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Lezgin alphabets

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Alphabets used to write the Lezgin language
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TheLezgin language has been written in several different alphabets over the course of its history. Thesealphabets have been based on three scripts:Perso-Arabic script,Latin script, andCyrillic script.

History

[edit]
Lezgin Cyrillic alphabet of 1911
1871 Lezgin alphabet

Until 1928,Lezgin was written in Arabic script, which was taught in religious schools. In the early 1920s, it was used in a few secular textbooks.

In parallel with the Arabic alphabet, as alphabet based on Cyrillic compiled by BaronPeter von Uslar in the 1860s was used. In 1911, a slightly modified version of this alphabet was published as a primer[1] used in secular schools.

In 1928, under theSoviet Union'sprocess of Romanization, a Lezgin Latin alphabet was created and this was altered in 1932.

In 1938, as with most other Soviet languages, a new Cyrillic alphabet was created for Lezgin. Changes after its introduction include adding the letter Ё ё and replacing Уӏ уӏ with Уь уь. This alphabet is still used in various publications.

Lezgin Arabic alphabet

[edit]

The Lezgin Perso-Arabic alphabet was as follows:

آبچجڃداها
فگغھاىايکل
مناۊپڢۊرس
صشتطاووخݤ
څزژڗ

Lezgin Latin alphabet 1928–32

[edit]

The Latin alphabet of 1928–1932's displayed all phonemes in contrast to the current alphabet but did not differentiate aspirated and non-aspirated consonants (k and kʰ, p-pʰ, t-tʰ, q-qʰ, t͡ʃ-t͡ʃʰ, and t͡s-t͡sʰ). The alphabet was as follows:

аbcссçdе
əfgƣhijk
kklmnоɵp
ppqrsşt
ttuvxҳӿy
zƶsss'

Lezgin Latin alphabet 1932–38

[edit]

The first Latin alphabet was changed in 1932 as follows:[2]

аbcçdefg
ƣhijklm
nopqrs
ştuvxҳӿ
yzƶ'

Lezgin Cyrillic alphabet

[edit]

There are 54 consonants in Lezgin. Aspiration is not normally indicated in the orthography, despite the fact that it is phonemic. The current Lezgin Cyrillic alphabet is as follows:[3]

А аБ бВ вГ гГъ гъГь гьД дЕ е
Ё ёЖ жЗ зИ иЙ йК кКъ къКь кь
КI кlЛ лМ мН нО оП пПI пlР р
С сТ тТI тlУ уУь уьФ фХ хХъ хъ
Хь хьЦ цЦI цlЧ чЧI чlШ шЪ ъ
Ы ыЬ ьЭ эЮ юЯ я

Notes:

  • щ is used only in words borrowed from Russian language but is pronouncedш
  • ё is used in only one word, ёъ (Lezgian pronunciation:[joʔ])
  • ы ([ə]) is very common in Lezgin dialects
  • ь (thesoft sign) is only used in Lezgin appended to other letters to form different phonemes (гь, хь, уь, кь). Lezgin has no soft phonemes and the ь is not used to denotepalatalization, even in borrowed words (where it is not written; e.g., автомобил, мултфилм).

Comparative table of Lezgin alphabets

[edit]
ArabicLatin
1932–1938
CyrillicIPA
آA aА аa
بB вБ бb
وV vВ вw/v
گG gГ гg
غƢ ƣГъ гъʁ
ھH hГь гьh
دD dД дd
اهE eЕ еje/e
--Ё ёjo
ژƵ ƶЖ жʒ
زZ zЗ зz
اىI iИ иi
يJ jЙ йj
کK kК кkʰ/k
ڠQ qКъ къq
ۊꝖ ꝗКь кьq'
گⱩ ⱪКӏ кӏk'
لL lЛ лl
مM mМ мm
نN nН нn
اوO oО оo
پP pП пpʰ/p
ڢПӏ пӏp'
رR rР рr
سS sС сs
تT tТ тtʰ/t
طT̨ t̨Тӏ тӏt'
اوU uУ уu
اۊY yУь уьy
فF fФ фf
خX xХ хχ
څӾ ӿХъ хъ
ݤҲ ҳХь хьx
صS̷ s̷Ц цt͡sʰ/t͡s
ڗⱫ ⱬЦӏ цӏt͡s'
چC cЧ чt͡ʃʰ/t͡ʃ
جÇ çЧӏ чӏt͡ʃ'
شŞ şШ шʃ
--Щ щ-
--ъʔ
--Ы ы-
--ь-
اهE eЭ эe
--Ю юju/y
--Я яja/æ

References

[edit]
  1. ^Ќу̇ре ჭалан елифарни аҳпа гw æниз қелдаj.Tiflis, 1911.
  2. ^Alqadarskij A.Q. Bukvar.Mahacqala, 1937.
  3. ^Талибов Б. Б., Гаджиев М. М. Лезгинско-русский словарь.Moscow, 1966.

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