The rank in armies and air forces is often subdivided into subcategories of seniority. InEnglish-speaking navies, lieutenants are often equivalent to the army rank ofcaptain; in other navies, the lieutenants are usually equal to their army counterparts.
Lieutenant may also appear as part of a title used in various other organisations with a codified command structure. It often designates someone who is "second-in-command", and as such, may precede the name of the rank directly above it. For example, a "lieutenant master" is likely to be second-in-command to the "master" in an organisation using both ranks.
The wordlieutenant derives fromFrench; thelieu meaning "place" as in a position (cf.in lieu of); andtenant meaning "holding" as in "holding a position"; thus a "lieutenant" is a placeholder for a superior, during their absence (compare the Latinlocum tenens).
In the 19th century, British writers who considered this word either an imposition on the English language, or difficult for common soldiers and sailors, argued for it to be replaced by thecalque "steadholder". However, their efforts failed, and the French word is still used, along with its many variations (e.g.lieutenant colonel,lieutenant general,lieutenant commander,flight lieutenant,second lieutenant and many non-English language examples), in both theOld and theNew World.[citation needed]
Pronunciation oflieutenant as/lɛfˈtɛnənt/ⓘlef-TEN-ənt is generally associated with the armies ofBritish Commonwealth countries, while/luːˈtɛnənt/ⓘloo-TEN-ənt is generally associated with the United States military.[2] The early history of the pronunciation is unclear;Middle English spellings suggest that both pronunciations may have existed even then.[3] The majority of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century sources show pronunciations with/v/ or/f/, butBullokar has/liu/.[4]
The rareOld French variant spellingleuf forModern Frenchlieu ('place') supports the suggestion that a final/u/ of the Old French word was in certain environments perceived as an[f].[3] Furthermore, inLatin, thelingua franca of the era,[when?] the letter⟨v⟩ is used for both/u/ and/v/.InRoyal Naval (RN) tradition—and other English-speaking navies outside the United States—a reduced pronunciation/ləˈtɛnənt/ⓘlə-TEN-ənt is used. This is not recognised as current by recent editions of theOED (although the RN pronunciation was included in editions of theOED up until the 1970s).
The senior grade of lieutenant is known as first lieutenant in theUnited States, and as lieutenant in theUnited Kingdom and the rest of theEnglish-speaking world. In countries that do not speak English, the rank title usually translates as "lieutenant", but may also translate as "first lieutenant" or "senior lieutenant". The Israel Defense Forces ranksegen (סגן) literally translates as "deputy", which is equivalent to a lieutenant. In the Finnish military there is asenior lieutenant grade that ranks above lieutenant and second lieutenant but below captain; it does not have an English equivalent. In Germany it is calledOberleutnant (senior lieutenant).
Conventionally, armies and other services or branches that use army-style rank titles have two grades of lieutenant, but a few also use a third, more junior, rank. Historically, the "lieutenant" was the deputy to a "captain", and as the rank structure of armies began to formalise, this came to mean that acaptain commanded acompany and had several lieutenants, each commanding aplatoon. Where more junior officers were employed as deputies to the lieutenant, they went by many names, including second lieutenant, sub-lieutenant,ensign andcornet. Some parts of theBritish Army, including theRoyal Artillery,Royal Engineers andfusilierregiments, used first lieutenant as well as second lieutenant until the end of the 19th century, and some British Army regiments still preserve cornet as an official alternative to second lieutenant.
There is great variation in the insignia used worldwide. In most English-speaking and Arabic-speaking countries, as well as a number of European and South American nations, full lieutenants (and equivalents) usually wear two stars (pips) and second lieutenants (and equivalents) one. An example of an exception is the United States, whose armed forces distinguish their lieutenant ranks with a silver bar for first lieutenant and a gold bar for second lieutenant.
TheUnited States Marine Corps and BritishRoyal Marines[87] both use army ranks, while many former Eastern-Bloc marine forces retain the naval rank structure. Before 1999 the Royal Marines enjoyed the same rank structure as the army, but at a grade higher; thus a Royal Marine captain ranked with and was paid the same as a British Army major. This historical remnant caused increasing confusion in multi-national operations and was abolished.
While some air forces use the army rank system, the BritishRoyal Air Force and many otherCommonwealth air forces use another rank system in whichflight lieutenant ranks with an army captain and naval lieutenant, aflying officer ranks with an army lieutenant and apilot officer with an army second lieutenant.
In the US Air Force, the Third Lieutenant Program refers specifically to a training program at active duty air force bases for cadets of theAir Force Academy andAir Force ROTC the summer before their fourth and final year before graduation and commissioning. A single silver or subdued pip is used to designate this rank.
The Royal Air Force also has anacting pilot officer designation, the most junior commissioned rank in the British armed forces. It is functionally equivalent to third lieutenant.
During the early days of the naval rank, a lieutenant might be very junior indeed, or might be on the cusp of promotion to captain; by modern standards, he might rank with any army rank between second lieutenant and lieutenant colonel. As the rank structure of navies stabilized, and the ranks of commander, lieutenant commander and sub-lieutenant were introduced, the naval lieutenant came to rank with an army captain (NATO OF-2 or US O-3).
The insignia of a lieutenant in many navies, including the Royal Navy,[91] consists of two mediumgold braid stripes (top stripe with loop) on anavy blue or black background. Where in Myanmar Navy, they're Sub Lieutenant with the insignia of 2 gold stars. This pattern was copied by the United States Navy and various Air Forces for their equivalent ranks grades, except that the loop is removed (seeflight lieutenant).
Lieutenants were commonly put in command of smaller vessels not warranting a commander or captain: such a lieutenant was called a "lieutenant commanding" or "lieutenant commandant" in the United States Navy, and a "lieutenant in command" or "lieutenant and commander" in the Royal Navy. The USN settled on "lieutenant commander" in 1862, and made it a distinct rank; the Royal Navy followed suit in March 1914. The insignia of an additional half-thickness stripe between the two full stripes of a lieutenant was introduced in 1877 for a Royal Navy lieutenant of 8 years seniority, and used for lieutenant commanders upon introduction of their rank.[92]
The first lieutenant in theRoyal Navy and other Commonwealth navies, is a post or appointment, rather than a rank. Historically the lieutenants in a ship were ranked in accordance with seniority, with the most senior being termed the "first lieutenant" and acting as thesecond-in-command. Although lieutenants are no longer numbered by seniority, the post of "first lieutenant" remains. In minor war vessels,destroyers andfrigates the first lieutenant (either a lieutenant or lieutenant-commander) is second in command,executive officer (XO) and head of the executive branch; in larger ships where a commander of the warfare specialization is appointed as the executive officer, a first lieutenant (normally a lieutenant-commander) is appointed as his deputy. The post of first lieutenant in ashore establishment carries a similar responsibility to the first lieutenant of acapital ship.
In the U.S. Navy or U.S. Coast Guard the billet of first lieutenant describes the officer in charge of thedeck department or division, depending upon the size of the ship. In smaller ships with only a single deck division, the billet is typically filled by an ensign while in larger ships with a deck department, consisting of multiple subordinate divisions, the billet may be filled by a lieutenant commander. On submarines and smaller Coast Guard cutters the billet of first lieutenant may be filled by apetty officer.
Second lieutenant is usually the most junior grade of commissioned officer. In most cases, newly commissioned officers do not remain at the rank for long before being promoted, and both university graduates and officers commissioned from the ranks may skip the rank altogether.[citation needed]
The following military and paramilitary services had the grade of third lieutenant: In the American Period, the Philippine Constabulary (PC) and the Philippine Army (PA), for which there was no insignia; During the Japanese period, the Bureau of Constabulary (BOC), whose insignia was a white-metal half-diamond which resembled a "V"; and in the forties, by the Philippine Army and the Philippine Air Force (PAF), during the postcolonial republic
In March 1813, the US Army created the rank of third lieutenant. The rank was used as the entry level officer rank for the Ordnance Department and the Corps of Artillery until March 1821.[93] Throughout the 19th century and until as late as World War II[94] theUnited States Army sometimes referred tobrevetsecond lieutenants as "third lieutenants". These were typically newly commissioned officers for which no authorized second lieutenant position existed. Additionally, theConfederate States Army also used "third lieutenant", typically as the lowest ranking commissioned officer in an infantry company.
Notably, theUnited States Revenue Cutter Service used a simple officer rank structure with Captain, First, Second and Third Lieutenants, each of whom had distinct insignia. The title of Third Lieutenant, essentially equal to the rank ofensign, existed until 1915 when the Service became the nucleus of the newUnited States Coast Guard.[95] Because of the time required to fully establish this organization the rank continued for some time afterwards; the first Coast Guard aviator,Elmer F. Stone, was a third lieutenant until 1918.[96]
In the Royal Navy, the commissioned rank of mate was created in 1840, and was renamed sub-lieutenant in 1860. In the US Navy, the rank was calledmaster until 1883, when it was renamedlieutenant, junior grade. In many navies, a sub-lieutenant is a navalcommissioned orsubordinate officer, ranking below a lieutenant, but in Brazil it is the highest non-commissioned rank, and in Spain it is the second highest non-commissioned rank. In Portugal, sub-lieutenant is the rank of a junior naval officer graduated from a civil university or promoted from a NCO rank, while the equivalent rank of an officer graduated in the naval academy is designated midshipman.
The first French Lieutenant of Police,Gabriel Nicolas de la Reynie, was appointed in Paris by Louis XIV on 15 March 1667 to command a reformed police force. He was later elevated toLieutenant-General of Police. In the 17th century, the term "lieutenant" corresponded to "deputy" (i.e. a person appointed to carry out a task). La Reynie was the deputy for policing duties of the Provost of Paris, the ceremonial representative of the King in Paris. In 1995, the rank oflieutenant was introduced in theNational Police as the first rank of the police officers scale.
The rank of Lieutenant was formerly used in areas outside of the Metropolitan Police. The adoption of standardized ranks across the United Kingdom has eliminated its use. A number of city and burgh police forces inScotland used the rank of lieutenant (and detective lieutenant) between inspector and superintendent from 1812 to 1948. It was replaced by the rank ofchief inspector.[97] The Royal Newfoundland Constabulary (founded 1871) had the rank of lieutenant between staff sergeant and inspector until 1997. In Australia, Queensland's first police force (founded 1864) had second lieutenants and lieutenants between the ranks of sergeant and inspector-general.
The rank of police lieutenant is used in most medium or large police departments in the United States, where it is one rank above sergeant and two ranks above a regular police officer (three in departments with a corporal rank). It is roughly equivalent to aninspector in the British and Canadian police forces. The usual role of a lieutenant is to carry out administrative duties and assist precinct commanders (normally a captain, or sometimes the local police chiefs). In smaller police departments, they may command a precinct itself. Lieutenants either command a watch (8-hour "shift") of regular officers or a special unit for operations or investigations (like a Robbery-Homicide squad). The typical rank insignia for a lieutenant is a single silver bar (like that of an Army or Marine Corps First Lieutenant) or a single gold bar (like that of an Army or Marine Corps Second Lieutenant). Some police departments split the rank of lieutenant into two separate grades.
In Canada, the representative of theCanadian monarch in each province is called theLieutenant Governor. The Lieutenant Governor exercises all the royal prerogative powers that the monarch holds.
InFrench history, "lieutenant du roi" was a title borne by the officer sent with military powers to represent the king in certain provinces. It is in the sense of a deputy that it has entered into the titles of more senior officers,lieutenant general andlieutenant colonel.
Similar to other monarchies, in Spain existed the office of "lugarteniente" (Luogotenente), a King's representative with some royal powers such us government and justice. The last person to hold the office was CardinalLuis Manuel Fernández de Portocarrero, who served as Lieutenant General of the Realm (regent) from 1 November 1700 to 18 February 1701.
In more recent times, the title of lieutenant has been used to refer to the second-in-command of an institution. For example, in the SpanishPublic Prosecutor's Office, the second to theAttorney General is the Lieutenant Attorney of the Supreme Court. Likewise, in many Spanishmunicipalities, there is the position of the Lieutenant Mayor (teniente de alcalde, commonly translated asdeputy mayor).
TheLieutenant Governor is an official instate governments of 45 out of 50United States. In most cases, the lieutenant governor is the highest officer of state after thegovernor, standing in for the governor when they are absent from the state or temporarily incapacitated. In the event a governor dies, resigns, or is removed from office, the lieutenant governor typically becomes governor.
Leaders, or officers of the Boys' Brigade, particularly in the United Kingdom, are ranked as lieutenants after having completed their formal training, before which they are ranked as warrant officers. Officers serving in staff or command posts are awarded the "brevet" rank of captain, these officers then revert to their lieutenancy after having completed their tour of duty.
The rank of cadet lieutenant (CLT) is given to officer cadet trainees who have passed their officer's course. The rank insignia of CLT is a pip and a bar below it. CLTs may be promoted to the rank of senior cadet lieutenant (S/CLT), which has a rank insignia of a pip and two bars below it.[99]
^"Grades appellations distinctions".defense.gouv.cg (in French). Ministry of National Defense (Republic of the Congo). Retrieved7 June 2021.
^"Grados militares".minfar.gob.cu (in Spanish). Ministry of the Revolutionary Armed Forces (Cuba). Retrieved28 May 2021.
^"Hærens Gradstegn"(PDF).forsvaret.dk (in Danish). Danish Defence. 2018. Retrieved26 May 2021.
^"Resolución No. MRL-2012".trabajo.gob.ec (in Spanish). Government of Ecuador. 2012. Retrieved29 May 2021.
^"Grados Militares".fuerzaarmada.mil.sv (in Spanish). Ministry of National Defense of El Salvador. Archived fromthe original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved29 May 2021.
^"Karių laipsnių ženklai".kariuomene.kam.lt (in Lithuanian). Ministry of National Defence (Lithuania). Archived fromthe original on 11 September 2016. Retrieved26 May 2021.
^"Grades".Armee.lu. Luxembourg Army. Retrieved24 February 2018.
^Cooke, Melinda W. (1990)."Chapter 5: National Security". In Hanratty, Dennis M.; Meditz, Sandra W. (eds.).Paraguay: A Country Study. Area Handbook Series (2nd ed.). Library of Congress. pp. 216–217.LCCN89600299. Retrieved5 October 2021.
^"Grados Militares".ccffaa.mil.pe (in Spanish). Joint Command of the Armed Forces of Peru. Retrieved29 May 2021.
^p.970 Tucker, Spencer C.The Encyclopedia Of the War Of 1812: A Political, Social, and Military History [3 volumes] ABC-CLIO, 25 Apr 2012
^"Full Text Citations For Award of The Distinguished Service Cross". Archived fromthe original on 30 May 2009. Retrieved27 July 2009.The President of the United States takes pride in presenting the Distinguished Service Cross (Posthumously) to Baltazar Adona, Third Lieutenant, U.S. Army, for conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in action against a hostile force in the Philippine Islands. Third Lieutenant Adona distinguished himself by intrepid actions from 10 to 16 December 1941 while serving with the Philippine Scouts
![Lieutenant Arabic: ملازم أول, romanized: Mulazim awwal (Algerian Land Forces)[5]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3a08.AlgA-1LT.svg)
![Tenente (Angolan Army)[6]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aAngola-Army-OF-1b.svg)
![Teniente (Argentine Army)[7]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aArgentina-Army-OF-1b.svg)
![լեյտենանտ Leytenant (Armenian Ground Forces)[8]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aPost-Soviet-Army-OF-1b.svg)
![Lieutenant (Australian Army)[9]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aAustralian_Army_OF-1b.svg)
![Leutnant (Austrian Army)[10]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aBundesheer_-_Rank_insignia_-_Leutnant.png){kind=icon}
![Leytenant (Azerbaijani Land Forces)[11]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3a10.AzAF-LT.png)
![Lieutenant Bengali: লেফটেন্যান্ট (Bangladesh Army)[12]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aBangladesh-army-OF-1b.svg)
![Lieutenant (Benin Army)[14]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aBenin_Army_OF-1b.svg)
![Teniente (Bolivian Army)[15]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aTteEB.svg)
![Lieutenant (Royal Bhutan Army)[16]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3a08.Bhutan_Army-1LT.svg)
![Leftenan (Royal Brunei Land Force)[17]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3a11.RBrLF-1LT.svg)
![Лейтенант Leytenant (Bulgarian Land Forces)[18]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aRank_insignia_of_%25D0%259B%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B9%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2582_of_the_Bulgarian_Army.png)
![Lieutenant (Burkina Faso Ground Forces)[19]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3a09._Burkina_Faso_Army_-_1LT.svg)
![Lieutenant Kirundi: Riyetena (Burundi Ground Forces)[20]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aBurundi-Army-OF-1a.svg)
![Lieutenant French: Lieutenant (Canadian Army)[21]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aCanadian_Army_OF-1b.svg)
![Tenente (Cape Verdean National Guard)[22]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aCape_Verde-army-OF-1b.svg)
![Teniente (Chilean Army)[23]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aSS.OO.3.EJER.TENIENTE.svg)
![Teniente (Colombian Army)[24]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aColombia-Army-OF-1b.svg)
![Lieutenant (Congolese Ground Forces)[25]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3a09-ROCongo_Army-1LT.svg)
![Teniente (Cuban Revolutionary Army)[26]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aCuba-Army-OF-1b.svg)
![Løjtnant (Royal Danish Army)[27]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aDenmark-Army-OF-1a-M11.svg)
![Teniente (Ecuadorian Army)[28]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3a10.ECA-1LT.svg)
![Teniente (Salvadoran Army)[29]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aEl-Salvador-Army-OF-1b.svg)
![Leitnant (Estonian Land Forces)[30]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aES-Army-OF13.svg)
![Luutnantti Löjtnant (Finnish Army)[31]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aLuutnantti_M05.svg)
![Lieutenant (French Army)[32]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aArmy-FRA-OF-01a.svg)
![ლეიტენანტი Leit’enant’i (Georgian Land Forces)[33]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aGeorgia_Army_OF-1b.png)
![Leutnant (German Army)[34]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aHD_H_41_Leutnant_FschJg.svg)
![Teniente (Guatemalan Army)[35]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aGuatemala-army-OF-1b.svg)
![Lieutenant (Guyana Army)[36]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aGuyana_Defence_Force_(GDF)_Lieutenant_rank_insignia.svg){kind=icon}
![Teniente (Honduran Army)[37]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aHON-army-OF-1b.svg)
![Lieutenant Hindi: लेफ्टिनेंट (Indian Army)[38]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aLieutenant_of_the_Indian_Army.svg)
![Lieutenant Irish: Leifteanant (Irish Army)[39]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aIreland-Army-OF-1b.svg)
![Tenente (Italian Army)[40]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aRank_insignia_of_tenete_of_the_Army_of_Italy_(1973).svg)
![Lieutenant (Ivory Coast Ground Forces)[41]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aIvory_Coast-Army-OF-1b.svg)
![Lieutenant (Jamaican Army)[42]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aJamaica-Army-OF-1b.svg)
![Лейтенант Leytenant (Kazakh Ground Forces)[43]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3a11-RKGF-LT.svg)
![Lieutenant (Kenya Army)[44]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3a08._Kenyan_Army_LT.svg)
![Лейтенант Leytenant (Kyrgyz Army)[45]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3a08.Kyrgyzstan_Army-LT.svg)
![Leitnants (Latvian Land Forces)[46]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aLV-Army-OF1b.png)
![Lieutenant (Lesotho Army)[47]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aBlank.svg)
![Leitenantas (Lithuanian Land Forces)[48]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3a13-Lithuania_Army-2LT.svg)
![Lieutenant (Luxembourg Army)[49]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aArmy-LUX-OF-01b.svg)
![Lieutenant (Madagascar Ground Forces)[50]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aMadagascar-Army-OF-1b.svg)
![Lieutenant (Malawian Army)[51]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3a08._Malawi_Army_-_LT.svg)
![Logutenent (Army of Malta)[52]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3a09.Malta_Army-1LT.svg)
![Leftenan (Malaysian Army)[53]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aMalaysia-army-OF-1b.svg)
![Lieutenant (Malian Army)[54]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3a06.Mali_Army-1LT.svg)
![Teniente (Mexican Army)[55]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aMexico_army_OF1b.svg)
![Locotenent (Moldovan Ground Forces)[56]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3a09-Moldovan_Army-2LT.svg)
![Lieutenant Nepali: उपसेनानी, romanized: Upasēnānī (Nepali Army)[57]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3a12.Nepalese_Army-1LT.svg)
![Lieutenant (New Zealand Army)[58]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aNew_Zealand-Army-OF-1b.svg)
![Teniente (Nicaraguan Army)[59]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3a08-Nicaragua_Army-2LT.svg)
![Lieutenant لیفٹنینٹ (Pakistani Army)[61]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aOF-1(B)_Pakistan_Army.svg)
![Teniente (Paraguayan Army)[62]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aParaguay-Army-OF-1b.svg)
![Teniente (Peruvian Army)[63]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aPeru-Army-OF-1b.svg)
![Tenente (Portuguese Army)[64]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aArmy-POR-OF-01a.svg)
![Locotenent (Romanian Land Forces)[65]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aRomania-Army-OF-1b.svg)
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![Lieutenant (Rwandan Land Forces)[67]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3a08-Rwanda_Army-1LT.svg)
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