| Leviathan | |
|---|---|
 Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Andrey Zvyagintsev |
| Written by |
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| Produced by | Alexander Rodnyansky Sergey Melkumov |
| Starring |
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| Cinematography | Mikhail Krichman |
| Music by | Andrey Dergachev,Philip Glass |
Production companies |
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| Distributed by | 20th Century Fox[2] |
Release dates |
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Running time | 141 minutes[3] |
| Country | Russia |
| Language | Russian |
| Budget | 220 millionRUB (US$7 million[4]) |
| Box office | $3.4 million[2] |
Leviathan (Russian:Левиафан,Leviafan) is a 2014 Russiancrime drama film directed byAndrey Zvyagintsev, co-written by Zvyagintsev andOleg Negin, and starringAleksei Serebryakov,Elena Lyadova,Vladimir Vdovichenkov, andRoman Madyanov.
According to Zvyagintsev, the story ofMarvin Heemeyer's 2004 rampage through a small US town using a modifiedbulldozer inspired him. A similar concept was adapted into a Russian setting.[5] The character development of the protagonist parallels that of the biblical figureJob and the story ofNaboth's Vineyard.[6][7] The producerAlexander Rodnyansky has said: "It deals with some of the most important social issues of contemporary Russia while never becoming an artist's sermon or a public statement; it is a story of love and tragedy experienced by ordinary people".[8] Critics noted the film as being formidable,[9][10] dealing with quirks of fate, power and money.[9]
The film was selected to compete for thePalme d'Or in the main competition section at the2014 Cannes Film Festival.[11] Zvyagintsev and Negin won the award forBest Screenplay.[12] The film was judged the best film of the year at the 2014BFI London Film Festival and the 45thInternational Film Festival of India. It won theBest Foreign Language Film award at the72nd Golden Globe Awards.[13] and theAsia Pacific Screen Award for Best Feature Film in 2014.[14] It was also nominated for anAcademy Award forBest Foreign Language Film at the87th Academy Awards.
In the northern Russian coastal town of Pribrezhny live Nikolay Sergeyev, a hotheaded car mechanic; his second wife, Lilya; and his teenage son, Romka. The town's corrupt Mayor Vadim Sergeyevich is plotting legal chicanery to expropriate the beautiful seaside land on which Nikolay's house is built. The town is forcefully compensating Nikolay with a grossly undervalued sum of 649,000roubles, and Nikolay believes the Mayor wants the land to build a villa for himself. Nikolay's old friend Dmitry Seleznyov, a sharp and successful lawyer from Moscow, arrives in town to fight the expropriation through the local court system.
After the court rules in favor of the expropriation, Nikolay is arrested at the police station for shouting at the officers, and no one in government will accept Dmitry's new criminal filing against the mayor. However, Dmitry meets with the mayor, extorting him with a thick folder of evidence that incriminates him for past crimes. A shocked mayor agrees to release Nikolay and pay 3.5 million roubles. In a local hotel room, Dmitry and Lilya have an affair.
The next day, the Sergeyevs and Dmitry attend the seaside birthday cookout of Nikolay's friend Ivan Stepanich, where a child runs to the group saying that he just saw Dmitry choking Lilya. Nikolay runs to find them and gunshots are heard. Afterward, Dmitry and Lilya drive back silently together, both with facial bruises. Meanwhile, Mayor Vadim Sergeyevich goes for help to one of his crony bosses, theRussian Orthodox Church bishop, who tells him that all power comes from God and encourages him to stop whining to him and solve his problems forcefully. When Dmitry meets with the mayor to finalize the payment, the mayor's thugs beat Dmitry, and the mayor carries out a mock execution, advising him to return to Moscow. A conciliatory Lilya returns home to Nikolay but is depressed. Dmitry stands sadly looking out the window of a moving train.
While the family is packing to move out, Nikolay forces himself on Lilya, and Romka accidentally glimpses them in intercourse and flees the house, collapsing in tears by a whale skeleton on the shore. He returns home late, screaming that Lilya leave forever. That night Lilya is unable to sleep, and instead of going to work in the morning, she goes alone to the ocean cliff. When she turns up missing, Nikolay desperately searches for her and increases his already very heavy consumption of vodka. Her body is discovered a few days later on the shore. A mournful, drunk Nikolay asks the local Orthodox priest Father Vasily why God is doing this to him. Vasily quotes from the Biblical book of Job and counsels Nikolay that when Job accepted his fate, he was rewarded with a long and happy life.
The next morning, Nikolay is arrested for murder. The investigator claims to have evidence that Nikolay had sex with Lilya, killed her with his hammer, and threw her into the sea to hide it. Evidence includes his and Lilya's own friends' testimonies about threats he made to Lilya and Dmitry when he discovered them having sex at the picnic. Nikolay is convicted and sentenced to fifteen years. With no family left, Romka reluctantly agrees to be taken in by Kolya's former friends Polivanovs, to avoid being sent to an orphanage. The Mayor receives a call informing him of Nikolay's sentence, and then gloats that he will now know to keep in his place. Sergeyev's house is torn down.
The bishop gives a sermon extolling the virtues of God's truth versus the world's truth and says that good intentions do not excuse evil acts. He urges the congregation, with the mayor attending, not to act with force or cunning but to put their trust in Christ. As the mayor and other local leaders exit the church and drive away in their luxury European and Japanese cars, it is revealed to be Nikolay's old property.[15]
WhenAndrey Zvyagintsev produced a short film in the United States, he was told the story ofMarvin Heemeyer.[16] He was amazed by this story and wanted initially to make his film in the US, but then changed his mind.[17] The screenplay was written by Zvyagintsev andOleg Negin and is loosely adapted from the biblical stories ofJob fromUz andKing Ahab ofSamaria andHeinrich von Kleist's novellaMichael Kohlhaas. The script features more than fifteen characters, which is unusually many for a film by Zvyagintsev.
Principal photography took place in the townsof Kirovsk,Monchegorsk,Olenegorsk, nearMurmansk on theKola Peninsula. Preparations on the set began in May 2013. Principal photography took place during three months from August to October the same year.[18] Filming of exterior scenes forLeviathan took place in the town ofTeriberka on the Barents Sea coast.[19]
Leviathanpremiered at the2014 Cannes Film Festival, where it was screened on 23 May. It is distributed bySony Pictures Classics in the United States,Curzon Cinemas in the United Kingdom and by Palace Entertainment in Australia and New Zealand.[8]
The soundtrack includes an extract from the 1983 operaAkhnaten byPhilip Glass.[20]
Onreview aggregator websiteRotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 97% based on 147 reviews, and an average rating of 8.5/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Leviathan lives up to its title, offering trenchant, well-crafted social satire on a suitably grand scale."[21] OnMetacritic, based on 34 reviews,Leviathan holds an average score of 92 out of 100, indicating "universal acclaim".[22]
Peter Bradshaw, writing a full five-star review forThe Guardian, gave the film great praise. Bradshaw thought that the film was "acted and directed with unflinching ambition" and described the film as "a forbidding and intimidating piece of work... a movie with real grandeur".[23] Finding parallels with the Book of Job,The New York Review of Books equated the villains with "Leviathan itself" and three characters (played by Vladimir Vdovichenkov,Aleksey Rozin andAnna Ukolova) with Job'sthree friends.[24]
Leviathan was picked as the 47th greatest film since 2000 in a 2016 critics' poll bythe BBC.[25] In 2019The Hollywood Reporter criticTodd McCarthy rankedLeviathan the 6th greatest film of the decade.[26]
Thirty-five percent of the funding forLeviathan came from Russia'sMinistry of Culture.[27]Vladimir Medinsky, the then Minister of Culture and a conservative historian, acknowledged that the film showed talented moviemaking but said that he did not like it.[28] He sharply criticized its portrayal of ordinary Russians as swearing, vodka-swigging people, which he does not recognize from his experience as a Russian or that of "real Russians". He thought it strange that there was not a single positive character in the movie and implied that the director was not fond of Russians but rather "fame, red carpets and statuettes". In 2015 the Ministry of Culture proposed guidelines that would ban movies that "defile" thenational culture.[28]
In turn, when appearing on oppositionalTV channel Dozhd, director Zvyagintsev was criticised by journalistKsenia Sobchak for accepting government subsidies. Specifically, Sobchak asked whether government funding had had no influence on the content of the movie. In response, Zvyagintsev maintained that he had always felt completely independent from the Ministry in writing and shooting the movie.[citation needed]
Vladimir Pozner, a veteran Russian journalist, said: "Anything seen as being critical of Russia in any way is automatically seen as either another Western attempt to denigrate Russia and theEastern Orthodox Church, or it's the work of some kind offifth column of Russia-phobes who are paid by the West to do their anti-Russian work or are simply themselves profoundly anti-Russian."[28]
Metropolitan Simon of Murmansk and Monchegorsk, the diocese where the movie was filmed, issued a statement calling it "honest". He said thatLeviathan raised important questions about the state of the country.[28]
On 28 September 2014, it was announced thatLeviathan would be Russia'ssubmission for theAcademy Award for Best Foreign Language Film at the87th Academy Awards.[29][30] It made the January Shortlist of nine films,[31] before being nominated later that month.[32]
The film was named the Best Film at theLondon Film Festival Awards on 18 October 2014, at a ceremony where the main prizes went to Russia, Ukraine and Syria, three countries at the centre of long-running conflicts. The winning film-makers all said they hoped that culture could help to restore peace to their countries.[33] It was nominated for and won theBest Foreign Language Film award at the72nd Golden Globe Awards.[13] The film was adjudged the best film of the45th International Film Festival of India.
Following the Golden Globe Award,Leviathan was leaked online among some of the other Oscar 2015 nominated films. On 12 January the website "Thank you, Leviathan filmmakers" appeared on the internet encouraging social media users to contribute any amount as a gratitude to the filmmakers.[34] Alexander Rodnyanskiy,Leviathan's producer, supported the initiative of Slava's Smirnov (the website's author and an independent digital producer) and asked to transfer the money to thePodari Zhizn charity fund which is held by actressesChulpan Khamatova andDina Korzun.[35]
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| Award | Category | Recipients and nominees | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 Cannes Film Festival | Best Screenplay | Andrey Zvyagintsev andOleg Negin | Won |
| Palme d'Or | Andrey Zvyagintsev | Nominated | |
| European Film Award | Best Film | Andrey Zvyagintsev | Nominated |
| Best Director | Andrey Zvyagintsev | Nominated | |
| Best Screenwriter | Oleg Negin,Andrey Zvyagintsev | Nominated | |
| Best Actor | Aleksei Serebryakov | Nominated | |
| 45th International Film Festival of India | Golden Peacock (Best Film Award) | Andrey Zvyagintsev | Won |
| 35th Independent Spirit Awards | Best International Film | Andrey Zvyagintsev | Nominated |
| International Art Festival of Cinematography | Best Cinematographer | Mikhail Krichman | Won |
| 58thLondon Film Festival | Best Film | Andrey Zvyagintsev andAlexander Rodnyansky | Won |
| 68th British Academy Film Awards | Best Film Not in the English Language | Andrey Zvyagintsev | Nominated |
| 32ndMunich Film Festival | Best Film | Andrey Zvyagintsev and Alexander Rodnyansky | Won |
| 8thAbu Dhabi Film Festival | Best Narrative Best Actor | Andrey Zvyagintsev, Alexey Serebryakov | Won |
| Palm Springs International Film Festival | Best Foreign Language Film | Andrey Zvyagintsev | Won |
| Asia Pacific Screen Awards[36] | |||
| Best Feature film | Andrey Zvyagintsev | Won | |
| Achievement in Directing | Andrey Zvyagintsev | Nominated | |
| Achievement in Cinematography | Mikhail Krichman | Nominated | |
| 72nd Golden Globe Awards | Best Foreign Language Film | Andrey Zvyagintsev andAlexander Rodnyansky | Won |
| 13thGolden Eagle Award | |||
| Best Direction | Andrey Zvyagintsev | Won | |
| Best Leading Actress | Elena Lyadova | Won | |
| Best Film Editing | Anna Mass | Won | |
| Best Supporting Actor | Roman Madyanov | Won | |
| 51st Guldbagge Awards[37] | Best Foreign Film | Leviathan | Won |
| 87th Academy Awards | Best Foreign Language Film | Andrey Zvyagintsev | Nominated |
| 30th Goya Awards | Best European Film | Andrey Zvyagintsev | Nominated |
| Russian Guild of Film Critics[38] | Best Film | Leviathan | Won |
| Best Director | Andrey Zvyagintsev | Won | |
| Best Screenplay | Oleg Negin, Andrey Zvyagintsev | Won | |
| Best Director of Photography | Mikhail Krichman | Nominated | |
| Best Female Actor | Elena Lyadova | Won | |
| Best Male Actor | Aleksei Serebryakov | Won | |
| Best Male Supporting Actor | Roman Madyanov | Won | |
| 27thNika Awards | Best Film | Andrey Zvyagintsev, Alexander Rodnyansky | Nominated |
| Best Director | Andrey Zvyagintsev | Nominated | |
| Best Screenplay | Oleg Negin, Andrey Zvyagintsev | Nominated | |
| Best Cinematographer | Mikhail Krichman | Nominated | |
| Best Actress | Elena Lyadova | Won | |
| Best Actor | Aleksei Serebryakov | Nominated | |
| Best Supporting Actor | Roman Madyanov | Won | |
| Best Supporting Actor | Vladimir Vdovichenkov | Nominated | |
| Best Supporting Actress | Anna Ukolova | Nominated | |
| Best Production Designer | Andrey Ponkratov | Nominated | |
| Best Sound | Andrey Dergachev | Nominated |
