In medieval times the Main river served as the border between the two main states possessing lands in this territory: theBishopric of Bamberg, and the County ofAndechs. The castle of Lichtenfels was property of Andechs, which later fell under the Duchy ofMerania. In 1248 the Dukes of Merania became extinct, and the entire region was annexed by the clerical state of Bamberg. In 1803 the clerical states of Germany were dissolved, and the Bishopric of Bamberg fell to Bavaria.
The district was established in 1972 by merging the former districts of Lichtenfels and Staffelstein.
Yellow and blue were the colours ofAndechs resp.Merania. The bishopric of Bamberg is symbolised by the heraldic lion of Bamberg. On the left side there are the orb and the crown of theHoly Roman Empire.