| Privet | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Ligustrum vulgare | |
Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Oleaceae |
| Tribe: | Oleeae |
| Subtribe: | Ligustrinae |
| Genus: | Ligustrum L. |
| Species | |
See text | |
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Aprivet is aflowering plant in thegenusLigustrum. The genus contains about 50species of erect,deciduous orevergreenshrubs, sometimes forming small or medium-sized trees,[1]native to Europe, north Africa, Asia, many introduced and naturalised in Australasia, where only one species,Ligustrum australianum,[2] extends as a native into Queensland.[3] Some species have become widely naturalized or invasive where introduced.Privet was originally the name for the European semi-evergreenshrubLigustrum vulgare, and later also for the more reliably evergreenLigustrum ovalifolium and its hybridLigustrum × ibolium used extensively for privacyhedging, though now the name is applied to all members of the genus.[4] The generic name was applied byPliny the Elder (23–79 AD) toL. vulgare.[5] It is often suggested that the nameprivet is related toprivate, but theOED states that there is no evidence to support this.[6]
Privet is a group of shrubs and small trees of southern and eastern Asia, from the Himalayas extending into Australia. They may be evergreen or deciduous, and are tolerant of different soil types. They often have conspicuous heads of white flowers[7] followed by blackberries.
In addition to being cultivated to create ornamental hedges andfoliage, privet is also widely used in horticulture and flower arrangements.[8] The oval leaf privetLigustrum ovalifolium is used forhedges, while its flexible twigs are sometimes used as cords forlashing.[8] The tree species, especiallyChinese privet is frequently used as a street tree in Europe, while other species includingLigustrum japonicum andLigustrum quihoui are among the others also sometimes used asornamental plants in gardens.[9]Privet became very popular in Britain as a replacement for ornamental railings around properties, which had been lost to the 1941 Government compulsorily requisitioning of all post-1850 iron gates and railings for the war effort[10] the idea being that the donated metal would be melted down for use in the manufacture of armaments in WWII, although this ultimately did not happen.[11] The remaining stubs of sawn-off railings can still be seen on many garden walls in the UK, often partly obscured by privet bushes.
Chinese privet is used in traditionalherbal medicine.[12] Thedecoction of privet leaves or bark helps to treat diarrhea, stomach ulcers, chronic bowel problems, chapped lips, sore mouths and throats, and a wash for skin problems.[12] Privet leaves and bark have bitter properties that make a useful tea for improving appetite and digestion in chemotherapy patients.[12]Kuding is a Chinese tea made from either aLigustrum orIlex species.
Some species produce a fruit, which is mildly toxic to humans.[8][13] Symptoms from eating privet fruit includenausea,headache,abdominal pain,vomiting,diarrhea,weakness, low blood pressure, and low body temperature.[8] At least some privet species are known to be toxic to horses.[14]
A plant may produce thousands of fruits, most of which are eaten by birds.Privet is used as a food plant by the larvae of someLepidoptera species including thecommon emerald,common marbled carpet,copper underwing,engrailed,mottled beauty,scalloped hazel,small angle shades,v-pug,privet hawk moth andwillow beauty.
Privet is a successful invasive species because of its ability tooutcompete and therefore displace native vegetation, due to its adaptability. Various species are now a problem in North America, Australia and New Zealand.
TheIntegrated Taxonomic Information System lists eleven "accepted" species ofLigustrum.[15] Additional species are listed in other references.[16][17][18]
