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Liberal Marxism is an approach that combines elements ofMarxism andliberal thought, seeking to reconcile core liberal values such as individual rights and democracy with Marxist critiques of capitalism and class.[1]
Liberal Marxism can also be viewed asliberal socialism in a broad sense, butliberal socialism in a narrow sense often refers to social liberalism or social democracy that supports social ownership and therights of property.[2]Karl Marx is generally known as a critic of liberalism and liberal rights. However, some socialists claim that he praised the achievements of liberalism, such asfreedom of speech, and defended the substantive freedom, only criticizing thefreedom in the greatinequality of wealth and power.[3] Indeed, Karl Marx was himself aradical-liberal and a prominent member of theYoung Hegelians during his youth, a period in which he strongly advocated forfreedom of the press and democratic reforms.[4][5][6]
In the 1980s, liberal Marxists opposed 'ultra-leftist' policies and advocated for reformist socialism. They viewed Westernliberal democracy as a model of institutions capable of restraining the abuse of power, such asfreedom of press and the liberal right to organize.[7]
Today, theChinese Communist Party still advocates "Marxism–Leninism", and there are some "liberal wing" (自由派) intellectuals likeWang Yang andQin Hui.
Socialism with a human face is a slogan related to programs promoted byAlexander Dubček and his colleagues in the late 1960s and sought to promote moderatedemocratization, economic modernization, and political liberalization based on Marxism.
TheJapanese Communist Party (JCP) supports a multi-party liberal democracy that is distinct from authoritarian one-party systems in other communist-ruled countries such as thePeople's Republic of China and theSoviet Union.
Mikhail Gorbachev, the lastGeneral Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, identified himself as a "Marxist" but implementedsocial democratic liberal reforms such asPerestroika andGlasnost, which promoted greater civil liberties and moderate market liberalization.
Liberal Marxism emerged in Russian academic discourse afterdissolution of the Soviet Union, a period of time to explore new economic and ideological frameworks; Russian economistsAleksandr Buzgalin and A. Kolganov published a paper,Do We Need Liberal Marxism? in the July 2004 issue of the Russian economic journalVoprosy Ekonomiki.[8]
... pacific transition to socialism, which led Hollander (2008) to call him the first revisionist. And, on different occasions, Keynes evoked a 'socialism of the future' which is sometimes called social-liberalism or liberal socialism.
Hobhouse was a Liberal politician who argued for 'social liberalism' or 'liberal socialism', i.e. a qualified acceptance of government intervention in the economy. Tillich's green point of the impotence of the Idea apart from The Moot Papers ...
Hence, the remedy for social ills envisaged by Dewey is a regime that might be called "liberal socialism" or "social liberalism," but preferably "social democracy"—that is, a regime where all members enjoy freedom in solidarity.
... and welfare programs, and liberal socialism, or social democracy, that supports economic interventions to promote social justice within the framework of a capitalist economy.
Liberal Socialism was Keynes's particular version of social democracy.
