (1,450 km);
• 1996–1997 –Børge Ousland (Norway) first person to travel across Antarctica solo. The crossing went from coast to coast, from Berkner Island to the Ross Sea, and was unsupported (without resupplies). He used a kite as traction for parts of the expedition. 63 days, 3,000 km
• 1997–1998 – Peter Treseder, Keith Williams & Ian Brown become the first Australians to ski unsupported (no sail) to the South Geographic Pole, 1317 km in 59 days from Berkner Island, 2Nov-31Dec, flown out by ANI.^[17]
• 1998–1999 –Eric Philips, Jon Muir and Peter Hillary pioneer a new route from Ross Island to the South Pole through the Transantarctic Mountains via theShackleton thenZaneveld glaciers. The expedition covers 1425 km in 84 days setting off 4 November 1998 and arriving 26 January 1999. The team were not able to complete their original objective of completing the first unassisted return journey to the South Pole.

• 2000–2001– Norwegian Liv Arnesen and the American Ann Bancroft crossed Antarctica on ski-sail from Blue 1 Runaway 13 November reaching after 94 days of expeditionMcMurdo Station, passing through the South Pole.^[18]
• 2001–2002 – First and longest sea kayak expedition by New Zealanders Graham Charles, Marcus Waters and Mark Jones paddle unsupported fromHope Bay toAdelaide Island in 35 days.
• 2004 – Scot100 First ever Scottish Expedition to South Pole^[19] began in October 2004 – a century after a historic expedition led byWilliam Speirs Bruce, Edinburgh's "unknown" explorer, whoCraig Mathieson views as "truly the greatest polar explorer of all time".
• 2004 – Together to the Pole – a Polish four-man expedition led byMarek Kamiński, withJan Mela (a teenage doubleamputee, who in the same year reached also theNorth Pole)
• 2004–2005 –Chilean South Pole Expedition.
• 2004–2005 –Tangra 2004/05 createdCamp Academia.
• 2005 –Ice Challenger Expedition travelled to the South Pole in a six-wheeled vehicle.^[20]
• 2005–2006 –Spanish Trans-Antarctic Expedition, led by Ramon Larramendi, reached theSouthern Pole of Inaccessibility using kite-sleds.^[21]
• 2005-2006 – Construction of theSouth Pole Traverse completed
• 2006 –Hannah McKeand sets coast-to-pole solo/unsupported record of 39 days, 9 hours and 33 minutes^[22]
• 2006–2007 – Jenny andRay Jardine 57-day ski trek to South Pole^[23]
• 2007 –Pat Falvey leads an Irish team to reach the South Pole, skiing 1140 km only weeks after completing an unsupported Ski traverse of the Greenland Ice Cap in August 2007 in honour of Irish Polar Explorers such asErnest Shackleton and Tom Crean. Clare O'Leary becomes the first Irish female to reach the South Pole.
• 2007-2008 -First African unsupported and unassisted walk to the South Pole. South Africans Alex Harris and Sibusiso Vilane spent 65 days walking from Hercules Inlet.
• 2007–2008 –Norwegian-U.S. Scientific Traverse of East Antarctica.^[24]
• 2007–2008 – British Army Antarctic Expedition 2007–2008^[25]
• 2007–2008 – Verden Vakreste Skitur. Randi Skaug, Kristin Moe-Krohn and Anne-Mette Nørregaard skied unsupported from Patriot Hills across The Sentinel range to Vinson Massif to climb Mount Vinson^[26]
• 2008 –Todd Carmichael sets coast-to-pole solo/unsupported record of 39 days, 7 hours and 49 minutes^[27]
• 2008 –First Venezuelan Scientific Expedition to Antarctica.
• 2008–2009 – The Antarctica Challenge – Canada-USInternational Polar Year documentary film production expedition led byMark Terry.^[28]
• 2008–2009 – Impossible 2 Possible (i2P) unsupported South Pole quest byRay Zahab,Kevin Vallely andRichard Weber.^[29]
• 2009 –Azerbaijan Scientific Expedition,Huseyngulu Baghirov andTarlan Ramazanov became the firstMuslims andTurks to reach the South Pole on foot.^[30][31]
• 2009 –Kaspersky Commonwealth Antarctic Expedition, largest and most international group of women to ski to South Pole.
• 2009 –Second Venezuelan Scientific Expedition to Antarctica.
• 2009–2010 – Unsupported/Unassisted Antarctica Ski Traverse from Berkner Island to South Pole to Ross Sea byCecilie Skog and Ryan Waters.
• 2010 – Moon Regan Transantarctic Crossing, first wheeled transantarctic crossing and firstbio-fuelled vehicle to travel to the South Pole.^[32]
• 2010 –Third Venezuelan Scientific Expedition to Antarctica.
• 2011 –Fourth Venezuelan Scientific Expedition to Antarctica.
• 2011–2012 – From Novolazarevskaya to Pole of Inaccessibility to South Pole to Hercules inlet bySebastian Copeland and Eric McNair Landry by kites and skis.^[33]
• 2011–2012 – Scott Amundsen Centenary Race – Henry Worsley andLouis Rudd ski 1,300 km (800 mi) unsupported along the original route of Amundsen from the Bay of Whales up the Axel Heiberg to the SP racing against Mark Langridge, Vic Vicary and Kev Johnson completing Capt Scott's original route.
• 2011–2012 –British Services Antarctic Expedition 2012^[34]
• 2011–2012 – Expedition byRamon Hernando de Larramendi, byInuit WindSled.^[35]
• 2012 –Felicity Aston becomes the first person to ski alone acrossAntarctica using only personal muscle power, as well as the first woman to cross Antarctica alone.^[36][37] Her journey began on 25 November 2011, at theLeverett Glacier, and continued for 59 days and a distance of 1,744 km (1,084 mi).^[38]
• 2012 –Fifth Venezuelan Scientific Expedition to Antarctica.
• 2012–2013 – Aaron Linsdau becomes the second American to ski solo from the Hercules Inlet to the South Pole. His original plan was to make a round trip but through a series of problems, like all other expeditions this year, was unable to make the return journey.^[39]
• 2012 –Eric Larsen attempts a bicycle ride from coast to South Pole. Completes a quarter of the distance.
• 2012 –Grant Korgan becomes the first person with a spinal cord injury to literally "push" himself to the geographic South Pole!^{[40][41][42][43][44]}
• 2012–2013 – Shackleton's centenary re-enactment expedition of the journey of theJames Caird aboard the replicaAlexandra Shackleton. Six British and Australian Explorers completed the "double journey" on 10 February 2013 after the 1,300-kilometre (800 mi) journey from Elephant Island to South Georgia and the mountain crossing.^[45]
• 2013 –Sixth Venezuelan Scientific Expedition to Antarctica.
• 2013–2014 –Ben Saunders andTarka L'Herpiniere make the first ever completion of theTerra Nova Expedition first taken byRobert Falcon Scott in January 1912. Their 2,898-kilometre (1,801 mi), 105-day return journey to the South Pole is the longest ever polar journey on foot.^[46]
• 2013 –Parker Liautaud and Douglas Stoup attempt in December 2013 theWillis Resilience Expedition^[47] to set a "coast to Pole" speed record^[48] by reaching the geographicalSouth Pole on skis in the fastest journey ever recorded from an interior of continent start while being followed by a support vehicle.
• 2013 –Antony Jinman will walk to the South Pole solo for the 2013 ETE Teachers South Pole Mission, during which he will be in daily contact with schoolchildren from across the United Kingdom and will make films using the world's first drone flights at the South Pole.
• 2013 –Maria Leijerstam becomes the first person to cycle from the Antarctic coast to South Pole. She also set the human powered speed record in 10 days, 14 hours and 56 minutes.
• 2013–2014 – Lewis Clarke (aged 16 years and 61 days) guided by Carl Alvey (aged 30) became the youngest person to trek from the Antarctic coast at Hercules Inlet to the South Pole. His expedition was in support of the Prince's Trust and his achievement is recognised by Guinness World Records.
• 2013–2014 – Married couple Christine (Chris) Fagan and Marty Fagan became the first American married couple (and second married couple in history) to complete a full unguided, unsupported, unassisted ski from the Antarctic coast to the South Pole. They join just over 100 people in history who have traveled to the South Pole in this manner. Their expedition took 48 days. Their achievement is recognized by Guinness World Records.
• 2013–2014 –Daniel P. Burton completes the first bicycle ride from coast to the South Pole.
• 2013–2014 –Chris Turney led an expedition, entitled "Spirit of Mawson", aimed at highlighting the decline in sea ice due toclimate change. The expedition was abandoned when its Russian ship became stuck in unusually large amounts of sea ice.
• 2013–2014 –Geoff Wilson using a snow kite completed a solo unsupported crossing beginning near the Russian Novolazarevskaya Station and finishing at Hercules Inlet, breaking the record for the fastest coast to coast and fastest unsupported solo crossing (3428 km, 53 Days)^[49][50]
• 2013 – In December 2013 the Expeditions 7 Team led by Scott Brady made a successful east-to-west crossing in four-wheel drive vehicles from Novolazarevskaya to the Ross Ice Shelf via the Scott-Amundsen South Pole Station. Expeditions 7's logistic plan included providing assistance to theWalking With The Wounded expedition, which was required at latitude 88°S. From the Ross Ice Shelf the Expeditions 7 team returned to Novolazarevskaya via the same route.
• 2014 –Turkish scientist Yakup Çelik became the first citizen representingTürkiye to reach the South Pole.^[51]
• 2015–2016 –Luke Robertson (UK) becomes the first Scot – and the first person with an artificial pacemaker – to ski solo, unsupported (no resupply) and unassisted (no kiting) from the coast of Antarctica (Hercules Inlet) to the South Pole.^[52]
• 2015–2016 –Henry Worsley died while attempting to complete the first solo and unaided crossing of the Antarctic.^[53]
• 2016 – FirstHomeward Bound expedition, then the largest all-women expedition to Antarctica.^[54]
• 2016–2017 –Malgorzata Wojtaczka – 52 years old Polish, after 69 days completes solo-unaided-unsupported expedition from Hercules Inlet to the South Pole.
• 2016–2017 –Spear17, a six-man team from the British Army Reserves successfully completed a full traverse of Antarctica. They set off on 16 November from Hercules Inlet, arrived at the South Pole on Christmas Day, and completed a full traverse reaching Ross Ice Shelf on 20 January 2017. The aim of the expedition was to raise the profile of the army reservists, and to honour the memory of fellow explorer Henry Worsley. The team was led by Captain Louis Rudd,MBE^[55][56]
• 2016–2017 –Eric Philips (guide), Keith Tuffley and Rob Smith ski a new route to the South Pole from the Ross Ice Shelf through the Transantarctic Mountains following theReedy Glacier. The expedition covers 605 km in 33 days setting off 8 December 2017 and arriving 10 January 2017.
• 2016–2017 – On 7 FebruaryMike Horn completes first ever solo, unsupported north-to-south traverse of Antarctica from the Princess Astrid Coast (lat −70.1015 lon 9.8249) to the Dumont D'urville Station (lat −66.6833 lon 139.9167) via the South Pole. He arrived at the pole on 7 February 2017. A total distance of 5100 km was covered utilizing kites and skis in 57 days.^[57]
• 2016–2017 –Eric Philips (guide), Heath Jamieson (guide), Jade Hameister, Paul Hameister and Ming D'Arcy ski a new route to the South Pole from the Ross Ice Shelf through the Transantarctic Mountains following theReedy Glacier thenKansas Glacier. The expedition covers 605 km in 33 days, setting off 6 December 2017 and arriving 11 January 2018.
• 2017–2018 – Astrid Forhold (Norway), supported by Jan Sverre Sivertsen, skies the longest part of the originalRoald Amundsen route from Bay of Whales to the South Pole.^{[citation needed]}
• 2018 –Colin O'Brady (USA) completed an unsupported (no resupplies or supply drops) solo crossing of Antarctica (not including the ice shelves). He started inland at the end of theRonne Ice Shelf on 3 November 2018, passed through the South Pole and arrived inland at the start of theRoss Ice Shelf on 26 December 2018.^[58][59][60] Louis Rudd (UK), who started on the same day as Brady and took a similar route, completed his unsupported solo trek two days later, arriving at Ross Ice Shelf on 28 December 2018^[61]
• 2018–2019 – On 13 January,Matthieu Tordeur [fr] (France) becomes the first French and youngest in the world (27 years and 40 days) to ski solo, unsupported (no resupply) and unassisted (no kiting) from the coast of Antarctica (Hercules Inlet) to the South Pole.^[62]
• 2019 – SD 1020, anunmanned surface vehicle (USV) designed by British engineerRichard Jenkins ofSaildrone, Inc. in Alameda, CA, completed the first autonomous circumnavigation of Antarctica, sailing 22,000 km (12,000 nmi) through the Southern Ocean in 196 days, from 19 January 2019 to 3 August 2019. The vehicle was deployed and retrieved fromBluff, New Zealand.^[63]
• 2019 – The firsthuman-powered transit (by rowing) across theDrake Passage was accomplished on 25 December 2019, by captainFiann Paul (Iceland), first mateColin O'Brady (US),Andrew Towne (US), Cameron Bellamy (South Africa), Jamie Douglas-Hamilton (UK) and John Petersen (US).^[64]
• 2019–2020 –Anja Blacha completes the longest solo, unsupported, unassisted polar expedition by a woman, skiing fromBerkner Island to the South Pole^[65][66]
• 2019-2020 Wendy Searle becomes the seventh woman to ski solo unsupported from theHercules Inlet to the pole^[65][67]
• 2019–2020 –Mollie Hughes skied fromHercules Inlet to the pole, travelling 1,130 km (702 mi).^[68]
• 2019-2020 -Geoff Wilson using skiis and a snowkite completed a loop of 5,306 km from Thor's Hammer near Novolazarevskaya and returned to Novolazarevskaya being the first person to summit Dome Argus, the highest point on the Antarctic Plateau, solo and unsupported (Dome A, 80.3667oS, 77.3500E) (2019),^[69] becoming the first Australian to reach the Pole of Inaccessibility in Antarctica (2019)^[70] and setting the record for the longest solo unsupported crossing of Antarctica.^[71][72]
• 2021–2022 –Preet Chandi, a British Sikh army officer, became the firstwoman of colour to reach the south pole unassisted.^[73]

• 1959 –Antarctic Treaty System
• 1964 –Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora
• 1978 –Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals
• 1982 –Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources
• 1988 –Convention on the Regulation of Antarctic Mineral Resource Activities
• 1998 –Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty

• Savatyugin, L. M.; Preobrazhenskaya, M. A. (1999).Российские исследования в Антарктике [Russian Exploration of Antarctica] (in Russian). Saint Petersburg: Gidrometeoizdat, Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI), Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring of Russian Federation (Roshydromet).ISBN 5-286-01265-5.
• "Soviet Antarctic Expedition".Information Bulletin. Amsterdam: Elsevier Pub. Co. 1958–1974.ISSN 0038-5271.
• 'Extreme South' Struggles & triumph of the first Australian team to the Pole by Ian Brown, Published by Australian Geographic 1999.ISBN 1 86276 031 4.

• Headland, Robert K. (2009).A Chronology of Antarctic Expeditions. A synopsis of events and activities from the earliest times until the International Polar Years, 2007-09.Bernard Quaritch Ltd.ISBN 978-0955085284
• Landis, Marilyn J. (2003).Antarctica: Exploring the Extreme: 400 Years of Adventure. Chicago Review Press.ISBN 1-55652-480-3

• Fram.museum.no, map of Antarctic Expeditions 1772 – 1931 atThe Fram Museum (Frammuseet)
• SPRI.cam.ac.uk, index to Antarctic Expeditions at the Scott Polar Research Institute's website
• Antarctic Expeditions, information about some of them from the British Antarctic Survey
• Antarctic-circle.org, Chronologies and Timelines of Antarctic Exploration
• Antarctic Exploration Timeline, animated map of Antarctic exploration and settlement
• Listen to Ernest Shackleton describing his 1908South Pole Expedition, and read more about the recording on [australianscreen online].
• The recording describing Shackleton's 1908 South Pole Expedition was added to theNational Film and Sound Archive'sSounds of Australia Registry in 2007
• Before she’s lost to decay on the West Coast, former Antarctica researchers in Maine want to save their storied 'Hero'Archived 30 December 2019 at theWayback Machine. Portland Magazine. 8 November 2012

• Antarctic expeditions
• Antarctica-related lists
• Lists of expeditions

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