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Liberal Party[a] 자유당 自由黨 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Leader | Lee Jae-hak (politician) [ko] |
| Founder | Syngman Rhee |
| Founded | 17 December 1951 (74 years, 59 days) (first iteration) 7 September 1963 (62 years, 160 days) (second iteration) |
| Dissolved | 16 May 1961 (64 years, 274 days) (first iteration) 24 January 1970 (56 years, 21 days) (second iteration) |
| Preceded by |
|
| Merged into | New Democratic |
| Headquarters | Seoul, South Korea |
| Ideology |
|
| Political position | Far-right[9] |
| Colours | |
TheLiberal Party (Korean: 자유당;Hanja: 自由黨;RR: Jayudang)[a] was afar-rightcorporatist[14] andanti-communist political party in South Korea established in 1951 bySyngman Rhee.
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As the1952 presidential elections neared, Rhee made public his intention to organize a party during his August 15 Speech in 1951.[15] Rhee called Yi Bum-seok, then the ambassador in China, and charged him with creating the Liberal Party. Yi used the strong organizational base of "Korean National Youth Association" (조선민족청년단) as a starting point and incorporated the major five organizations: "National Association for the Rapid Realisation of Korean Independence" (대한독립촉성국민회), "Korean Federation of Labor" (대한노동조합총연맹), "Peasant Federation" (농민조합연맹), and "Korean Council of Wives" (대한부인회) as temporary sub-organizations under the Liberal Party.
Although theLiberal Party name is used, it is not the traditional definition as used in the West. For example, the Liberal Party advocated forIlminism and viewed Western-styleliberalism andindividualism negatively,[16] instead suggesting the need for "Korean-style liberal democracy". One of the main values of Ilminism was theHongik Ingan, based ontraditional conservatism, and theStudents Protection Corps [ko], which is said to be similar toHitlerjugend. To this day,liberal democracy (자유민주주의) in South Korea is still used in a similar sense to "anti-communist system" or "free world against communism" by the conservative camp of South Korea, rather than the same meaning as Westernliberal democracy.[16][17]
As its national values during its reign, the Liberal Party put forward "anti-communist andanti-Japanese" (반공 반일;反共反日) sentiments.[17][18][19] At the same time, the Liberal Party showed a very pro-American tendency,[1][20][21] so it was closer toright-wing populism thanresistance nationalism.[18][19] The Liberal Party supported a discriminatory policy againsthwagyo (화교;華僑) based onKorean ethnic supremacy andanti-PRC sentiment.[22]
| Election | Candidate | Votes | % | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1952 | Syngman Rhee | 5,238,769 | 74.62 | Elected |
| 1956 | 5,046,437 | 69.99 | Elected | |
| March 1960 | 9,633,376 | 100 | Elected |
| Election | Candidate | Votes | % | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1952 | Lee Beom-seok | 1,815,692 | 25.45 | Not elected |
| 1956 | Lee Ki-poong | 3,805,502 | 44.03 | Not elected |
| March 1960 | 8,337,059 | 79.19 | Elected |
| Election | Leader | Votes | % | Seats | Position | Status | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Constituency | Party list | Total | +/– | ||||||
| 1954 | Syngman Rhee | 2,756,081 | 36.79 | 114 / 203 | new | 1st | Government | ||
| 1958 | 3,607,092 | 42.07 | 127 / 233 |  13 | Government | ||||
| 1960 | Cho Gyeong-gyu | 249,960 | 2.75 | 2 / 233 |  125 | 3rd | Opposition | ||
| 1963 | Chang Taek-sang | 271,820 | 2.92 | 0 / 134 | 0 / 44 | 0 / 175 | 2 | 7th | Extra-parliamentary |
| 1967 | Lee Jae-hak | 393,448 | 3.62 | 0 / 134 | 0 / 44 | 0 / 175 |  | 3rd | Extra-parliamentary |
| Election | Leader | Votes | % | Seats | Position | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1960 | Cho Gyeong-gyu | 653,748 | 6.12 | 4 / 58 | 2nd | Opposition |
... Political parties of the time, including Syngman Rhee's extreme right-wing Liberal Party (the Chayudang, which was established in 1951), seem to have felt obliged to include the goal of building a democratic and equitable ...
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