Lichuan 利川市 Lichwan | |
|---|---|
 Lichuan Railway Station | |
  Lichuan Location in Hubei | |
| Coordinates:30°17′28″N108°56′11″E / 30.2910°N 108.9364°E /30.2910; 108.9364 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Hubei |
| Prefecture | Enshi |
| Township-level divisions | 2 subdistricts 6 towns 6 townships |
| Municipal seat | Duting Subdistrict (都亭街道) |
| Area | |
| 4,612.19 km2 (1,780.78 sq mi) | |
| • Urban | 133.00 km2 (51.35 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 1,083 m (3,553 ft) |
| Population (2020) | |
| 750,670 | |
| • Density | 162.76/km2 (421.54/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 337,946 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Area code | 0718 |
| Website | lichuan |
Lichuan (Chinese:利川市;pinyin:Lìchuān) is acounty-level city of theEnshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, in southwesternHubei province, People's Republic of China, located 52 kilometres (32 mi) west ofEnshi City, the prefecture seat. It bordersChongqing Municipality to the southwest, west, and north. It has 750,670 inhabitants.[3]
Lichuan is believed to be the location of most (if not all) of the naturally growingMetasequoia glyptostroboides trees in existence. The genusMetasequoia, related to the giantredwoods of North America, was first described as a fossil from theMesozoic Era in 1941. But in 1943 a small stand of an unidentified tree was discovered in Modaoxi (磨刀溪), presently known asMoudao (谋道) Town, in Lichuan County, by Zhan Wang.[4] After the end of theWorld War II, this tree species was officially described as the only living species ofMetasequoia, and given the scientific nameMetasequoia glyptostroboides. In 1948 theArnold Arboretum ofHarvard University sent an expedition to Lichuan to collect seeds and, soon after, seedling trees were distributed to various universities andarboreta worldwide for growth trials.
Presently, a number of naturalMetasequoia populations exist in the hills and wetlands of Lichuan. Most of these groups are small, with fewer than 30 trees each; however, the largest of them, in Xiaohe Valley, is estimated to consist of around 5,400 trees.[4] Outside of Lichuan, a few trees are also said to exist in theHunan Province.[4]
TheTenglong Cave is located within a few miles from Lichuan.
There are twosubdistricts, seventowns, and fivetownships under the city's administration:[1][5][6][7]
Two subdistricts:
Seven towns:
Five townships:
| Climate data for Lichuan, elevation 1,074 m (3,524 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 17.5 (63.5) | 21.9 (71.4) | 30.3 (86.5) | 32.0 (89.6) | 31.6 (88.9) | 33.7 (92.7) | 36.4 (97.5) | 35.9 (96.6) | 33.2 (91.8) | 28.0 (82.4) | 23.9 (75.0) | 19.7 (67.5) | 36.4 (97.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 5.8 (42.4) | 8.1 (46.6) | 13.0 (55.4) | 18.7 (65.7) | 22.3 (72.1) | 25.4 (77.7) | 28.0 (82.4) | 28.1 (82.6) | 23.7 (74.7) | 18.2 (64.8) | 13.6 (56.5) | 8.0 (46.4) | 17.7 (63.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 2.4 (36.3) | 4.4 (39.9) | 8.2 (46.8) | 13.5 (56.3) | 17.4 (63.3) | 20.7 (69.3) | 23.2 (73.8) | 22.7 (72.9) | 18.9 (66.0) | 13.7 (56.7) | 9.1 (48.4) | 4.0 (39.2) | 13.2 (55.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0.0 (32.0) | 1.7 (35.1) | 4.9 (40.8) | 9.7 (49.5) | 13.8 (56.8) | 17.3 (63.1) | 19.9 (67.8) | 19.1 (66.4) | 15.6 (60.1) | 10.9 (51.6) | 6.1 (43.0) | 1.4 (34.5) | 10.0 (50.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −10.2 (13.6) | −9.0 (15.8) | −5.1 (22.8) | 0.3 (32.5) | 5.1 (41.2) | 9.2 (48.6) | 11.4 (52.5) | 12.3 (54.1) | 7.0 (44.6) | 0.5 (32.9) | −3.7 (25.3) | −8.6 (16.5) | −10.2 (13.6) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 24.5 (0.96) | 32.0 (1.26) | 63.3 (2.49) | 118.5 (4.67) | 179.1 (7.05) | 191.1 (7.52) | 197.8 (7.79) | 158.1 (6.22) | 122.4 (4.82) | 104.4 (4.11) | 63.9 (2.52) | 22.4 (0.88) | 1,277.5 (50.29) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 12.7 | 12.1 | 13.9 | 15.7 | 17.6 | 16.8 | 16.8 | 14.8 | 13.0 | 15.2 | 12.3 | 10.6 | 171.5 |
| Average snowy days | 11.6 | 7.0 | 2.6 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.9 | 5.7 | 28 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 80 | 79 | 78 | 78 | 79 | 81 | 81 | 80 | 81 | 83 | 82 | 80 | 80 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 50.7 | 46.0 | 85.1 | 109.5 | 116.7 | 114.1 | 158.6 | 176.7 | 115.0 | 87.9 | 75.2 | 63.1 | 1,198.6 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 16 | 14 | 23 | 28 | 28 | 27 | 37 | 43 | 31 | 25 | 24 | 20 | 26 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[8][9] all-time extreme temperature[10][11] | |||||||||||||
China National Highway 318 runs through Lichuan on its way fromEnshi toWanzhou,Chongqing.G50 Shanghai–Chongqing Expressway also passes to the south of the city centre.
Until the opening of theYiwan Railway in 2010, there were no railways in Lichuan (or anywhere in Enshi Prefecture). NowLichuan Station has regular service toChengdu,Wuhan, and points beyond. In the future, Lichuan will become a junction where the futureYuli Railway (the line from Lichuan towardChongqing) will join the Yiwan Railway mainline (fromYichang via Lichuan to Wanzhou, with further connections toChengdu).
Proposals have also been made for the construction of a tourist scenic railway between Lichuan Railway Station and the region's popular tourist attractions, theTenglong Cave and theEnshi Grand Canyon Scenic Area (恩施大峡谷景区).[12]
2004年末，利川市面积4612.19平方千米，{...}2010年第六次人口普查，利川市常住总人口654094人，其中：都亭街道80586人，东城街道40001人，谋道镇44236人，柏杨坝镇60771人，汪营镇60984人，建南镇47264人，忠路镇59539人，团堡镇59580人，凉雾乡43379人，元堡乡23067人，南坪乡35593人，文斗乡50015人，毛坝乡25913人，沙溪乡21674人，福宝山生态综合开发区1492人。 2013年，撤销毛坝乡，设立毛坝镇（鄂民政发[2013]6号）。调整后，全市辖2个街道、7个镇、5个乡：都亭街道、东城街道、谋道镇、柏杨坝镇、汪营镇、建南镇、忠路镇、团堡镇、毛坝镇、凉雾乡、元堡乡、南坪乡、文斗乡、沙溪乡。
全市总面积4600余平方公里，东西宽92公里，南北长105公里，辖2街道、7镇、5乡。[dead link]
统计用区划代码 名称 422802001000 都亭街道办事处 422802002000 东城街道办事处 422802100000 谋道镇 422802101000 柏杨坝镇 422802102000 汪营镇 422802103000 建南镇 422802104000 忠路镇 422802105000 团堡镇 422802106000 毛坝镇 422802200000 凉雾乡 422802201000 元堡乡 422802202000 南坪乡 422802203000 文斗乡 422802205000 沙溪乡 422802400000 佛宝山生态综合开发区
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