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Limited overs cricket, also known aswhite ball cricket, is a version of the sport ofcricket in which a match is generally completed in one day. There are a number of formats, includingList A cricket (8-hour games),Twenty20 cricket (3-hour games), and100-ball cricket (2.5 hours). The name reflects the rule that in the match each team bowls a set maximum number ofovers (sets of 6 legalballs), usually between 20 and 50, althoughshorter and longer forms of limited overs cricket have been played.
The concept contrasts withTest andfirst-class matches, which can take up to five days to complete. One-day cricket is popular with spectators as it can encourage aggressive, risky, entertainingbatting, often results in cliffhanger endings, and ensures that a spectator can watch an entire match without committing to five days of continuous attendance.
Each team bats only once, and eachinnings is limited to a set number ofovers, usually fifty in aOne Day International and between forty and sixty in a List A. List A is a classification of the limited-overs (one-day) form of cricket, technically as the domestic level.
Despite its name, important one-day matches, international and domestic, often have two days set aside, the second day being a "reserve" day to allow more chance of the game being completed if a result is not possible on the first day (for instance if play is prevented or interrupted by rain).
In some tied limited-overs games, aSuper Over is played, wherein each team bats for a one-over innings with twowickets in hand. A tied Super Over may be followed by another Super Over.[1]
In almost all competitive one-day games, a restriction is placed on the number of overs that may be bowled by any one bowler. This is to prevent a side playing two top-class bowlers with extremely good stamina who can bowl throughout their opponents' innings. The usual limitation is set so that a side must include at least five players who bowl i.e. each bowler can only bowl 20% of the overs. For example, the usual limit for twenty-over cricket is four overs per bowler, for forty-over cricket eight per bowler and for fifty-over cricket ten per bowler.[2] There are exceptions:Pro Cricket in the United States restricted bowlers to five overs each, thus leaving a side requiring only four bowlers.[3]
Limited over cricket is usually played with white balls rather than the traditional red balls. This was introduced because the team batting second is likely to need to play underfloodlights and a white ball is easier to see under these conditions. The white balls are supposed to be otherwise identical to traditional balls, but according toBBC Sport, some cricketers claim that the harder surface causes white balls to swing more.[4]
The idea for a one-day, limited 50-over cricket tournament, was first played in the inaugural match of the All India Pooja Cricket Tournament in 1951 atTripunithura inKochi,Kerala. It is thought to be the brain child ofKV Kelappan Thampuran, a former cricketer and the first Secretary of the Kerala Cricket Association.[5] The first limited-overs tournament between first-class English teams was the Midlands Knock-Out Cup, which took place in May 1962.[6] Played with 65-over innings, the Cup was organised byMike Turner, secretary of theLeicestershire County Cricket Club. The competition was small, with three other county teams participating in addition to Leicestershire. However, it drew commercial television coverage and positive commentary by journalists, who noted the potential to attract sponsors and spectators amid declining attendance levels.[6][7]
The following year, the first full-scale one-day competition between first-class teams was played, the knock-outGillette Cup, won bySussex. The number of overs was reduced to 60 for the 1964 season. League one-day cricket also began in England, when the John PlayerSunday League was started in 1969 with 40-over matches. Both these competitions continued, with changes in sponsorship, till 2010, when they were replaced by theECB 40. This was in turn replaced by the 50-overOne-Day Cup in 2014.
The first Limited Overs International (LOI) or One-Day International (ODI) match was played betweenAustralia andEngland inMelbourne on 5 January 1971,[8] and the quadrennialcricket World Cup began in 1975. Many of the "packaging" innovations, such as coloured clothing, were as a result ofWorld Series Cricket, a "rebel" series set up outside the cricketing establishment by Australian entrepreneurKerry Packer. For more details, seeHistory of cricket.
Twenty20, a curtailed form of one-day cricket with 20 overs (120 legal balls) per side, was first played in England in 2003. It has proven very popular, and several Twenty20 matches have been played between national teams. It makes several changes to the usuallaws of cricket, including the use of aSuper Over (one or more additional overs played by each team) to decide the result of tied matches.
100-ball cricket (2.5-hour games), another form of one-day cricket with 100 deliveries per side, launched in England in 2021. It is designed to further shorten game time and to attract a new audience. It makes further changes to the usuallaws of cricket, such as the involvement of overs that last 5 balls each.
There are now alsoT10 leagues with a format of 10 overs per side (resulting in 90-minute games). TheEmirates Cricket Board also launchedNinety–90 Bash, an upcoming annual franchise-based 90-ball cricket league in theUnited Arab Emirates.[9]
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One Day International matches are usually played in brightly coloured clothing often in a "day-night" format where the first innings of the day occurs in the afternoon and the second occurs under stadium lights.
In the early days of ODI cricket, the number of overs was generally 60 overs per side, and matches were also played with 40, 45 or 55 overs per side, but now it has been uniformly fixed at 50 overs.
Every four years, theCricket World Cup involves all the Test-playing nations and other national sides who qualify through theICC World Cup Qualifier. It usually consists of round-robin stages, followed by semi-finals and a final. TheInternational Cricket Council (ICC) determines the venue far in advance.
TheICC Champions Trophy involves all the Test-playing nations, and is held between World Cups. It usually consists of a round-robin group stage, semifinals, and a final.
Each Test-playing country often hosts triangular tournaments, between the host nation and two touring sides. There is usually a round-robin group , and then the leading two teams play each other in a final, or sometimes a best-of-three final. When there is only one touring side, there is still often a best-of-five or best-of-seven series of limited overs matches.
The ICCWorld Cricket League is an ODI competition for national teams with Associate or Affiliate status.
List A cricket is a classification of the limited-overs (one-day) form of the sport ofcricket. Much as domesticfirst-class cricket is the level below internationalTest match cricket, so List A cricket is the domestic level ofone-day cricket belowOne Day Internationals. Twenty20 matches do not qualify for the present.
Most cricketing nations have some form of domestic List A competition. The number ofovers in List A cricket ranges from forty to sixty overs per side.
TheAssociation of Cricket Statisticians and Historians created this category for the purpose of providing an equivalent to first-class cricket, to allow the generation of career records and statistics for comparable one-day matches. Only the more important one-day competitions in each country, plus matches against a touring Test team, are included. The categorisation of cricket matches as "List A" was not officially endorsed by theInternational Cricket Council until 2006, when the ICC announced that it and its member associations would be determining this classification in a manner similar to that done for first class matches.[10]
Matches that qualify as List A:
Matches that do not qualify as List A:
Domestic one-day competitions exist in almost every country where cricket is played. The table below lists the limited overs tournaments that take place in eachfull member nation.[11]
The world record for the highest innings total in any List A limited overs match is 506 for 2 by Tamil Nadu against Arunachal Pradesh inBengaluru on 21 November 2022. On 17 June 2022, England set a new international record, totalling 498 for 4 against Netherlands atAmstelveen. The lowest ever total is 18 by West Indies U-19 against Barbados atBlairmont in 2007. The record low score in ODIs is 35, by Zimbabwe against Sri Lanka inHarare on 25 April 2004 and United States against Nepal inKirtipur on 12 February 2020.
The most runs scored by both sides in any List A limited overs match is 872: Australia, batting first, scored 434 for four in 50 overs, and yet were beaten by South Africa who scored 438 for nine with a ball to spare during theirOne Day International at Johannesburg in 2006.
The highest individual innings is 272 byNarayan Jagadeesan for Tamil Nadu against Arunachal Pradesh inBengaluru in 2022. The best bowling figures are eight for 10 byShahbaz Nadeem for Jharkhand against Ranchi at Chennai in 2018. The highest international individual innings is by Rohit Sharma who scored 264. The highest score in any formal limited overs match is believed to be United's 630 for five against Bay Area in a 45 overs match atRichmond, California in August 2006.[12]
The most runs in an over was scored byHerschelle Gibbs of the South African cricket team when, in the2007 Cricket World Cup in the West Indies, he hit 6 sixes in one over bowled byDaan van Bunge of the Netherlands.[13] This record is shared byYuvraj Singh of India who achieved this feat in the2007 ICC World Twenty20 in South Africa, he hit 6 sixes in an over bowled byStuart Broad of England. This was later also achieved byKieron Pollard,Jaskaran Malhotra,Dipendra Singh Airee, andDarius Visser in international cricket.
