| Lisoish | |
|---|---|
| Central Loloish | |
| Geographic distribution | SouthernChina,Vietnam |
| Linguistic classification | Sino-Tibetan |
| Language codes | |
| Glottolog | liso1234 |
TheLisoish languages are a branch of theLoloish languages proposed by Ziwo Lama (2012) that includesLisu and several of theYi languages. David Bradley (1997)[1] considers Lisoish languages to be part of theCentral Loloish branch.
David Bradley (2007)[2] considersLisu,Lipo, andLamu to form aLisoid subgroup.
Other Lisoish languages are:
The following two of the sixYi languages (fangyan 方言) officially recognized by the Chinese government belong to Lama's Lisoish clade. (The remaining four areNisoish.)
Names forLolopo varieties include Enipu 厄尼蒲, Qiangyi 羌夷, Tuzu 土族, and Xiangtang 香堂.[3]
Chen (2010) lists the following dialects for "Lolo" (倮倮) languages, which corresponds to Lama's (2012) Lisoish clade. The position ofLisu is not addressed. Also listed are the counties where each respective dialect is spoken.
Below is a classification of the Lisoish languages by Hsiu (2016) based on a phylogenetic analysis of selected lexical isoglosses.[4]
TheChuxiong Prefecture Ethnic Gazetteer (2013:364)[5] lists the following cognate percentages betweenLolopo 罗罗濮 and other Yi languages in Chuxiong Prefecture.
Yang, et al. (2017)[6] lists the following languages as part of theTaloid branch, whose speakers are descendants of soldiers sent by theNanzhao Kingdom from theDali region to be stationed in northwestern Yunnan. Taloid languages are most closely related toLalo,Lolopo, andLipo, all of which share thelexical innovation a¹toL for 'fire'. They are spoken primarily inYongsheng County andHeqing County.Popei 泼佩 is spoken inHuaping County, whileGomotage is spoken inEryuan County.
Tazhi of Puwei Township 普威镇, northernMiyi County 米易县,Sichuan may also be a Taloid language.
Cathryn Yang (2010:7)[7] also suggests thatWotizo (wɔ21 ti33 zɔ21) ofMidu County may probably be related toLolo (Lolopo).
Cathryn Yang (2010)[7] lists the following 4 languages as peripheralLalo languages. Hsiu (2017)[8] suggests thatAlu is also likely a peripheral Lalo language.
Bradley (2007) reports the moribund languageSamatu as aLaloid language.
Tulao (土老) ofJinping County (spoken in the 2 villages of Yugadi 鱼嘎底,[9] Xinzhai Village 新寨村, Mengqiao Township勐桥乡; and Laowangzhai 老王寨,[10] Qingjiao Village 箐脚村, Dazhai Township大寨乡) may fit in the Lisoish branch, although this is uncertain due to lack of data.[8]
Other languages that may be Lisoish include (see alsoList of lesser-known Loloish languages):
Lolopo varieties:
Below areautonyms ofCentral Yi (彝语中部方言) speakers as listed in theYunnan Province Ethnic Minority Languages Gazetteer (1997) (云南省志：少数民族语言文字志; p. 57):
Lama (2012) lists the following sound changes fromProto-Loloish as Lisoish innovations.
Sino-Tibetan branches | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WesternHimalayas (Himachal, Uttarakhand,Nepal,Sikkim) |
|  | |||
| EasternHimalayas (Tibet,Bhutan,Arunachal) | |||||
| Myanmar and Indo- Burmese border |
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| East andSoutheast Asia |
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| Dubious (possible isolates,Arunachal) |
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| Proposed groupings | |||||
| Proto-languages | |||||
Italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches. | |||||