Liaoyuan 辽源市 Liao-yüan | |
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| Nickname: 大疙瘩 ("Great lump") | |
.png) Liaoyuan City (yellow) in Jilin (light grey) and China | |
  Liaoyuan Location of city centre in Jilin | |
| Coordinates (Liaoyuan municipal government):42°53′17″N125°08′41″E / 42.8880°N 125.1447°E /42.8880; 125.1447 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Jilin |
| County-level divisions | 4 |
| Incorporated (county) | August 4, 1902 |
| Incorporated (County-level city) | October 15, 1948 |
| Incorporated (Prefecture-level city) | October 3, 1983 |
| Municipal seat | Longshan District |
| Government | |
| • Type | Prefecture-level city |
| • CPC Liaoyuan Secretary | Wu Lan |
| • Mayor | Jin Yuhui |
| Area | |
| 5,125 km2 (1,979 sq mi) | |
| • Urban (2017)[1] | 46.30 km2 (17.88 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 260 m (850 ft) |
| Population (2010)[2] | |
| 1,176,645 | |
| • Density | 229.6/km2 (594.6/sq mi) |
| • Urban (2017)[1] | 475,400 |
| • Urban density | 10,270/km2 (26,590/sq mi) |
| GDP[3] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 72.7 billion US$ 11.7 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 59,905 US$ 9,618 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 136200 |
| Area code | 0437 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-JL-04 |
| License Plate Prefix | 吉D |
Liaoyuan (simplified Chinese:辽源;traditional Chinese:遼源;pinyin:Liáoyuán) is aprefecture-level city inJilin province, People's Republic of China. It is bounded on the west and south byTieling ofLiaoning province, west and north bySiping, and east byTonghua andJilin City. Liaoyuan lies some 100 km (62 mi) south ofChangchun, the provincial capital. Covering an area of 5,125 km2 (1,979 sq mi), Liaoyuan is the smallest among theprefecture-level divisions of Jilin. Liaoyuan has a total population of 1,176,645 in the prefecture, while the urban area has a population of 462,233.[2]
Liaoyuan was an imperial hunting ground during theQing dynasty, going by the name Shengjing Paddock (盛京圍場). Ordinary citizens were prohibited from entering this region until late 1800s, when waves of immigrants fromHebei,Shandong andHenan began to populateManchuria (seeChuang Guandong). In 1902, Qing government establishedXi'an County (西安縣) in this region, which became today'sXi'an District.
The discovery ofcoal underground shortly afterwards brought prosperity to the city. Between 1931 and 1945, Xi'an was an important coal-mining city inManchukuo and also the place whereAmerican Army GeneralJonathan M. Wainwright was held as a prisoner. AfterWorld War II, Xi'an County was renamed toBeifeng County (simplified Chinese:北丰县;traditional Chinese:北豐縣) to avoid confusion withXi'an inShaanxi. During theChinese Civil War, Xi'an was a focal point of the intense fighting between theCommunist andNationalist forces until the summer of 1947 when it was permanently captured by the Communist force. The city was renamed Liaoyuan (literally the source of the EastLiao River) in 1952, and the county previously named Liaoyuan was renamed toShuangliao. As acounty-level city, Liaoyuan was underSiping Prefecture's jurisdiction till 1983, when it became a prefecture-level city, administering two districts and two counties.
Liaoyuan has a temperate semi-humid monsoon climate. The average annual sunshine totals 2,580 hours, while the average annual precipitation is just above 620 mm (24 in).[4] The average temperature is 5.78 °C (42.4 °F).[4] Liaoyuan is replete with water resources. There are 56 rivers and streams running through the city, including tributes ofLiao River andSonghua River. In addition, Liaoyuan is also rich in timber and mineral resources. Mineral resources such aslimestone,marble,coal,silica, andwollastonite are abundant. Forests cover 42% of the city's lands.
| Climate data for Liaoyuan, elevation 253 m (830 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2025) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 5.7 (42.3) | 14.6 (58.3) | 24.1 (75.4) | 30.2 (86.4) | 34.6 (94.3) | 36.7 (98.1) | 36.0 (96.8) | 35.8 (96.4) | 31.3 (88.3) | 29.2 (84.6) | 21.2 (70.2) | 12.3 (54.1) | 36.7 (98.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −7.4 (18.7) | −2.4 (27.7) | 5.3 (41.5) | 15.3 (59.5) | 22.4 (72.3) | 26.8 (80.2) | 28.6 (83.5) | 27.3 (81.1) | 22.9 (73.2) | 14.6 (58.3) | 3.5 (38.3) | −5.2 (22.6) | 12.6 (54.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −15.3 (4.5) | −9.9 (14.2) | −1.0 (30.2) | 8.6 (47.5) | 15.9 (60.6) | 20.9 (69.6) | 23.5 (74.3) | 21.9 (71.4) | 15.6 (60.1) | 7.4 (45.3) | −2.7 (27.1) | −12.0 (10.4) | 6.1 (42.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −21.5 (−6.7) | −16.6 (2.1) | −7.1 (19.2) | 1.7 (35.1) | 9.3 (48.7) | 15.2 (59.4) | 18.8 (65.8) | 17.2 (63.0) | 9.4 (48.9) | 1.2 (34.2) | −8.1 (17.4) | −17.8 (0.0) | 0.1 (32.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −41.0 (−41.8) | −36.3 (−33.3) | −27.0 (−16.6) | −13.3 (8.1) | −4.1 (24.6) | 3.1 (37.6) | 9.9 (49.8) | 3.7 (38.7) | −3.3 (26.1) | −14.0 (6.8) | −25.8 (−14.4) | −36.9 (−34.4) | −41.0 (−41.8) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 5.6 (0.22) | 8.1 (0.32) | 15.4 (0.61) | 30.3 (1.19) | 60.0 (2.36) | 92.9 (3.66) | 148.4 (5.84) | 169.0 (6.65) | 52.3 (2.06) | 31.4 (1.24) | 20.0 (0.79) | 8.8 (0.35) | 642.2 (25.29) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 5.3 | 4.1 | 6.2 | 7.3 | 10.9 | 13.5 | 14.3 | 14.0 | 8.5 | 7.6 | 6.8 | 6.7 | 105.2 |
| Average snowy days | 8.1 | 5.9 | 6.9 | 2.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.5 | 6.4 | 8.4 | 39.5 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 71 | 66 | 59 | 53 | 57 | 68 | 79 | 81 | 75 | 68 | 69 | 71 | 68 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 172.9 | 189.1 | 219.1 | 216.0 | 242.0 | 223.7 | 201.3 | 206.7 | 214.8 | 197.9 | 160.2 | 152.9 | 2,396.6 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 59 | 63 | 59 | 54 | 53 | 49 | 44 | 48 | 58 | 59 | 55 | 55 | 55 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[4][5] | |||||||||||||
| Map | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2010 est.) | Area (km2) | Density (/km2) |
| 1 | Longshan District | 龙山区 | Lóngshān Qū | 283,045 | 257 | 1,101 |
| 2 | Xi'an District | 西安区 | Xī'ān Qū | 179,188 | 172 | 1,042 |
| 3 | Dongfeng County | 东丰县 | Dōngfēng Xiàn | 408,679 | 2,522 | 162 |
| 4 | Dongliao County | 东辽县 | Dōngliáo Xiàn | 396,121 | 2,174 | 182 |
Coal mining in Liaoyuan started in lateQing dynasty and continued to be the most important industry for more than 100 years. During theJapanese occupation from 1931 to 1945, Liaoyuan was the second largest coal-mining center ofManchukuo, preceded only byFushun. This city continued to produce approximately 3 million tons ofcoal every year till the mid-1990s, when the exhaustion of coal resource brought the economy of this city to a standstill. The city succeeded in transforming its economic structure from a mining oriented one to a light manufacturing oriented one. At present, the city is the largest cotton-sock manufacturing center in China. Furthermore, thealuminum shell ofAppleMacBook Pro is also manufactured in this city. Liaoyuan has a GDP of RMB 50 billion in 2011, rising 15.6% year on year.[6]
TheChangchun-Liaoyuan Expressway and theSiping-Meihekou Railway run through the city.Changchun Airport is within one and a half-hour's drive from Liaoyuan.
Guandong deer meat is one of the popular dishes among local people since Liaoyuan has a long history of raising deer.
On December 16, 2005, a fire in Liaoyuan Central Hospital killed at least 39 people, 33 of whom were patients. The cause of the fire was wire-aging, as reported by local media.(BBC)
The 15,000-capacityLiaoyuan Stadium is the largest stadium in the city. It opened in 2006 and it is used mostly forassociation football matches. The stadium also has an athletics track.
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