Lincoln Chafee | |
|---|---|
 Official Senate portrait | |
| 74thGovernor of Rhode Island | |
| In office January 4, 2011 – January 6, 2015 | |
| Lieutenant | Elizabeth Roberts |
| Preceded by | Donald Carcieri |
| Succeeded by | Gina Raimondo |
| United States Senator fromRhode Island | |
| In office November 2, 1999 – January 3, 2007 | |
| Preceded by | John Chafee |
| Succeeded by | Sheldon Whitehouse |
| Mayor ofWarwick | |
| In office January 1, 1993 – November 1, 1999 | |
| Preceded by | Charles Donovan |
| Succeeded by | Scott Avedisian |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Lincoln Davenport Chafee (1953-03-26)March 26, 1953 (age 72) Providence, Rhode Island, U.S. |
| Political party | Republican (before 2007) Independent (2007–2013) Democratic (2013–2019) Libertarian (2019–present) |
| Spouse | |
| Children | 3, includingLouisa |
| Education | Brown University (BA) |
| Website | Campaign website |
Chafee supporting aPAYGO-related amendment to the FY2006 budget resolution. Recorded March 16, 2005 | |
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Presidential campaigns
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Lincoln Davenport Chafee (/ˈtʃeɪfiː/CHAY-fee; born March 26, 1953) is an American politician who served as the 74thGovernor of Rhode Island from 2011 to 2015. He previously served asUnited States Senator from 1999 to 2007, and as mayor ofWarwick, Rhode Island from 1993 to 1999. A member of theLibertarian Party since 2019, he previously was aRepublican until 2007, anindependent from 2007 to 2013, and aDemocrat from 2013 to 2019.[1][2] He is the last non-Democrat to hold statewide and/or Congressional office in Rhode Island.
The son of Republican politicianJohn Chafee, who was the 66th Governor of Rhode Island, theUnited States Secretary of the Navy, and a U.S. Senator from Rhode Island, Lincoln Chafee's first elected office was as a member of the Warwick City Council in 1985. After John Chafee died in 1999, Lincoln Chafee was appointed to fill his father's seat in the U.S. Senate to which he wona full term in 2000.
Chafee was the only Republican in the Senate to vote againstauthorization of the use of force in Iraq in the lead-up to theIraq War. He was defeated in his2006 reelection bid by DemocratSheldon Whitehouse. Chafee subsequently shifted his affiliation towards the Democratic Party by first endorsingBarack Obama in the2008 presidential election, running as anindependent for Governor of Rhode Island in2010, serving as the co-chair of Obama's2012 re-election campaign, and then finally officially switching his registration to the Democratic Party in May 2013. In March 2019, he switched his political affiliation again to theLibertarian Party.
In 2015, he sought nomination to become the Democratic Partycandidate in the2016 presidential election, but withdrew prior to theprimaries. In January 2020, Chafee filed torun again for president, this time seeking theLibertarian nomination. Chafee withdrew his candidacy on April 5, 2020, and announced he would instead focus on helping "other Libertarians seeking office."
Lincoln Davenport Chafee was born on March 26, 1953, inProvidence, Rhode Island, the son of Virginia (née Coates) andJohn Chafee.[3] Chafee's great-great-grandfatherHenry Lippitt wasGovernor of Rhode Island. Among his great-great-uncles are Rhode Island GovernorCharles Warren Lippitt and United States SenatorHenry Frederick Lippitt. His great-uncleZechariah Chafee was aHarvard law professor and a notablecivil libertarian. The Chafee family was among the earliest settlers ofHingham, Massachusetts, before moving south to Rhode Island.[4]
He attendedpublic schools inWarwick, Rhode Island,Providence Country Day School, as well as later,Phillips Academy. AtBrown University, Chafee captained thewrestling team, and in 1975 earned a Bachelor of Arts inclassics. He then attendedMontana State University's non-degree Farrier School (a sixteen-weekhorseshoeing program) inBozeman. For the next seven years, he worked as afarrier atharness racetracks in the United States and Canada. One of the horses he shod, Overburden, set the track record atNorthlands Park inEdmonton.[5] In describing how his time as a farrier affected him, Chafee stated that "when you're around horses, you tend to be a quieter person."[6]
Chafee entered politics in 1985, when he was elected over eight other candidates to become delegate to the Rhode Island Constitutional Convention. A year later, he was elected to the Warwick City Council, defeating an incumbent, and re-elected in 1988. He ran forWarwick Mayor in 1990, losing by 5 percent in a three-way race.
In 1992, he was elected Warwick's first Republican mayor in 32 years, and was re-elected in 1994, 1996, and 1998, when he won by 17% and carried all nine wards.
Chafee was praised for his fair-minded and sensible approach to government, including his ability to work with seven Democrats (of nine seats) on the Warwick City Council. He conservatively managed the city's finances, strengthening the city's bond rating and paying down the outstanding pension liability.
He worked effectively and cooperatively with the municipal unions, especially in settling a difficult and prolonged teacher labor dispute that he inherited from the previous administration.[7]
As mayor, Chafee made conservation, environmental protection, and wise growth a priority. He purchased 130 acres of open space, planted hundreds of street trees, and created new historic districts and a new economic development "intermodal" district at the state airport. His municipal composting and recycling initiatives dramatically decreased landfill waste. His "Greenwich Bay Initiative", which extended sewer service to the most environmentally-sensitive areas of the city, earned Warwick recognition by EPA as one of the best local watershed programs in the nation.[8]
After his father John announced he would not seek re-election in 2000, Lincoln Chafee announced he would run for the seat.[9] When the elder Chafee died suddenly in October 1999, GovernorLincoln Almond appointed the younger Chafee to serve out the term.
In the general election he faced theDemocratic nominee, then-U.S. RepresentativeRobert Weygand. Chafee won the election 57%–41%.
In September 2005,Steve Laffey, the mayor ofCranston, Rhode Island, announced his intention to run against Chafee in the Republicanprimary election. Among other stances differing from those of Chafee, Mayor Laffey opposed abortion andstem cell research. Laffey was supported by notable conservative groups, including theClub for Growth and several anti-abortion groups. Chafee went on to defeat Laffey in the primary on September 12 by a margin of 53%–47%. The turnout for the Republican primary was the largest in Rhode Island history. In his victory speech, Chafee credited independent voters and disaffiliated Democrats for his victory.[10]
Chafee lost to Whitehouse in the general election, 54%–46%. In response to a question at a news conference on November 9, 2006, Chafee stated he was unsure whether he would remain in theRepublican Party after serving out the remainder of his term. According to Michelle R. Smith of theAssociated Press, when asked whether he felt that his loss may have helped the country by switching control of power in Congress (away from Republicans and toward the Democrats), he replied: "To be honest, yes."[11]
Descended from a long line of moderate, center-right New England Republicans, Chafee's stances became increasingly liberal, more so than his father's positions had been. The now dominantconservatives referred to him as a "Republican In Name Only", or RINO. Most notable among these wasHuman Events magazine, which named Chafee "the No. 1 RINO in the country."[12] In 2006, theNational Journal rated Chafee as the most liberal Republican in the Senate, and placed him to the left of two Democrats,Nebraska'sBen Nelson andLouisiana'sMary Landrieu.[13]GovTrack also ranked Senator Chafee as the most liberal Republican member in 2006; according to GovTrack's analysis, Chafee was to the left of his Republican colleagues as well as to the left of fourteen Democrats.[14]
Known for often disagreeing with the Republican Party leadership, Chafee says he did not cast his ballot for PresidentGeorge W. Bush in the2004 election, instead choosing towrite in former presidentGeorge H. W. Bush as a nod to the Republican Party of his father.[15] Chafee frequently criticized the younger Bush's record on theenvironment, and expressed concern about the 2004 Republicanplatform and overall philosophical direction of the party. He described the younger Bush's presidency as "an agenda of energizing thefar-right-wingbase, which is divisive."[16] Soon thereafter, he rejected Democratic overtures to leave the Republican Party after appeals to him from other Republicansenators to remain in their caucus.[17] Chafee considered challenging George W. Bush for re-nomination in theNew Hampshire primary in 2004 on an anti- (Iraq and Afghanistan) war platform. In his autobiography,Against the Tide (2007), he states that "In the fall of 2003, part of me thought it was cowardly to oppose the president on so many issues and then not oppose him head-on as he sought renomination." However, he decided not to run after the capture ofSaddam Hussein on December 13, 2003.[18]
Chafee also voted against both the 2001 and 2003 congressional budget bills that cut and/or rebated individuals' federal income taxes. He asserted that tax cuts reduce revenue to the federal government, thereby worsening the federal budget deficit and increasing the amount of money it has to borrow in order to operate. In 2004, Chafee broke with his party again to oppose the acceleration of the Bush tax cuts. "Four Senate moderates --John McCain of Arizona,Olympia J. Snowe andSusan Collins, both of Maine, and Lincoln Chafee of Rhode Island -- had insisted on attaching a provision that would have applied pay-as-you-go-rules for the next five years."[19]
On November 17, 2005, he voted in favor of reinstating the topfederal income tax rate of 39.6% (which last existed under PresidentBill Clinton in the 1990s) on the highest-income taxpayers.
In 2003, Chafee voted against theMedicare Part Dprescription drug expansion. However, Chafee also cast a crucial procedural vote against a Democratic attempt to kill that bill, which failed by only two votes.[20] Chafee also co-sponsored theClass Action Fairness Act of 2005, which expanded federal jurisdiction over class-action lawsuits, and voted against a wholesale ban on gifts from employees of lobbying companies.[21]
TheCato Institute's Center for Trade Policy Studies identified Chafee as a "free trader" during his U.S. Senate tenure, indicating a pro-free trade, pro-market, and anti-subsidies voting record.[22][23] Chafee has supportedfree trade agreements (e.g.,North American Free Trade Agreement andDominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA)[24] andbankruptcy reform.
As U.S. Senator from Rhode Island, Chafee received grades of D in 2000, C− in 2001, C in 2002, C− in 2003 and 2004, and D in 2005 and 2006 from theNational Taxpayers Union, aconservativetaxpayers advocacy organization.[25]
Chafee was one of the few Republicans to vote against allowing drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, and was a member of theRepublicans for Environmental Protection. He has been endorsed throughout his career by the Sierra Club and the League of Conservative Voters as a strong leader for environmental causes, despite criticisms from other progressive activist groups decrying the endorsement of a (then) Republican.[26]
Chafee sponsored theSmall Business Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act of 2002, enabling the clean up and redevelopment of thousands of abandoned urban buildings throughout the United States.[27]
Chafee was a member of theRepublican Majority for Choice andRepublicans for Choice. Chafee was also a member of theRepublican Main Street Partnership.
Chafee ispro-choice.[28] In 2003, Chafee was one of the three Republican Senators to oppose thePartial-Birth Abortion Ban Act. His 2006 senatorial re-election bid was endorsed byNARAL Pro-Choice America. He also supported federal funding forembryonic stem cell research.
In 2004, Chafee was one of six Republicans to vote against theFederal Marriage Amendment, an amendment intended to ban gay marriage; in 2006, he voted against banning gay marriage a second time.[29][30] During his tenure, Chafee was the only sitting or former Republican senator to support the legalization ofsame-sex marriage, untilRob Portman ofOhio endorsed it in 2013.[31]
He supportedaffirmative action andgun control, and was one of only two Republicans to vote against theProtection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act (which preventsfirearms manufacturers anddealers from being held liable for crimes committed with their products). On June 27, 2006, Chafee was one of only three Republicans to vote against the proposedFlag Desecration Amendment.
Chafee opposes thedeath penalty, and has consistently voted against limiting death penalty appeals in federal cases. He has also favored includingracial statistics in death penalty appeals, and makingDNA analysis a prerequisite for any federal-level, criminal executions.
On May 23, 2005, Chafee was one of14 bipartisan senators to forge a compromise on the Democrats' use of the judicialfilibuster, forestalling the Republican leadership's implementation of the so-called "nuclear option". Under the agreement, the Democrats would retain the power to filibuster a Bush II judicial nominee only in an "extraordinary circumstance", and three of the most conservative Bushappellate court nominees (Janice Rogers Brown,Priscilla Owen andWilliam Pryor) would receive a vote by the full Senate. Chafee was the only Republican to oppose George W. Bush's nomination ofSamuel Alito to theUnited States Supreme Court. However, he voted to end debate on the nomination, helping to end any chance of a Democratic filibuster of it.[32] Chafee did not announce his opposition to the nomination until a majority of Senators had already publicly said they would support Alito.[33]
Chafee was the only Republican in the Senate to vote against authorization ofthe use of force in Iraq in the lead-up to theIraq War. On June 22, 2006, he was the only Republican to vote for the Levin amendment calling for a nonbinding timetable for a withdrawal ofUS troops fromIraq.[34] Chafee voted against theKerry-Feingold amendment calling for a binding timetable.
Chafee is now involved inJ Street, a liberal Jewish group that calls for Israel to withdraw from all occupied territories and advocates for a "two state" solution to theArab–Israeli conflict.
In November 2006, immediately following the midterm elections, Chafee joined key Democrats in opposing President Bush's renomination ofJohn Bolton asUnited States Ambassador to the United Nations. On December 4, 2006, the White House announced that Bolton would no longer seek the appointment, and would resign within a matter of weeks.
In December 2006, Chafee announced he was accepting a fellowship to serve as a "distinguished visiting fellow" at Brown University's Thomas J. Watson Jr. Institute for International Studies. The university had Chafee lead a student group studying U.S. foreign policy.[37]
In September 2007, Chafee officially left the Republican Party, changing his affiliation to Independent. He said that he did so because of the Republican Party's drifting away from its core values, such as its abandoning fiscal conservatism. Citing the party's new tendency to pass tax cuts without spending cuts to balance the loss of revenue, he noted how the party was destroying social programs aimed to help middle-class and lower-income Americans, particularlyPell Grants andHead Start.[38] In February 2008, he said he was considering voting for then-SenatorBarack Obama in Rhode Island'sDemocratic presidential primary election.[39] On February 14, 2008, with the Rhode Island Democratic primary approaching in three weeks, Chafee officially endorsed Obama.[40] In 2012, he was one of 35 co-chairs selected to "act as key surrogates and ambassadors" for Obama's re-election campaign.[41]
In 2008, Chafee joined the advisory board ofJ Street, a lobbying group that promotes diplomatic relations between Israel and its neighbors, and supports an independentPalestinian state.[42]
In September 2008, Chafee received media attention for describingSarah Palin, then-Governor of Alaska and the Republican vice-presidential nominee in the2008 presidential election, as a "cocky wacko."[43]
On January 4, 2010, Chafee formally declared his intention to run for Governor of Rhode Island in 2010 as an independent,[44] as the incumbent GovernorDonald Carcieri (a Republican re-elected the same day Chafee lost his Senate re-election bid) wasterm-limited at the time. On October 31, 2010, electoral analysis siteFiveThirtyEight.com gave Chafee a 63.8% chance of victory, compared to Democratic opponentFrank T. Caprio's 26.2% and Republican opponentJohn Robitaille's 10.0%.[45] Likewise, other sites, such as theCook Political Report, classified the race as a "toss-up".[46] Chafee's approval rating at the time of his 2006 defeat was between 51% and 63%.[47][48]
On September 16, 2010, New York City MayorMichael Bloomberg (who had also switched from Republican to Independent to Democratic in recent years) traveled to Rhode Island. Bloomberg praised Chafee's "experience and integrity", saying that Chafee would put Rhode Islanders' interests "ahead of party interests", and that Chafee would "produce results -— because that's exactly what he did as a mayor and as senator."[49]
It was reported that President Obama's lack of endorsement of any of the candidates indicated tacit support of Chafee over Democrat Caprio.[50]
Chafee easily won the endorsements of all major public school teachers unions, including the Rhode Island affiliates of theNational Education Association[51] andAmerican Federation of Teachers[52] in his 2010 gubernatorial campaign.
On November 2, 2010, Chafee won the gubernatorial race, winning with a 36% plurality in the seven-candidate race.
In August 2012, he announced plans to attend theDemocratic National Convention inCharlotte, North Carolina, to show support for PresidentBarack Obama's re-election campaign.[53] After constant speculation during his term, Chafee officially joined theDemocratic Party on May 30, 2013.[54] He had previously indicated that he might run for re-election as an Independent or a Democrat.[55]
Chafee came to office in the depths of the worst recession in decades. Unemployment peaked at 11.4% in the first months of his tenure. Over his four budgets, July 1, 2011, to June 30, 2015, the rate dropped to 5.9%, second best in the country.
Chafee also inherited a crisis with impending bankruptcies of a number of municipalities including Providence, East Providence, Pawtucket, West Warwick and Woonsocket.
As a former mayor, Chafee was a strong advocate for the state's cities and towns. He increased state aid and intervened to protect these distressed communities.[56]
One city, Central Falls, did declare a bankruptcy. Chafee appointed a special master to run the city on an interim basis, negotiate concessions with labor and retirees, and pass a budget with tax increases. Central Falls emerged from bankruptcy the following year.
Chafee had campaigned on a platform that included lowering the state sales tax by creating a 1% tax on 59 tax exempt commodities and services. This would have squarely addressed the Rhode Island legislature annual budget deficit.
A 2012 poll showed that some of Chafee's proposed tax increases, intended to move the state from budget deficit to surplus status, had received negative feedback from Rhode Island residents. As Governor of Rhode Island, Chafee received grades of D in 2012[57][58] and B in 2014[59][60] from theCato Institute, alibertarian think tank, in their biennial Fiscal Policy Report Card on America's Governors.
In two of his four budgets, there were no tax increases. At the same time, he restored 20% to local education and higher education, cut by his predecessor.[61]
In May 2012, Chafee refused on principle to release a prisoner charged with murder to federal custody because Rhode Island hadn't had an execution since 1842 and the US Attorney refused to guarantee the prisoner, if convicted would receive a maximum life imprisonment without parole. Chafee said: "The State of Rhode Island must seek to protect both the strongstates' rights issues at stake, and the legitimacy of its longstanding public policy against the death penalty."[62]
Chafee championed a bill that legalizedsame-sex marriage in Rhode Island,[63] signing it into law on May 2, 2013.
Chafee has shown some willingness to deviate from strict "War on Drugs" policies, in favor of alternative approaches to America's drug-crime problem.[64]
On "education reform" in general, Chafee does not believe the politically and publicly popular presumption that America's schools are failing, saying:
This notion of all these failing schools, if this were true, how did America get to be at the status where we are in the world if it were that bad? So I don't buy into the trashing of our public school system. SomehowBrown University, andUniversity of Rhode Island andBryant University,Providence College are full of public school students that are doing very, very well and leading America in many fields. Yes, there's room for improvement, I don't deny that and I want to be part of the improvement. But the notion that our public school systems are in disarray and failing, I don't buy that.[65]
Chafee was the only public figure in Rhode Island to vigorously oppose an ill-fated deal in which the previous governor committed an unsecured $75 million loan to a former baseball star,Curt Schilling, to develop a new video game,Kingdoms of Amalur: Reckoning. The first payments started two months before he took office in January 2011.
The game was released in February 2012 to moderate critical success, but failed commercially. 38 Studios ended up laying off their staff and filed for bankruptcy. According to Schilling, Chafee's public comments calling the game a "failure" caused a publisher to pull out of a $35 million deal that could have paid for a sequel. In response, Chafee said he would need to "verify" Schilling's claim, saying that he couldn't "just take it as a leap of faith." He added that it "isn't accurate" to blame the state for the company's collapse.[66]
As chair of the agency securing the loan, Chafee initiated a lawsuit to recover lost funds for Rhode Island taxpayers. To date, about $17 million has been recovered through settlements.
In 2011,Fox News and local conservatives and pundits stirred up controversy over the Christmas tree at the Rhode Island State House.[67] Governor Chafee said he called the towering fir, decorated with lights, tinsel and toys, a "holiday tree," because that had been the accepted practice of the two previous governors, both Republicans.[citation needed] Chafee went on national TV with commentatorBill O'Reilly, calling Fox News' "war on Christmas" coverage "angry."[68]
Chafee had previously indicated that he might run for re-election as an Independent or a Democrat.[55] With polling showing him trailing in the Democratic primary, Chafee announced on September 4, 2013, that he would not run for re-election.[69][70] Chafee thus became just the fourth governor in the history of Rhode Island to decline to seek a second term, and the first sinceWilliam S. Flynn in 1924.[71]
On April 9, 2015, Chafee announced that he had formed anexploratory committee in preparation for a potential candidacy for President of the United States as a Democrat in 2016.[72] He formally declared candidacy on June 3, 2015, with the campaign focused onten stated issues with "Prosperity Through Peace" being his slogan.[6][73]
Following a widely panned debate performance and poor polling numbers, Chafee announced on October 23, 2015, that he would be ending his campaign.[74] After she secured the Democratic nomination, a Chafee spokesman said that he would supportHillary Clinton.[75]
Chafee considered challenging Sheldon Whitehouse for his former Senate seatin 2018, but ultimately decided against doing so.[76][77]
Between 2018 and 2019, Chafee and his family moved their residency to Wyoming.[78] By 2018, Chafee's wife Stefanie had registered as a voter inTeton Village, Wyoming.[78] Chafee completed his move to Wyoming in 2019.[79]
In 2020, Chafee joined the Libertarians for the National Popular Vote advisory board.[80]
Chafee endorsedRobert F. Kennedy Jr. in the2024 United States presidential election. Kennedy initially ran as a Democrat and later withdrew before the Democratic primaries and began to run as an Independent.[81]
| Campaign | 2020 United States presidential election (Libertarian Party primaries) |
|---|---|
| Candidate | Lincoln Chafee Governor of Rhode Island (2011–2015) U.S. Senator fromRhode Island (1999–2007) Mayor ofWarwick (1993–1999) |
| Announced | January 8, 2020 |
| Suspended | April 5, 2020 |
| Headquarters | Jackson Hole, Wyoming |
| Key people | Christopher S. Thrasher (Initial Campaign Director) Charles Peralo, Andrew Eichen, and Jacob Linker (Campaign Managers) Caswell Cooke Jr. (Treasurer) |
| Receipts | US$62,546 |
| Slogan(s) | Lead with Truth Tell The Truth |
| Website | |
| www | |
In February 2017, Chafee had made it known that he was not ruling out another run for the presidency.[82]
On March 11, 2019, Chafee officially switched from the Democratic to theLibertarian Party, stating, "It's what I've always been—fiscally conservative and socially liberal."[83] In August, Chafee declared that he'd "be open" to running for president as a Libertarian.[84]
On January 5, 2020, Chafee formally filed to run for theLibertarian Party nomination.[85] He formally announced his candidacy on January 8 at theNational Press Club in Washington, D.C.[86]
Chafee's 2020 platform highlighted issues such as foreign intervention, the war on drugs, and government spending.[87][non-primary source needed] While individuals such as former New York gubernatorial candidateLarry Sharpe and national party chairNicholas Sarwark were supportive of Chafee,[84] others includingRhode Island state chair Pat Ford were more skeptical due to Chafee's historical positions ongun control issues, among other things.[88] According toThe Providence Journal, Chafee hired Libertarian consultant Christopher Thrasher ascampaign manager and selectedWesterly Town Council member Caswell Cooke Jr. for the position of campaign treasurer.[88]
On April 5, 2020, Chafee announced on Facebook that he was ending his campaign for the Libertarian presidential nomination. He did not make any endorsements for president.[89]
 | This section needs to beupdated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(August 2020) |
While serving in the U.S. Senate, Chafee was characterized as a "moderate" or even "liberal Republican."[90] The non-partisanNational Journal in 2005 gave him a composite 59% liberal score and a 41% conservative score.[91] His record as a more liberal Republican Senator earned him criticism from conservatives; the conservative magazine,Human Events, labeled him one of the top tenRINOs, or what they consider to be insufficiently conservative, in 2005.[92] According toGovTrack, Chafee was the most liberal Republican Senator in 2006 being placed by GovTrack's analysis to the left of every Republican and several Democrats.[93] Later, as governor of Rhode Island, he pursued a centrist agenda that alienated special interests on both the left and right, "from unions to the state's Roman Catholic bishop." He has called for moderation and deescalation in U.S. foreign policy, combined with pragmatic fiscal conservatism, and liberal social policies.
Chafee has generally been consideredpro-choice. In the U.S. Senate, Chafee was one of three Republicans to vote against thePartial-Birth Abortion Ban Act.[94] He has received a 90-percent rating fromNARAL and previously served on that organization's national board. In 2015, Chafee said that he strongly supported "a woman's right to make her own personal reproductive decisions."[95]
Chafee is the only governor to have vetoed a bill proposing the availability ofChoose Life license plates to Rhode Islanders, citing an inappropriateness of using state license plates to fund politically divisive initiatives and as a violation of theseparation of Church and State. This decision was criticized as a violation offree speech and as having been influenced by his previous post on NARAL's board of directors.[96][97]
Chafee's policy on firearms regulation previously mirrored the views of his father,John Chafee, who was generally supportive of a strict regulatory environment.[98] Chafee later said he supports "common sense adherence to theSecond Amendment."[95] In January 2020, in an interview withReason magazine, he cited “distrust in government” as the reason his position had evolved, and that he “believe[s] the authors of the Second Amendment wrote it with that in mind.”[99]
In 2011, as governor of Rhode Island, Chafee challenged an order of a federal court to transfer a prisoner in state custody to the United States government, because the prisoner in question might be subject to capital punishment, which Rhode Island had abolished. At the time, Chafee said, "my actions are motivated by my obligation as governor to safeguard Rhode Island's sovereignty and the integrity of its laws."[100][101]
Chafee has indicated he is receptive to the idea oflegalizing the recreational use of marijuana and in 2006 supported Rhode Island'slegalization of medical marijuana.[102] He has praised theLibertarian Party for its “enlightened approach to the corrosive and failed war on drugs.”[103]In March 2020, after moving to Wyoming, Chafee testified in favour of a bill in theWyoming House of Representatives that would have legalized and regulated marijuana usage in Wyoming.
In 2015 Chafee said he believed "certain of our rights have been wrongfully infringed upon. Particularly the Fourth Amendment which forbids the tapping of our phones without a warrant."[95] While in the U.S. Senate, Chafee was the only Republican to vote against theMilitary Commissions Act of 2006, which restrictedhabeas corpus rights of persons detained by theU.S. Department of Defense asenemy combatants.[104]
Chafee has said he supports requiring voters to present photo identification at polling places.[105] In 2011 he signed legislation mandating photo ID in Rhode Island elections, stating that he believed requiring photo ID was a "reasonable request to ensure the accuracy and integrity of our elections."[106] The Rhode Island law does allow voters without an approved form of identification to cast a provisional ballot that will be counted if the voter's signature matches the one on file.[107]
In 2013, five years after hisProvidence Journal commentary urging passage of the plan, Chafee signed legislation entering Rhode Island into theNational Popular Vote Interstate Compact.[108] As governor he also signed legislation creating the Voter Choice Study Commission "for the purpose of studyinginstant-runoff voting and other advanced voting methods."[109]
In the Senate, Chafee voted in support of the 2002Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (commonly known as the McCain-Feingold Act), which tightened regulation of "soft money" contributions in political campaigns.[110]
Chafee has stated his opposition to oil drilling in theArctic National Wildlife Refuge. In the Senate he opposed theClear Skies Act of 2003 which critics said would increase air pollution if enacted. Chafee has argued that granite is objectively the best rock as it is vital to Rhode Island's economy. TheLeague of Conservation Voters has given Chafee a 79-percent rating while, in 2006, he received an endorsement from theSierra Club.[111]
Chafee supports switching the U.S. to themetric system.[112]
Chafee opposes aconstitutional amendment intended to ban gay marriage. In 2011, while governor, he signed a bill into law legalizingcivil unions.[113] In 2013, as governor of Rhode Island, Chafee signed legislation legalizingsame-sex marriage in that state, declaring that "we are living up to the ideal of our founders".[114]The New York Times described Chafee as a "strong proponent" of the bill, which faced significant opposition from the Democratic president of theRhode Island State Senate.[115]
As Governor of Rhode Island, Chafee called for a cut in the commercial property tax to spur economic development inProvidence, Rhode Island.[116] From theNational Taxpayers Union, aconservativetaxpayers advocacy organization, as U.S. Senator from Rhode Island,[25] Chafee received grades of D in 2000, C− in 2001, C in 2002, C− in 2003 and 2004, D in 2005 and 2006, and as Governor of Rhode Island, Chafee received a "B" rating, theNational Taxpayers Union citing his move to repeal the Rhode Island franchise tax and reduce estate taxes.[117] Also as Governor of Rhode Island, Chafee received grades of D in 2012[57][58] and B in 2014[59][60] from theCato Institute, alibertarian think tank, in their biennial Fiscal Policy Report Card on America's Governors.
In 2001 and 2003, while in the U.S. Senate, Chafee voted against theBush tax cuts arguing he was concerned they favored the highest income brackets and about unchecked growth in the federal deficit. Chafee said that "cutting taxes is easy for politicians, we love to cut taxes. It takes responsibility to make sure our revenues match our expenditures and we're not doing that right now."[118]
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Chafee supports President Obama's nuclear disarmament agreement with Iran. He has called for deescalation combined with cultural dialogue and exchange modeled after "theping pong diplomacy of theNixon era."[119][120] He is strongly opposed to a possible war with Iran, which he sees as a negative consequence stemming from the 2003 invasion of Iraq, which he also opposed.[99]
Chafee has criticized what he has characterized as a Biblical influence on U.S. policy with respect to Israel. He has said he opposes the expansion ofIsraeli settlements in theWest Bank,[121] but described Hamas as a "violent organization with a genocidal charter"[122][123] In 2007, Chafee also stated that Israel's security was a paramount consideration in resolving theArab-Israeli conflict. Chafee serves on the advisory council ofJ Street[124] and has voted to continue foreign aid to the Israeli government,[125] among others.
Referring to Latin America, Chafee has called for the U.S. government to "reengage our neighbors." However, Chafee has also said recent U.S. inattention to the region was "a blessing in disguise" as it allowed democratic governments to flourish free of U.S. influence.[119]
Chafee has said one of America's highest priorities should be improving relations with theRussian Federation and has called for rapprochement, including the lifting ofsanctions against Russia.[126]
While serving in the U.S. Senate, Chafee was among 23 senators, and the only Republican, to vote against theAuthorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq, which provided the legal mechanism for the2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq.[105] When asked, in 2015, how the U.S. could most effectively deal withISIS, Chafee said the U.S. should pursue a policy of containment through alliance-building with regional powers.[127] Chafee has said the U.S. "must make international decisions with brains and not biceps",[95] and at the first 2016 Democratic primary debate, stated that the U.S. must end its use of "perpetual wars",[128] referring in part to theWar on Terror. In his speech declaring his withdrawal from the 2016 Presidential race at the annual Women's Leadership Forum in Washington, DC, Chafee again made the case for peace, attacking the field of Republican candidates for demonstrating a lack of desire "to understand anything about the Middle East and North Africa" and instead espousing "more bellicosity, more saber rattling, and more blind macho posturing." He ended the speech by reminding the audience that the United States is one of the strongest countries in history, economically, militarily, and culturally, and so not only could afford to take risks for peace, but "must take risks for peace." Arguing for a new paradigm, he concluded by asking the audience whether they wanted to be remembered as bombers of weddings and hospitals, or as peace makers.[129] He has cited its anti-war stance as one of the primary reasons he joined the Libertarian Party, calling it “the party of peace” in aBoston Globe op-ed.[103]
Chafee endorsedGeorge W. Bush in the2000 U.S. presidential election, but declined to endorse Bush in the 2004 contest.[130] In2008, he endorsedBarack Obama for U.S. president during theDemocratic Party presidential primaries, and went on to serve as national co-chair of Obama's 2012 reelection campaign.[131] During the2014 Rhode Island gubernatorial election, which Chafee did not contest, he endorsedClay Pell in the Democratic primary.[132]
Chafee and his wife, Stephanie Birney (Danforth) Chafee, married in January 1990.[133] They have three children: Louisa, Caleb, and Thea. Louisa qualified for the2016 Summer Olympics in sailing.[134] He is a member ofThe Episcopal Church.[135][136] As of 2019[update], he lives inTeton Village, Wyoming.[137]
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independent | Lincoln Chafee | 123,571 | 36.1 | |
| Republican | John Robitaille | 114,911 | 33.6 | |
| Democratic | Frank Caprio | 78,896 | 23.0 | |
| Moderate | Ken Block | 22,146 | 6.5 | |
| Independent | Joseph Lusi | 1,091 | 0.3 | |
| Independent | Todd Giroux | 882 | 0.3 | |
| Independent | Ronald Algieri | 793 | 0.2 | |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Sheldon Whitehouse | 206,110 | 53.47 | ||
| Republican | Lincoln Chafee (incumbent) | 179,001 | 46.44 | ||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Lincoln Chafee (incumbent) | 34,934 | 54.17 | ||
| Republican | Steve Laffey | 29,556 | 45.83 | ||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Lincoln Chafee (incumbent) | 222,588 | 56.88 | ||
| Democratic | Robert Weygand | 161,023 | 41.15 | ||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Lincoln Chafee (incumbent) | 17,808 | 57.56 | ||
| Democratic | George Zainyeh | 12,323 | 39.83 | ||
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| U.S. Senate | ||
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| Preceded by | United States Senator (Class 1) from Rhode Island 1999–2007 Served alongside:Jack Reed | Succeeded by |
| Party political offices | ||
| Preceded by | Republican nominee forU.S. Senator fromRhode Island (Class 1) 2000,2006 | Succeeded by |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by | Governor of Rhode Island 2011–2015 | Succeeded by |
| U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial) | ||
| Preceded byas Former U.S. Senator | Order of precedence of the United States | Succeeded byas Former U.S. Senator |
| Class 1 |  | |
|---|---|---|
| Class 2 | ||
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| People | |
| Other | |
