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Lily Pringsheim

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
German politician
Lily Pringsheim
Born
Lily Chun

7 February 1887
Died28 September 1954
Occupation(s)politician
writer
journalist
Political partySPD
SpouseErnst Pringsheim (1881-1970)
ChildrenKarl Peter Pringsheim (1907-1956)
Marianne Elise Pringsheim (1909-)
Johannes Rudolf "Heinz" Pringsheim (1912-1942)
Ludwig Ernst Pringsheim (1916-1982)
Therese "Heidi" Pringsheim (1921-1996)
Parent(s)Carl Chun (1852–1914)
Lily Vogt

Lily Pringsheim (bornLily Chun: 7 February 1887 – 28 September 1954) was aGerman politician (SPD). She served between 1931 and 1933 as an active member of theHesse Landtag (parliament), after which, for reasons of race and politics, she was forced into exile.[1][2][3] Pringsheim also worked as a journalist/writer and theatre critic.[4]

Life

[edit]

Lily Chun was born in theEast Prussian capital,Königsberg, where she spent her early childhood. The family relocated toBreslau in 1895 and toLeipzig in 1899. Her father,Carl Chun (1852–1914), was a zoologist and deep sea researcher who was employed as a university professor atKönigsberg,Breslau and thenLeipzig.[5] Her mother, Lily Vogt, was the daughter of the zoologist-geologist-politicianCarl Vogt (1817–1895). When she was 16 she was excluded from her school, where the staff found her "exceptionally headstrong" (... wegen "ausgeprägter Eigenwilligkeit").[1] As a young woman Lily Chun supported herself by writing, publishing short stories and (subsequently forgotten) novels.[4]

She marriedErnst Pringsheim atLeipzig on 18 March 1907. He was a professor of botany and a member of a leadingSilesian family of Jewish provenance. The marriage produced five recorded children, but it ended in divorce in 1921.[4] In 1922 Lily Pringsheim settled with her five children inDarmstadt.[1]

She joined theSocial Democratic Party (Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands / SPD) in 1921.[4] She attracted attention as a "brilliant, persuasive and forthright public speaker".[6] A particular admirer of her political abilities wasthe interior minister,Wilhelm Leuschner.[6] Between December 1931 and April 1933 she was a member ofthe Hesse Landtag (parliament), serving on many parliamentary committees. In the chamber she spoke out openly against theanti-Semitism of the populistNazi Party and was rewarded with death threats.[6] She was also the first inHesse to put her signature to a call for a "reduction of the penal provisions in §218 of the constitution", which concerned the country's longstanding anti-abortion laws.[6]

TheNazistook power in January 1933 and lost little time intransformingthe country into aone-partydictatorship. After theReichstag fire which occurred at the end of February 1933, state mandated anti-Semitism became rapidly institutionalised. Pringsheim and her children were placed under police surveillance. The family were persecuted by the authorities not just because of their political activities but also because the authorities had determined that they were "half-Jewish".[7] Two of her sons had to break off their law studies. In July 1933, believing that she was scheduled for imminent arrest by theGestapo,[1] she fled with three of her children viaDresden toPrague inCzechoslovakia which at this stage was still independent.[7] From Prague she moved on toVienna where she remained only briefly, before making her home inBrno.[2]

InBrno she became involved with the local branch of theLeague of the Rights of Man.[8] As a result of this connection she was for several months during the first part of 1937, despite living in a very small apartment,[9] the rather improbable landlady ofJean Genet,[8] on the run from France where he had acquired a string of convictions for petty crime and, more recently, gained the status of an army deserter. He slept on the balcony.[9] Genet later became a doyen of the French literary establishment. As a 27 year old asylum seeker inBrno, Pringsheim found him a "highly literate and memorable autodidact [with an] uncontrollable thirst for knowledge".[10] Later, when Genet's literary archive was opened up to scholars, several rather stiff and literary love letters were found that he had written to Pringsheim,[11] but he was more than twenty years her junior, and Genet's more serious "love interest" at the time was almost certainly Anna Bloch, the wife of an industrialist who had imprudently recruited Genet to teach his young wife French.[8]

During 1938 theGerman army incrementallyinvaded Czechoslovakia. Pringsheim, now using a Czechoslovak name, became a political refugee again, fleeing to London.[2] By 1940 she had moved on again, this time toPeru where she joined up with her eldest daughter, Marianne, who had already settled there.[2] In 1941 she undertook what was intended to be a brief visit to theUnited States of America. She was caught out in December when the United States unexpectedly (to her)joined inthe European war as a response to thePearl Harbor attack. It became impossible to travel to Peru. Her visit to the country lasted seven years during which she engaged in teaching andsocial work with a Quäker Organisation.[2] At one stage she was employed as a radio presenter. She also became a much sought after speaker on behalf of theSocialist Party.[6] Lily Pringsheim returned toPeru in 1947.[3]

While she was in the US her son Johannes was killed. Unlike his older brother, Karl Peter, who had followed his mother to London, Johannes had stayed in Czechoslovakia after the German invasion and become a resistance activist. In 1943 he was summoned to London by theCzechoslovak government in exile. It is believed that he crossed Switzerland on foot, but in France he was caught by theGestapo and placed on a train destined forBuchenwald. Little more is known of his fate, although there is a report that he was killed in theStrasbourg area while jumping off the train.[7]

Lily Pringsheim came home to Darmstadt in 1950, making her home at a top floor apartment alongside theLuisenplatz.[1] She taught conversational English and French at the local school for the rest of her life.[4] There was talk of a return to politics, but she found she was unable to gain any sort of a foothold in the Darmstadt branch of the post-warSPD.[2] She died at Darmstadt in 1954 having never got over the death of her son, Johannes.[7]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abcde"Pringsheim, Lily". Historischer Verien fuer Hessen, Darmstadt. Retrieved15 September 2017.
  2. ^abcdefBirte Förster (5 August 2015)."Lily Pringsheim".gefleuchtet.de. Retrieved15 September 2017.
  3. ^abWerner Röder;Herbert A. Strauss (1 January 1980).Pringsheim, Lily. Walter de Gruyter. p. 577.ISBN 978-3-11-097028-9.{{cite book}}:|work= ignored (help)
  4. ^abcde"Pringsheim, Lily".Hessische Biografie. 30 May 2017. Retrieved15 September 2017.
  5. ^"Carl Friedrich Chun". Memim. Retrieved15 September 2017.
  6. ^abcde"Pringsheim, Lily".Von Adelung bis Zwangsarbeit - Stichworte zu Militär und Nationalsozialismus in Darmstadt. Deutsche Friedensgesellschaft-Vereinigte KriegsdienstgegnerInnen e.V., Gruppe Darmstadt. Retrieved15 September 2017.
  7. ^abcd"Pringsheim, Johannes (1912-1943)".Projekt: Darmstädter Biographien 1933-1945. Darmstädter Geschichtswerkstatt e.V. Retrieved15 September 2017.
  8. ^abcDavid Bradby; Claire Finburgh (15 March 2012).Lide and politics. Routledge. p. 19.ISBN 978-1-134-18826-0.{{cite book}}:|work= ignored (help)
  9. ^abLouis-Paul ASTRAUD (2 May 2011).Chronoligie détaillée (1910-1936). Au Diable Vauvert. p. 101.ISBN 978-2-84626-328-3.{{cite book}}:|work= ignored (help)
  10. ^H. E. Stewart (1985). "History into Fable: Jeanne d'Arc and Marie Antoinette in the Works of Jean Genet".Kentucky Romance Quarterly.32 (3):265–278.doi:10.1080/03648664.1985.9928308.
  11. ^Edmund White (16 April 2002)."Writing Gay".The Hopwood Lecture, delivered at the Hopwood Awards ceremony at the University of Michigan. Michigan Quarterly Review, Ann Arbor.ISSN 1558-7266. Retrieved15 September 2017.
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