Licking County, Ohio | |
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 Flag  Seal | |
 Location within the U.S. state ofOhio | |
 Ohio's location within theU.S. | |
| Coordinates:40°05′N82°29′W / 40.09°N 82.48°W /40.09; -82.48 | |
| Country |  United States |
| State |  Ohio |
| Founded | March 1, 1808[1] |
| Seat | Newark |
| Largest city | Newark |
| Area | |
• Total | 687 sq mi (1,780 km2) |
| • Land | 683 sq mi (1,770 km2) |
| • Water | 5.0 sq mi (13 km2) 0.7% |
| Population (2020) | |
• Total | 178,519 |
• Estimate (2024) | 184,898 |
| • Density | 261/sq mi (101/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (Eastern) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
| Congressional district | 12th |
| Website | www |
Licking County is located in the central portion of theU.S. state ofOhio. At the2020 census, the population was 178,519.[2] Itscounty seat isNewark.[3] The county was formed on January 30, 1808, from portions ofFairfield County.
It isnamed after theLicking River, which is thought to be named for thesalt licks that were in the area.[4] However, one account explains it as an English pronunciation of the river's indigenousDelaware nameW'li/'ik'/nk, which means "where the flood waters recede".[5]
Licking County is part of theColumbus, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area.
According to theUnited States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 687 square miles (1,780 km2), of which 683 square miles (1,770 km2) is land and 5.0 square miles (13 km2) (0.7%) is water.[6] It is the third-largest county in Ohio by land area.
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1810 | 3,852 | — | |
| 1820 | 11,861 | 207.9% | |
| 1830 | 20,869 | 75.9% | |
| 1840 | 35,096 | 68.2% | |
| 1850 | 38,846 | 10.7% | |
| 1860 | 37,011 | −4.7% | |
| 1870 | 35,756 | −3.4% | |
| 1880 | 40,450 | 13.1% | |
| 1890 | 43,279 | 7.0% | |
| 1900 | 47,070 | 8.8% | |
| 1910 | 55,590 | 18.1% | |
| 1920 | 56,426 | 1.5% | |
| 1930 | 59,962 | 6.3% | |
| 1940 | 62,279 | 3.9% | |
| 1950 | 70,645 | 13.4% | |
| 1960 | 90,242 | 27.7% | |
| 1970 | 107,799 | 19.5% | |
| 1980 | 120,981 | 12.2% | |
| 1990 | 128,300 | 6.0% | |
| 2000 | 145,491 | 13.4% | |
| 2010 | 166,492 | 14.4% | |
| 2020 | 178,519 | 7.2% | |
| 2024 (est.) | 184,898 | [7] | 3.6% |
| U.S. Decennial Census[8] 1790-1960[9] 1900-1990[10] 1990-2000[11] 2010-2020[2] | |||
| Race / Ethnicity(NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 1980[12] | Pop 1990[13] | Pop 2000[14] | Pop 2010[15] | Pop 2020[16] | % 1980 | % 1990 | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White alone (NH) | 117,805 | 124,737 | 138,498 | 153,811 | 152,935 | 97.37% | 97.22% | 95.19% | 92.38% | 85.67% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 2,021 | 2,198 | 2,966 | 5,643 | 7,142 | 1.67% | 1.71% | 2.04% | 3.39% | 4.00% |
| Native American orAlaska Native alone (NH) | 168 | 244 | 414 | 436 | 386 | 0.14% | 0.19% | 0.28% | 0.26% | 0.22% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 331 | 459 | 841 | 1,224 | 4,999 | 0.27% | 0.36% | 0.58% | 0.74% | 2.80% |
| Native Hawaiian orPacific Islander alone (NH) | x[17] | x[18] | 27 | 33 | 45 | x | x | 0.02% | 0.02% | 0.03% |
| Other race alone (NH) | 120 | 58 | 173 | 183 | 787 | 0.10% | 0.05% | 0.12% | 0.11% | 0.44% |
| Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | x[19] | x[20] | 1,465 | 2,850 | 8,237 | x | x | 1.01% | 1.71% | 4.61% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 536 | 604 | 1,107 | 2,312 | 3,988 | 0.44% | 0.47% | 0.76% | 1.39% | 2.23% |
| Total | 120,981 | 128,300 | 145,491 | 166,492 | 178,519 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
As of thecensus of 2010, there were 166,492 people, 63,989 households, and 45,162 families living in the county.[21] The population density was 243.9 inhabitants per square mile (94.2/km2). There were 69,291 housing units at an average density of 101.5 units per square mile (39.2 units/km2).[22] Theracial makeup of the county was 93.2% white, 3.4% black or African American, 0.7% Asian, 0.3% American Indian, 0.4% from other races, and 1.9% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 1.4% of the population.[21] In terms of ancestry, 29.5% wereGerman, 16.0% wereIrish, 13.0% wereEnglish, 10.8% wereAmerican, and 5.5% wereItalian.[23]
Of the 63,989 households, 34.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.5% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 29.4% were non-families, and 23.8% of households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.00. The median age was 39.1 years.[21]
The median household income was $53,291 and the median family income was $64,386. Males had a median income of $47,391 versus $37,054 for females. The per capita income for the county was $25,534. About 8.2% of families and 11.1% of the population were below thepoverty line, including 15.7% of those under age 18 and 6.5% of those age 65 or over.[24]
As of thecensus of 2000, there were 146,491 people, 55,609 households, and 40,149 families living in the county. The population density was 212 inhabitants per square mile (82/km2). There were 58,760 housing units at an average density of 86 units per square mile (33 units/km2). Theracial makeup of the county was 95.64% White, 2.06% Black or African American, 0.30% Native American, 0.58% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.30% from other races, and 1.10% from two or more races. 0.76% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.[25]Of the 55,609 households 34.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.50% were married couples living together, 10.00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.80% were non-families. 23.10% of households were one person and 9.10% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.01.
The age distribution was 26.00% under the age of 18, 8.80% from 18 to 24, 29.40% from 25 to 44, 23.90% from 45 to 64, and 11.90% 65 or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 94.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.00 males.
The median household income was $44,124 and the median family income was $51,969. Males had a median income of $37,957 versus $26,884 for females. The per capita income for the county was $20,581. About 5.50% of families and 7.50% of the population were below thepoverty line, including 9.10% of those under age 18 and 7.50% of those age 65 or over.
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party(ies) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| 2024 | 61,359 | 64.20% | 32,832 | 34.35% | 1,390 | 1.45% |
| 2020 | 59,514 | 63.05% | 33,055 | 35.02% | 1,827 | 1.94% |
| 2016 | 51,241 | 61.28% | 27,376 | 32.74% | 5,007 | 5.99% |
| 2012 | 45,503 | 55.80% | 34,201 | 41.94% | 1,846 | 2.26% |
| 2008 | 46,918 | 56.82% | 33,932 | 41.09% | 1,720 | 2.08% |
| 2004 | 49,016 | 61.72% | 30,053 | 37.84% | 351 | 0.44% |
| 2000 | 37,180 | 59.52% | 23,196 | 37.13% | 2,090 | 3.35% |
| 1996 | 28,276 | 48.78% | 22,624 | 39.03% | 7,067 | 12.19% |
| 1992 | 26,918 | 44.54% | 18,898 | 31.27% | 14,618 | 24.19% |
| 1988 | 34,540 | 66.72% | 16,793 | 32.44% | 434 | 0.84% |
| 1984 | 37,560 | 72.26% | 13,995 | 26.93% | 421 | 0.81% |
| 1980 | 28,425 | 58.28% | 17,208 | 35.28% | 3,136 | 6.43% |
| 1976 | 23,518 | 53.78% | 19,247 | 44.01% | 968 | 2.21% |
| 1972 | 28,070 | 66.47% | 12,460 | 29.50% | 1,702 | 4.03% |
| 1968 | 19,542 | 48.89% | 15,021 | 37.58% | 5,407 | 13.53% |
| 1964 | 15,096 | 39.25% | 23,364 | 60.75% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1960 | 23,653 | 63.95% | 13,335 | 36.05% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1956 | 21,912 | 67.44% | 10,581 | 32.56% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1952 | 20,385 | 63.50% | 11,718 | 36.50% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1948 | 15,164 | 54.62% | 12,511 | 45.07% | 87 | 0.31% |
| 1944 | 16,815 | 56.74% | 12,819 | 43.26% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1940 | 16,288 | 49.86% | 16,379 | 50.14% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1936 | 11,958 | 39.37% | 17,785 | 58.56% | 629 | 2.07% |
| 1932 | 13,355 | 48.01% | 13,904 | 49.99% | 556 | 2.00% |
| 1928 | 19,130 | 72.14% | 7,244 | 27.32% | 143 | 0.54% |
| 1924 | 13,914 | 58.49% | 7,428 | 31.23% | 2,446 | 10.28% |
| 1920 | 11,924 | 51.89% | 10,679 | 46.47% | 378 | 1.64% |
| 1916 | 5,935 | 40.93% | 8,183 | 56.43% | 382 | 2.63% |
| 1912 | 4,487 | 33.73% | 6,120 | 46.01% | 2,694 | 20.25% |
| 1908 | 6,756 | 44.55% | 7,685 | 50.67% | 725 | 4.78% |
| 1904 | 6,798 | 51.04% | 6,019 | 45.19% | 503 | 3.78% |
| 1900 | 5,854 | 46.09% | 6,716 | 52.88% | 130 | 1.02% |
| 1896 | 5,560 | 45.32% | 6,611 | 53.89% | 96 | 0.78% |
| 1892 | 4,619 | 41.97% | 6,038 | 54.87% | 348 | 3.16% |
| 1888 | 4,867 | 43.04% | 6,199 | 54.82% | 241 | 2.13% |
| 1884 | 4,599 | 42.97% | 5,958 | 55.67% | 145 | 1.35% |
| 1880 | 4,210 | 42.62% | 5,575 | 56.44% | 93 | 0.94% |
| 1876 | 3,962 | 41.84% | 5,473 | 57.79% | 35 | 0.37% |
| 1872 | 3,493 | 43.01% | 4,562 | 56.17% | 67 | 0.82% |
| 1868 | 3,487 | 44.03% | 4,432 | 55.97% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1864 | 3,312 | 46.22% | 3,853 | 53.78% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1860 | 3,502 | 47.06% | 3,154 | 42.38% | 786 | 10.56% |
| 1856 | 3,027 | 44.42% | 3,371 | 49.46% | 417 | 6.12% |
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party(ies) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| 2024 | 55,320 | 58.66% | 35,373 | 37.51% | 3,616 | 3.83% |
Prior to 1944, Licking County primarily supported Democratic Party candidates in presidential elections, only voting for Republican candidates five times from 1856 to 1940 in five national landslides for the party. From 1944 onward, the county has become a Republican stronghold presidentially, with the only Democratic presidential candidate to win the county since then beingLyndon B. Johnson in the midst of his 1964 national landslide.
Since Licking County's establishment in 1808, businesses and industries have served as a source of employment, generating income and promoting economic growth. Notable industries include manufacturing, retail and wholesale trade, health care and social assistance, accommodation and food services. Manufacturing,agriculture, and services prove to be the major sectors of Licking County's industry.[28]
Manufacturing is one of the largest industry sectors in Licking County.[29] Major establishments and advancements have been made by manufacturing facilities in the county by renowned companies or corporations, namelyInvenergy,Armstrong World Industries,Intel, andAtkore.[30][31] These investments have provided Licking County residents with a diverse range of employment opportunities and facilitated its economic growth. However, in the past many other successful manufacturing companies have come to a close, such asLongaberger, Fyrepel, Meritor plant in Heath, andE.T. Rugg.[32][33][34] This shows the competitiveness of economic activity in the county. Theglass-making industry, which has been established since the late 19th century from Newark with natural gas supplies, sand quarry, and cheap labor, is also a significant manufacturing sector in Licking County.[35]
Agriculture is regarded as atraditional cornerstone of Licking County. It secures the earnings and living of the residents by offering a variety of crops and livestock, such as corn, wheat, cattle, and goats.Charles Metz and Brothers Meat Market, a local agricultural company located in Newark, is a well known meat provider for regional butchers and markets.[36]Weiant Greenhouses was another local company that grew lettuce. It covered five acres of glass structures, becoming one of the largest greenhouses in Ohio and providing vegetables to three nearby states during its time. Unfortunately, it came to a close after a destructive storm in 1978.[37] While modern farmers have multiple advantages such as better agricultural equipment, pesticides and fertilizers, many have encountered challenges due to an increase in the cost of producing crops and raising livestock, and a declining payout as well.[38]
The service industry, as a whole, has provided jobs for more than 30% of the employed population in Licking County.[29] From housing and dining services to entertainment services, a variety of services have been available in Licking County. Among these,Education Services andAccommodations & Food Services are considered the major forms of services. Educational institutions in Licking County includeDenison University,Newark City Schools, andColumbus State Community College.[29]
Licking County continues to see substantial growth in industries across multiple fields, especially traditional companies with major distribution. Manufacturing, Retail Trade, Health Care and Social Assistance are the top three industries in Licking County's employment for recent years.[39]
From 2017 to 2022, the number of jobs increased by 22.6% in Licking County, compared to the national growth rate of 3.8%. The number of jobs is projected to grow an additional 7,455 over the next 5 years. Licking County's manufacturing economy continued to grow with a 12% increase in manufacturing jobs between 2017 and 2022.[40]
In January 2022Intel announced their intention to build a $20 billion semiconductor plant in Licking County that would employ up to 3,000 workers. The facility will be built on a 3,190-acre site (1,290 ha) that has been annexed from theJersey Township toNew Albany.[41] In March 2023,Invenergy invested $600 million in Illuminate USA, with the goal of manufacturing high-quality domestic solar panels and creating 850 new, high-paying jobs.[40]
Top 10 employers in Licking County (2018):[42]
Licking County high school athletic programs include Granville High School,Heath High School,Johnstown-Monroe High School,Lakewood High School,Licking Valley High School,Licking Heights High School,Newark Catholic High School,Newark High School,Northridge High School,Utica High School, andWatkins Memorial High School. In baseball, a state title has been won by a Licking County high school team every year since to 2002, when three Licking County teams won state titles. Newark Catholic High School and Heath High School have combined for nine state titles in a six-year span.
Licking County schools won at least one state title in four straight sport seasons: Heath in both baseball and boys track and field (2007), Newark Catholic in football (2007), Newark in boys basketball (2008) and Lakewood in softball (2008).
In line withnational and regional trends, opioid misuse led to increased rates of overdose and fatalities in Licking County over the last two decades.[46][47]Opioids, which encompass a variety of drugs, are often used for pain relief.[48] However, when opioids are taken in large doses, they can be fatal.[48] Synthetic varieties of opioids, such as fentanyl, have been listed as one of the main contributors to the ongoing crisis.[48] Evidence indicates that the opioid and overdose crises in Licking County have been affected by unemployment in the region, economic inequalities, and local, state, and federal responses to the crises.[46] Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, one director of a residential treatment center attributed isolation to the rise in overdose deaths across Licking County.[49] Others have attributed the rise in overdose deaths to a rise in fentanyl and its analogues in the drug supply.[46]
Since 2001, unintentional drug overdose deaths in Licking County have increased.[50] Between 2001 and 2010, the number of unintentional overdose fatalities per year ranged from four to 24.[50] From 2011 to 2020, annual overdose deaths ranged from 13 to 47 per year.[50] In 2022, 58 people died in Licking County due to unintetional drug overdoses.[50] Licking County Memorial Health Systems found out that when focusing on fentanyl related deaths, the number increased by over 1000% between 2014 and 2018, from 2 to 21 deaths.[51] The Licking County Health Department reported that fentanyl played a role in nearly three quarters of overdose deaths in 2020 and 2021.[50]
In 2020, the Licking County Health Department introduced a new overdose mapping system that began tracking fatal and nonfatal overdose cases in the region.[49] The system was designed, in part, to identify surges in overdoses that could then allow for more efficient and effective distribution ofnaloxone, a drug that reverses opioid overdose.[49] It is possible that the recent increases in overdoses throughout Licking County may be the result of more overdoses being reported across the county as a result of overdose mapping.[49]
In 2021, of the 47 opioid related death, the primary group affected was white males between the ages 25-44. Annual data from the Licking County overdose fatality review illustrates 72% of overdoses in 2021 were male, while the remaining 28% were female.[52] The most affected age range was 35-44 years old, with 15 deaths, followed closely by those aged 25-34, with 14 deaths.[52] Additionally, 94% of deaths in 2021 were White/Caucasian and 6% were Black/African American. Regarding the level of education of those affected, 59.6% were high school graduates or had a GED, while 17% did not graduate high school. Additionally, 12.8% had a college education without a degree, and 8.5% held a college undergraduate degree.[52]
Syringe services programs (SSPs) offer drug users clean injection equipment and often other services, like referrals to treatment facilities, access to naloxone, and screenings for disease.[53] Evidence indicates that SSPs help prevent the spread of disease, increase the likelihood that drug users will enter treatment, and decrease overdose deaths.[53] Unsanitary syringe use has been a cause for the Hepatitis-C cases in the County.[54] Despite these facts, in 2019, the Licking County Health Department unanimously voted against implementing a syringe exchange program in the county, and in 2024 it indicated that it was not willing to revisit its decision.[54] Various organizations have taken issue with the Health Department's, decision, such as Licking County's branch of OhioCAN.
Various programs have emerged in Licking County to address the opioid and overdose crises.The Licking County Linkages Program helps individuals recovering from substance addiction by providing health care.[55] In addition, their goals also revolve around reducing stigmas surrounding substance abuse as well as informing the general public of the dangers of drug consumption.[55] Other services throughout Licking County include disposal of unwanted pills which can be done at several police stations within the county.
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Places adjacent to Licking County, Ohio | |
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Municipalities and communities ofLicking County, Ohio,United States | ||
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| Townships | ||
| CDPs | ||
| Unincorporated communities | ||
| Ghost towns | ||
| Footnotes | ‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties | |
| International | |
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| National | |
| Other | |
