Leiyang 耒阳市 | |
|---|---|
 Location in Hengyang | |
  Leiyang Location in Hunan | |
| Coordinates:26°25′20″N112°51′35″E / 26.4223°N 112.8598°E /26.4223; 112.8598 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Hunan |
| Prefecture-level city | Hengyang |
| Area | |
| 2,656 km2 (1,025 sq mi) | |
| • Urban | 49.65 km2 (19.17 sq mi) |
| Population (2010)[1] | |
| 1,150,241 | |
• Estimate (2017) | 1,798,000 |
| • Density | 430/km2 (1,100/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 569,000 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Website | leiyang |
Leiyang (simplified Chinese:耒阳;traditional Chinese:耒陽;pinyin:Lěiyáng) is acounty-level city and thethird most populous county-level division inHunan Province, China. Leiyang is under the administration of theprefecture-level city ofHengyang. Located on the south of the province, the city is bordered to the north byHengnan County, to the west byChangning City, to the south byGuiyang andYongxing counties, and to the east byAnren County. Leiyang City covers 2,656 km2 (1,025 sq mi) with a registered population of 1,413,913 and resident population of 1,150,241 (as of the 2010 census).[1] The city has sixsubdistricts, 19towns and fivetownships under its jurisdiction. Thegovernment seat isCaizichi Subdistrict.[3]
Leiyang is the hometown ofCai Lun, the inventor ofpapermaking technology, one of theFour Great Inventions.[4] It has more than 2,000 years of history as an ancient city named after the north ofLei River.Archaeological excavation proved that as early as theNeolithic Age, people have lived in the territory of Leiyang.
Until Leiyang was built as a division, it was a part ofJingzhou, one of theNine Provinces before theSpring and Autumn period and a part ofChu State in theWarring States period. In the 26th year of the reign ofQin Shi Huang (221 BC), Lei County (Chinese:耒县) was formed and took its name after theLei River, it was part of Changsha Commandery (Chinese:长沙郡). Dividing Changsha Commandery into Changsha State andGuiyang Commandery (Chinese:桂阳郡; not to be confused with present-dayGuiyang County) in 202 BC, Guiyang Commandery was formed from the southern portion of Changsha Commandery, the county of Lei was renamed to Leiyang and part of Guiyang Commandery.
In theThree Kingdoms period (220–280 AD), Leiyang was the territory of theWu state. In 257 AD, the county of Leiyang was divided into four counties, that the two counties of Xinping (Chinese:新平县) and Xinning (Chinese:新宁县) were located on the western side ofChongling River, and the two counties of Leiyang and Liyang (Chinese:利阳县) on the eastern side ofChongling River and western bank ofLei River. The three counties of Xinping, Xinning and Liyang were located in Xiangdong Commandery (Chinese:湘东郡) and the county of Leiyang in Guiyang Commandery.
In 395 AD, the county of Liyang was merged to Leiyang. The county of Leiyang was renamed to Leiyin (Chinese:耒阴县) in 589 and restored the name of Leiyang in 621. In theFive Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period (907–960 AD), Leiyang was the territory of theMachu State. The county of Leiyang was renamed to Laiyang (Chinese:来阳县) during theSong dynasty and restored the name during theYuan dynasty. In November 1986, the county of Leiyang was reorganized as a county-level city.[5]
| Climate data for Leiyang, elevation 135 m (443 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 27.8 (82.0) | 32.4 (90.3) | 35.9 (96.6) | 37.0 (98.6) | 36.5 (97.7) | 38.0 (100.4) | 40.3 (104.5) | 41.1 (106.0) | 38.1 (100.6) | 36.7 (98.1) | 34.2 (93.6) | 26.4 (79.5) | 41.1 (106.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 9.7 (49.5) | 12.7 (54.9) | 16.9 (62.4) | 23.6 (74.5) | 28.0 (82.4) | 31.1 (88.0) | 34.4 (93.9) | 33.5 (92.3) | 29.6 (85.3) | 24.4 (75.9) | 18.7 (65.7) | 12.5 (54.5) | 22.9 (73.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 6.3 (43.3) | 8.9 (48.0) | 12.8 (55.0) | 18.9 (66.0) | 23.3 (73.9) | 26.8 (80.2) | 29.5 (85.1) | 28.5 (83.3) | 24.8 (76.6) | 19.6 (67.3) | 14.0 (57.2) | 8.4 (47.1) | 18.5 (65.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 4.0 (39.2) | 6.3 (43.3) | 10.0 (50.0) | 15.6 (60.1) | 20.0 (68.0) | 23.6 (74.5) | 25.9 (78.6) | 25.1 (77.2) | 21.5 (70.7) | 16.2 (61.2) | 10.7 (51.3) | 5.5 (41.9) | 15.4 (59.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −4.2 (24.4) | −5.3 (22.5) | −1.1 (30.0) | 3.3 (37.9) | 9.9 (49.8) | 13.6 (56.5) | 18.3 (64.9) | 17.9 (64.2) | 13.2 (55.8) | 3.8 (38.8) | −0.6 (30.9) | −6.5 (20.3) | −6.5 (20.3) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 81.5 (3.21) | 90.0 (3.54) | 170.3 (6.70) | 155.2 (6.11) | 174.5 (6.87) | 201.0 (7.91) | 138.2 (5.44) | 131.5 (5.18) | 74.3 (2.93) | 67.8 (2.67) | 84.4 (3.32) | 59.6 (2.35) | 1,428.3 (56.23) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 15.4 | 14.6 | 18.6 | 16.8 | 16.2 | 15.0 | 9.9 | 12.1 | 9.9 | 9.7 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 160.2 |
| Average snowy days | 2.7 | 1.3 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.8 | 5.1 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 83 | 82 | 83 | 81 | 80 | 80 | 72 | 76 | 79 | 78 | 79 | 79 | 79 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 55.8 | 61.4 | 69.2 | 99.8 | 127.3 | 143.6 | 236.4 | 195.8 | 145.9 | 128.8 | 110.5 | 93.6 | 1,468.1 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 17 | 19 | 19 | 26 | 31 | 35 | 56 | 49 | 40 | 36 | 34 | 29 | 33 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[6][7] | |||||||||||||
According to thehistorical novelRomance of the Three Kingdoms,Pang Tong was chosen as magistrate of Leiyang byLiu Bei. After three years he had failed to fulfill the duties of his office. Many were upset by his failure and appealed to Liu Bei. Liu Bei sentZhang Fei, his sworn brother, to Leiyang to investigate. Before Zhang Fei arrived, Pang Tong, who knew that Zhang Fei loved wine, ordered that all wine must be diluted with water. Once Zhang Fei arrived, true to his reputation, he consumed copious amounts of wine, but wondered why he never became drunk. He realized what was going on and became very angry with Pang Tong. In order to appease Zhang Fei, Pang Tong agreed to finish the three years worth of backlogged cases within three days, which he did. For this, Pang Tong was promoted by Liu Bei and to honor the occasion, a special wine was created, now known as Zhang Fei Wine.
In 1928, according to the biography ofMao Zedong byJung Chang and John Halliday, Leiyang, along with neighboringChenzhou was razed by troops under the command ofZhu De, who was following directives which originated inMoscow and passed on by higher officials of theChinese Communist Party. The strategy was to leave large numbers of peasants with no option but to join communist uprisings.
Leiyangers speak a dialect resemblingGan Chinese.
According to preliminary accounting of the statistical authority, the gross domestic product of Leiyang City in 2017 was 47,315 millionyuan (7,001 millionUS dollars), up by 8.1 percent over the previous year. Of this total, the value added of the primary industry was 7,100 million yuan (1,050 million US dollars), up by 3.7 percent, that of the secondary industry was 16,321 million yuan (2,415 million US dollars), up by 3.2 percent and that of the tertiary industry was 23,894 million yuan (3,535 million US dollars), up by 13.3 percent. The value added of the primary industry accounted for 15.01 percent of the GDP; that of the secondary industry accounted for 34.49 percent; and that of the tertiary industry accounted for 50.50 percent. The per capita GDP in 2017 was 40,708 yuan (6,023 US dollars).[8]
Leiyang is a center ofpaper production. Other raw materials produced in the area today includekaolin, whitemarble, and "heavy calcium carbonate".[9]
Some of the newer large homes in Leiyang were built by drillers working in Shenzhen. By 2019, due to age and health problems such assilicosis, many of these migrant construction workers had returned to Hunan.[10]
Territory of large reserves of kaolin, is a good paper stock.Yipo abundant coal resources, reserves of anthracite forecast close to 10 million tons.Forest fir, pine, South bamboo, tea.
Guangzhou Railway, Leiyang Station, located stove Street neighborhood officesG4 Hong Kong and Macao Expressway, Leiyang territory of New Town, Leiyang, three high-speed intersection fair107 State Road, north to southS320 Provincial Highway, east–west, east to Chaling, heading for QiyangAway from Narita Airport, a military airportLeishui shippingBeijing-Guangzhou high-speed rail (Wuhan-Guangzhou passenger dedicated line), Leiyang West Railway Station, located west direction along the three district offices, 2009 started as a four-wire dual platform.
Martyrs Cemetery, Leiyang recreation center is formed spontaneously. Wuyi Square, 90s entertainment places fewer people are in the fitness and entertainment. Especially at night from seven to nine o'clock this time, so many people; build inventor and Dragon Square Plaza, the public will choose the nearest location.Fifty-one cinema, located in the center of Wuyi Road, Leiyang been the most prosperous of the lot.Du Park, located on Lei water Dongzhou, Du Fu in this drunken soldier body, buried in this (later moved to Leiyang one).Square, inventor and Dragon Square, the largest square in Leiyang. Here young people skating, skateboarding; old people doing aerobics, talk.Cai Lun Park, site of the original stage, is one of the public places of leisure and entertainment.Yanhe, countless snacks, snack stalls, karaoke.In recent years, cultural and entertainment Leiyang annual production value of nearly 50 million yuan, profits of more than 34 million yuan, paid taxes more than 1,600 yuan.