| Liamone | |
|---|---|
 The mouth of Liamone at sunset | |
 Course of the Liamone | |
   | |
| Location | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Corsica |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | Monte Cimatella |
| • elevation | 1,850 m (6,070 ft) |
| Mouth | Mediterranean Sea |
• coordinates | 42°04′41″N8°43′01″E / 42.078°N 8.7169°E /42.078; 8.7169 |
| Length | 40.6 km (25.2 mi) |
TheLiamone (French pronunciation:[ljamɔn];Corsican:Liamonu;Latin:Circidius) river is a river ofCorsica,France. The river gave its name to the former French department ofLiamone. In antiquity, it bore the Latin nameCircidius.[1]
The length of its course is 40.6 kilometres (25.2 mi), entirely within theFrench department ofCorse-du-Sud.It flows through tencommunes:Letia,Murzo,Vico,Rosazia,Arbori,Lopigna,Arro,Ambiegna,Coggia andCasaglione.[2]The Liamone has its source on the western slope ofMonte Cimatella (2,099 meters (6,886 ft)), on the territory of the municipality ofLetia, at an elevation of 1,850 meters (6,070 ft).[3]In its upper course, it forms a waterfall (called Piscia) between elevations 546 meters (1,791 ft) and 514 meters (1,686 ft).After a course of 40.9 kilometres (25.4 mi), it flows into theGulf of Sagone north ofAjaccio, between the two towns ofCoggia andCasaglione.
The Liamone gives its name to theLiamone landscape, an area of Corsica.It is the central watershed in this landscape, the others being theSagone andLiscia rivers.These have created a large alluvial plain along the coast,[4] and in the coastal plain the river makes wide meanders.[5]There are no permanent settlements in the plain, which is unhealthy, apart from a few farms.The only villages are below the ridge that separates the Liamone from the Cinarca to the south.The RD81 road runs along the seaside between beaches and wet meadows.[6]
Upstream the reliefs quickly become steep, with thick vegetation.The sea remains visible, although not the plain, until a high rock barrier below the Cruzinu tributary blocks the view.[5]The east side of the Liamone gorges, where it is followed by the RD4, is almost completely uninhabited.[6]The RD1 connecting Cinarca to Vico passes on the opposite side, less rugged and less wooded.[7]
Above the gorges the topography is less rugged and the land is more inhabited, with many villages surrounded by groves of olives and chestnuts.Above the slopes are covered in pine forest, maquis or grassland.The villages once had a large population secure from the dangers of the coast, and almost self-sufficient economically.[8]Today many of the inhabitants have left, but the fortified town of Vico with its tall houses and the Convent of Saint-François still preserve a strong architectural heritage.[9]
There is a legend that three brothers, Liamone,Golo andTavignano, suffered from the cold in the mountains of the central chain of Corsica.One day they swore to warm themselves by throwing themselves into the sea. Golo and Tavignano reached the sea quickly. Liamone, slowed by the granite rocks, struggled. The Devil came to his rescue when he swore to give him a soul each year. Every year the Liamone or one of its tributaries, the Catena, theFiume Grosso or theCruzini, paid this tribute. The legend explains the capricious flow of this river and its tributaries, sometimes slow but often impetuous.[10]
Pliny the Elder recorded the town of Charax (Ancient Greek:Χάραξ) as being to the West above the Liamone.[11]This name is no longer in use, and it is possible that he recorded a fortification as a town.[12]
Measurements of the river flow were taken at the Pont de Truggia station in Arbori from 1969 to 2021.The watershed above this station covers 322 square kilometres (124 sq mi).The maximum daily flow was 454 cubic metres per second (16,000 cu ft/s) recorded on 3 November 2000.Average annual precipitation was calculated as 904 millimetres (35.6 in).The average flow of water throughout the year was 9.2 cubic metres per second (320 cu ft/s).[13]
| Month | Flow |
|---|---|
| Jan | 15.20 |
| Feb | 16.20 |
| Mar | 12.60 |
| Apr | 11.80 |
| May | 9.300 |
| Jun | 4.070 |
| Jul | 1.290 |
| Aug | 0.893 |
| Sep | 2.690 |
| Oct | 6.330 |
| Nov | 14.30 |
| Dec | 16.40 |
The riversCruzzini (28 km) andGuagno (19 km) are tributaries of the Liamone.The following streams (ruisseaux) are also tributaries of the Liamone (ordered by length) and sub-tributaries:[2]
