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Liberalism and radicalism are important political movements inRomania. Manypolitical parties from these traditions have had important historical roles and substantial support, including representation in theParliament of Romania. Not allRomanian political parties relevant to this tradition have explicitly described themselves asliberal orradical.

This sectionneeds expansion with: other parties and movements. You can help byadding to it.(June 2024)

Liberalism has been one of the major political forces inRomania since theWallachian Revolution of 1848.

The first RomanianNational Liberal Party (PNL) was active from 1875 until both its major factions were quashed in 1947 and 1950 by the communist government. Thecontemporary National Liberal Party (also PNL) was re-founded in 1990 after theRomanian Revolution.^[1] Thecentre-right PNL has had notable factions, splits and mergers, including the re-absorption of breakaway parties. For example, theright-wing and pro-GermanNational Liberal Party–Brătianu reunited with the rest of the party in 1938^[2] after splitting off in 1930.^[3] More recently, theAlliance of Liberals and Democrats (ALDE) split from the PNL and was a junior partner in acoalition government with theSocial Democratic Party (PSD) between 2017 and 2019, before merging again with the PNL in early 2022.^[4]

Note: The sign ⇒ denotes another party in this scheme.

• 1822:Ionică Tăutu, representing a group of low-rankingboyars inMoldavia, proposed a constitutional project with republican and liberal principles
• 1834:Ion Câmpineanu leads the liberal opposition toRussian influence inWallachia'sNational Assembly
• 1840:Mitică Filipescu led a radical,carbonari-inspiredconspiracy in Wallachia
• 1840:Mihail Kogălniceanu published the short-livedDacia Literară, aRomantic nationalist and liberal magazine, engendering aliterary society
• 1843:Nicolae Bălcescu and others led theFrăţia radical conspiracy in Wallachia
• 1845: Radical students from both Wallachia and Moldavia foundedSocietatea Studenţilor Români (the "Society of Romanian Students") in Paris
• 1848: The unsuccessfulMoldavian revolution, during which Moldavian liberals issued aPetition-Proclamation
• 1848: The liberal-mindedBlaj Assemblies inTransylvania, in the context ofrevolutions inside the Austrian Empire
• 1848: TheWallachian revolution – liberals formed a Provisional Government inBucharest, and were divided over the issue ofland reform, with a radical current forming around Bălcescu
• 1856: The liberal current formed the majority inPartida Naţională, a loose group supporting the union of theDanubian Principalities
• 1859: After the union, liberals formed a distinct faction in theParliament of Romania
• 1864:DomnitorAlexandru Ioan Cuza established a personal regime, in order to pass liberal legislation against mounting opposition
• 1866: Mainstream liberals supported Cuza's removal from the throne; a faction of the liberal current opposed to thenew constitution formed the Moldavian-basedFracţiunea liberă şi independentă, influenced bySimion Bărnuțiu and led byNicolae Ionescu

• 1875: The liberal current organised itself in theNational Liberal Party (Partidul Naţional-Liberal), led byIon Brătianu
• 1884: A faction formed the Radical Party, led byC.A. Rosetti andGeorge Panu
• 1899: The National Liberal Party absorbs the right-wing of theRomanian Social-Democratic Workers' Party
• 1918: ThePeasants' Party absorbs a left-wing tendency in the National Liberal Party formed aroundConstantin Stere
• 1929: A faction formed the ⇒ National Liberal Party-Brătianu
• 1931: A faction formed the Liberal Democratic Party, which remained unsuccessful. The same year a majority of the Brătianu party returned in the National Liberal Party
• 1938: The rest of the Brătianu party returned in the National Liberal Party
• 1938: The party is banned byKingCarol II
• 1944: The party resumed its activities
• 1944: A faction formed the ⇒ National Liberal Party-Tătărescu
• 1947: The Brătianu faction dissolves itself
• 1990:A party claiming the National Liberal legacy is founded byRadu Câmpeanu^[5]
• 1990: A youth faction of the National Liberal Party formed the ⇒ Liberal Party Youth Wing
• 1991: A faction formed the ⇒ National Liberal Party-Democratic Convention
• 1995: The ⇒ Liberal party 1993 merged into the National Liberal Party, the ⇒ National Liberal Party-Câmpeanu seceded from the party
• 1998: The party absorbed the ⇒ Civic Alliance Party
• 2002: The Alliance for Romania (Alianţa pentru România) merged into the National Liberal Party
• 2003: The Union of Right-Wing Forces (Uniunea Forţelor de Dreapta) and the ⇒ National Liberal Party-Câmpeanu merged into the party

• 1929: A breakaway faction of the ⇒ National Liberal Party (PNL) formed theNational Liberal Party–Brătianu (Romanian:Partidul Naţional Liberal-Brătianu), supportingGheorghe I. Brătianu as its president;
• 1931: Most of the party returned to the ⇒ National Liberal Party (PNL);
• 1938: The party reunited with the ⇒ National Liberal Party (PNL).

• 1944: A faction of the ⇒ National Liberal Party (PNL) formed theNational Liberal Party–Tătărescu (Romanian:Partidul Naţional Liberal-Tătărescu, PNL-T) which was presided initially by former Prime Minister and PNL memberGheorghe Tătărescu (who was also previously a member of theNational Renaissance Front, FRN) and then, subsequently, byPetre Bejan towards the end of its political existence;
• 1946: The party ran in thatyear's Romanian general election with theRomanian Communist Party (PCR) and thePloughmen's Front (FP), being part of thePeople's Democratic Front (Romanian:Frontul Democrației Populare, FDP) which at that time ran as theBloc of Democratic Parties (Romanian:Blocul Partidelor Democratice, BPD). The election was fraudulently won by the Communists. The party was briefly part of the Communist-dominated governmental coalition led byPetru Groza between 1946 until 1947;
• 1948: The party decided to ran separately in thatyear's Romanian legislative election, in opposition towards the Bloc of Democratic Parties (BPD). It entered theunicameralParliament (or, as it was now back then, theGreat National Assembly) with a very feeble number of elected representatives, more specifically 7. For that year's legislative election, the party leadership switched from Tătărescu to Bejan and remained as such during the upcoming years;
• 1950: The party ceased its political activity, being banned (or dissolved) by the Romanian Communist Party (PCR).

• 1990: A youth faction of the ⇒ National Liberal Party (PNL) formed theNational Liberal Party Youth Wing (Romanian:Partidul Naţional Liberal-Aripa Tînără, PNL-AT) in opposition to then leadership of the party which was presided byRadu Câmpeanu;
• 1992: The party was renamedLiberal Party (Romanian:Partidul Liberal) and was led byHoria Rusu;
• 1993: The Liberal Party merged with the ⇒ National Liberal Party-Democratic Convention (PNL-CD) and theGroup for Moral and Political Reforms into theLiberal Party 1993 (Romanian:Partidul Liberal 1993, PL '93), joined by a faction of the ⇒ Civic Alliance Party (PAC);
• 1995: The party merged into the ⇒ National Liberal Party (PNL).

• 1991: A section of theCivic Alliance (PAC) non-governmental organization established theCivic Alliance Party (Romanian:Partidul Alianţa Civică), led byNicolae Manolescu;
• 1993: A faction joined the ⇒Liberal Party 1993;
• 1998: The party merged into the ⇒ National Liberal Party (PNL).

• 1991: A faction of the ⇒ National Liberal Party (PNL) formed theNational Liberal Party-Democratic Convention (Romanian:Partidul Naţional Liberal-Convenţia Democrată, PNL-CD), in opposition toRadu Câmpeanu, then incumbent PNL president, who withdrew the party from theRomanian Democratic Convention (CDR) shortly before the1992 Romanian general election;
• 1993: The party merged into the ⇒Liberal Party 1993.

• 1995: A faction of the ⇒ National Liberal Party (PNL) centered around former PNL president,Provisional Council of National Unity (CPUN) vice-president, and Senate vice-presidentRadu Câmpeanu formed theNational Liberal Party-Câmpeanu (Romanian:Partidul Naţional-Liberal-Câmpeanu, PNL-C);
• 2003: The party merged into the ⇒ National Liberal Party (PNL).

• 1997: A faction of the ⇒Party for Social Democracy of Romania (PDSR) formed theAlliance for Romania (Romanian:Alianța pentru România, ApR) presided by formerFDSNMinister of Foreign AffairsTeodor Meleșcanu;
• 2002: The party merged into the ⇒ National Liberal Party (PNL).

• 1990: TheNational Salvation Front (FSN) was founded;
• 1992: Conflict broke between FSN leadersIon Iliescu andPetre Roman which led to the break-away of the wing supporting Iliescu known as theDemocratic National Salvation Front (FDSN);
• 1993: Under the leadership of former FSN Prime Minister Petre Roman, the FSN changed its name to theDemocratic Party (PD),^[6] adoptingsocial democracy andsocial liberalism as main ideologies;
• 2004: The National Liberal Party (PNL) and Democratic Party (PD) formed the ⇒Justice and Truth Alliance (DA) and joined a government coalition after the2004 legislative and presidential elections;
• 2005: PD abandonssocial democracy andsocial liberalism in favour ofsocial conservatism andneoliberalism;
• 2006: The Justice and Truth Alliance (DA) was disbanded and a faction of the National Liberal Party (PNL) formed the ⇒Liberal Democratic Party (Romanian:Partidul Democrat Liberal, PLD) presided by former PNL president and former FSN Prime MinisterTheodor Stolojan;
• 2007: The Liberal Democratic Party (PLD) merged with the Democratic Party (PD) and formed ⇒ the Democratic Liberal Party (PDL);
• 2014: The Democratic Liberal Party (PDL) merged into the ⇒ National Liberal Party (PNL).

• 2014: A faction of the ⇒ National Liberal Party (PNL) formed theLiberal Reformist Party (Romanian:Partidul Liberal Reformator, PLR);
• 2015: The Liberal Reformist Party (PLR) merged into theAlliance of Liberals and Democrats (Romanian:Alianța Liberalilor și Democraților, ALDE);
• 2022: The party merged into ⇒ National Liberal Party (PNL).

• 2021: A faction of the ⇒ National Liberal Party (PNL) led by formerPrime Minister and PNL presidentLudovic Orban formed theForce of the Right^[7] (Romanian:Forța Dreptei, FD) in opposition to current PNL presidency officially led byNicolae Ciucă and unofficially byKlaus Iohannis.

• History of Romania
• Politics of Romania
• List of political parties in Romania

• (in Romanian)Ioan Scurtu, Theodora Stănescu-Stanciu, Georgiana Margareta Scurtu,Istoria românilor între anii 1918–1940: IV. Partidele politice în primul deceniu interbelic (political programs of major parties in interwar Romania)

• Liberalism and radicalism by country
• Politics of Romania

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