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Legality of cannabis by U.S. jurisdiction

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(Redirected fromLegality of cannabis by U.S. state)

Map of cannabis laws in the US
Legality of cannabis in the United States
  Legal for recreational use
  Legal for medical use
  No comprehensive medical program
● Decriminalized
Notes:
· Reflects laws of states and territories, including laws which have not yet gone into effect. Does not reflect federal, tribal, or local laws.
· Map does not show state legality ofhemp-derivedcannabinoids such asCBD ordelta-8-THC, which have been legal at federal level since enactment of the2018 Farm Bill.
Timeline ofGallup polls in US on legalizing marijuana.[1]

In the United States,cannabis is legal in 40 of50 states for medical use and 24 states for recreational use. At the federal level, cannabis is classified as aSchedule I drug under theControlled Substances Act, determined to have a high potential for abuse and no accepted medical use, prohibiting its use for any purpose.[2] Despite this prohibition, federal law is generallynot enforced against the possession, cultivation, or intrastate distribution of cannabis in states where such activity has been legalized.[3][4] Beginning in 2024, theDrug Enforcement Administration has initiated a review to potentiallymove cannabis to the less-restrictive Schedule III.[5]

Themedical use of cannabis is legal with a medical recommendation in 40 states, four out of five permanently inhabitedU.S. territories,[a] and the federalDistrict of Columbia (D.C.).[6] Ten other states have laws that limit thepsychoactive compoundtetrahydrocannabinol (THC), for the purpose of allowing access to products rich incannabidiol (CBD), a non-intoxicating component of cannabis.[6][7] TheRohrabacher–Farr amendment, first passed in 2014, prohibits federal prosecution of individuals complying with state medical cannabis laws.[8]

Therecreational use of cannabis has been legalized in 24 states, three U.S. territories, and D.C.[b] Another seven states have decriminalized its use.[c][9] Commercial distribution has been legalized in all jurisdictions where possession has been legalized, except forVirginia and D.C. Personal cultivation for recreational use is allowed in all of these jurisdictions except forDelaware,Illinois,New Jersey, andWashington state.

Cannabinoid drugs which have received approval from theFood and Drug Administration (FDA) for prescription use areMarinol and Syndros (synthetic THC is the active ingredient in both), Cesamet (nabilone), and Epidiolex (CBD). For non-prescription use, products with less than 0.3% delta-9 THC containing CBD,delta-8 THC, and other naturally occurring cannabinoids derived fromhemp (cannabis containing less than 0.3% delta-9 THC) are legal and unregulated[10] at the federal level, but legality and enforcement varies by state.[11][12][13]

Statewide legalization of recreational cannabis appeared on the ballot for the2024 elections as2024 Florida Amendment 3, and in North and South Dakota. It failed to pass in all 3 states.[14] Nebraskans decided on a ballot measure related to medical cannabis the same day, which passed.[15]

By state

[edit]
Contents
Legend:
  Legal for recreational use
  Legal for medical use
  No comprehensive medical program
● Decriminalized
StateRecreationalMedicalCultivationNotes
AlabamaIllegal; Misdemeanor for first offense, any subsequent offense is a felonyLegal to possess up to "70 daily dosages" at one time.Illegal[16][17]
Main article:Cannabis in Alabama
  • First-time may be punished as a misdemeanor, but further possession, or intent to sell, can result in felony charges.
  • Medical use legalized in May 2021 through bill signed by GovernorKay Ivey.[18]
  • Registered patients are permitted to possess a maximum of "70 daily dosages" of medical cannabis at one time. Doses of authorized cannabis products are capped at a maximum of 50 milligrams for the first 90 days.[16]
AlaskaLegal to possess up to 1 oz (28 g)Legal to possess up to 1 oz (28 g)[19]Legal for medical & recreational use up to an amount of no more than 6 plants per person, or twelve plants in a household with two or more adults.[20]
Main article:Cannabis in Alaska

Legalized byMeasure 2 on November 4, 2014.[21]

ArizonaLegal to possess up to 1 oz (28 g)[22]Legal to possess up to 2.5 oz (71 g) per 14 days.Legal for medical (See notes) & recreational use up to an amount of no more than 6 plants per person, or twelve plants in a household with two or more adults.[23]
Main article:Cannabis in Arizona
  • Medical use legalized throughProposition 203 in 2010.[24][25][26]
  • Recreational use legalized throughProposition 207 on November 3, 2020.[27]
  • Medical patients may only cultivate if they're located further than 25 mi (40 km) from the nearest dispensary.
ArkansasIllegal; MisdemeanorLegal to possess up to 2.5 oz (71 g) per 14 days.[28]Illegal[29]
  • Possession under 3 oz (85 g) a misdemeanor; cities ofFayetteville andEureka Springs labeled cannabis their lowest law enforcement priority.
  • November 8, 2016: medical marijuana legalized when Issue 6 was approved by 53% of voters.[30]
CaliforniaLegal to possess up to 1 oz (28 g)Legal to possess up to 8 oz (230 g)Legal for recreational use up to an amount of six plants per household or acre of land.
  • July 1975: Senate Bill 95 reduced the penalty for possession of 1 oz (28 g) or less of cannabis to a citable misdemeanor.[31]
  • November 1996: first state to legalize medical marijuana whenProposition 215 was approved by 56% of voters.[32]
  • November 2016:Proposition 64 passed by 57% to 43%, legalizing sale and distribution, effective January 1, 2018.[33]
ColoradoLegal to possess up to 2 oz (57 g)[34]Legal to possess up to 2 oz (57 g)Legal for medical & recreational use up to an amount of six plants per person with no more than three of which being mature at one time.[35]
  • 1975: Marijuana decriminalized.[36]
  • November, 2000:Colorado Amendment 20 legalized medical marijuana use.
  • November 6, 2012:Colorado Amendment 64 approved by voters, legalizing the sale and possession of marijuana for non-medical use including cultivation of up to six plants with up to three mature.[37][38]
  • In Denver, there is a limit of 12 plants per household regardless of the number of adults.[39]
  • Colorado became the second state to legalize, going into effect four days after Washington state,[38] however, it was the first state for legal retail sales to become established.[40]
  • May 20, 2021: Colorado GovernorJared Polis signs HB 21–1090, a bill which increases possession limits from 1 oz to 2 oz for adults.
ConnecticutLegal to carry up to 1.5 oz (43 g) or possess up to 5 oz (140 g) locked inside a home or trunk of a vehicleLegal to possess up to 5 oz (140 g) per month.Legal for medical & recreational use up to an amount of six plants with only three at a time being mature.
  • June 22, 2021: Connecticut GovernorNed Lamont signed SB 1201, a bill legalizing recreational marijuana for adults beginning July 1, 2021. Those between 18 and 20 would be subject to civil fine up to $150, and minors under 18 cannot be arrested for simple possession.[41]
DelawareLegal to possess up to 1 oz (28 g) & 12 g (.4 oz) of concentrateLegal to possess up to 6 oz (171 g)Illegal[42]
  • May 13, 2011: Delaware legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.[43]
  • February 10, 2012: GovernorJack Markell suspended medical marijuana after aJustice Department letter threatened federal prosecution
  • August 31, 2016: Jack Markell signed House Bill 400, expanding medical cannabis programs for those with aterminal illness.[44][45]
  • April 23, 2023: Bill to legalize recreational cannabis became law without governor's signature.[46]
FloridaIllegalLegal to possess up to three 70-day, or six 35-day "supply limits". One 35-day supply is limited to 2.5 oz (71 g).Illegal[47]
Main article:Cannabis in Florida
  • November 8, 2016: medical marijuana legalized as of July 1, 2017, when voters passedAmendment 2 by 71%.[48]
  • In 2019, legislation under Senate Bill 182 was enacted, allowing individuals with eligible medical conditions to acquire smokable cannabis from authorized medical marijuana dispensaries.[49]
GeorgiaIllegal; decriminalized in the cities ofAtlanta,[50]Clarkston,[51]Forest Park,[52]Savannah,South Fulton,[53]Statesboro,[54] unincorporatedFulton County,[55] andMacon–Bibb County.CBD oil (less than 5% THC)Illegal
  • Misdemeanor possession of 1 oz (28 g) or less can be punished by a fine up to $1000 or up to 12 months in jail.[56] It is a felony for anyone to possess more than 1 oz (28 g), manufacture, deliver, distribute, dispense, administer, purchase, sell, or possess with intent to distribute marijuana and it is punishable by imprisonment for no less than one year and no more than ten years.[57] City and county level punishments for misdemeanor possessions vary.
  • April 16, 2015: use of low-THC CBD oil legalized for medical use, but in-state cultivation, production, and sale remains illegal.
  • Georgia implements law allowing in-state access to low-THC oil

On April 17, 2019, Gov. Brian Kemp (R) signed Georgia's Hope Act — HB 324 — into law. This bill allows patients to safely access low-THC medical cannabis oils (with up to 5% THC) within Georgia. Sales began in the summer of 2023.[58]

Hawaii●Illegal; Decriminalized up to 0.11 oz (3 g)[59]Legal to possess up to 4 oz (114 g).Legal only for medical patients up to an amount not exceeding 7 plants per person.[60]
Main article:Cannabis in Hawaii
  • June 15, 2000: GovernorBen Cayetano signed bill legalizing medical marijuana. First state legislature to do so.[61][62]
  • July 14, 2015: GovernorDavid Ige signed bill allowing medical cannabis dispensaries.[63]
  • July 14, 2016: Governor Ige signed law expanding medical cannabis programs.[64]
  • June 25, 2019: Governor Ige announced that he would not veto a bill passed by the legislature to decriminalize less than 3 g of marijuana. Law went into effect January 11, 2020.[59]
IdahoIllegal; Misdemeanor (85 g (3.0 oz) or less)CBD oil (less than 0.1% THC)Illegal; Felony
Main article:Cannabis in Idaho
  • Possession of 85 g (3.0 oz) or less a misdemeanor up to 1-year prison or fine up to $1,000 or both. More than 3 oz (85 g) but less than 1 lb (0.45 kg) a felony up to 5 years in prison or fine up to $10,000 or both.[65]
  • 2015: theIdaho Attorney General stipulated that CBD must both contain zero THC and be derived from one of the five identified parts of the cannabis plant, otherwise it is illegal in Idaho under current law.[66]
  • 2021: Senate Bill 1017 is signed into law by GovernorBrad Little expanding legal CBD access from 0.0% to 0.1% THC.[67]
IllinoisLegal; Residents can possess up to 30 g (1.1 oz) of cannabis flower, 500 mg of THC in an infused product, and up to 5 grams of concentrate.[68]Legal to possess up to 2.5 oz (71 g) per 14 day period.[citation needed]Legal only for medical patients up to an amount of 5 plants per person.[69]
  • Cannabis Control Act of 1978 allowed for medical marijuana but was never implemented.[70][71]
  • August 1, 2013: Gov.Pat Quinn signed bill legalizing medical marijuana effective January 1, 2014.[72]
  • May 31, 2019: theGeneral Assembly passed theIllinois Cannabis Regulation and Tax Act to legalize recreational marijuana use beginning January 1, 2020, allowing adults age 21 and over to possess up to 30 g (1.1 oz).[73] With Gov.J. B. Pritzker's signature on June 25, Illinois became the first state in the nation to legalize adult marijuana sales through an act of state legislature.[74][75]
IndianaIllegal; Misdemeanor (up to 6 months in jail, $1000 fine)CBD oil (less than 0.3% THC) legal for any useIllegal
Main article:Cannabis in Indiana
  • 1913: prohibited
  • Decriminalized in Marion County[76]
  • Delta-8 products allowed[77]
IowaIllegal; MisdemeanorLegal to possess up to an amount of THC not exceeding 4.5 grams per 90 day period.Illegal; Felony
Main article:Cannabis in Iowa
  • 2014: CBD oil legalized for less than 3% THC.[2]
  • 2017: Medical program expanded to include more qualifying conditions.[78]
  • 2020: THC limit changed to 4.5 grams per 90 days.[79]
KansasIllegal; MisdemeanorCBD oil (containing 0% THC) legal for any useIllegal
Main article:Cannabis in Kansas
  • 1927: prohibited
  • 2018: CBD oil exempted from the definition of marijuana.[80][81][82]
KentuckyIllegal; Misdemeanor (8 oz (230 g) or less)Legal to possess an "uninterrupted 30-day supply"Illegal; Misdemeanor (5 plants or less)
  • 2014: CBD legalized
  • 2022: GovernorAndy Beshear signed an executive order, effective January 1, 2023, to pardon anyone possessing up to 8 ounces of cannabis if purchased legally in another state and a doctor certifies that patient has one of 21 qualifying conditions.[83][84]
  • 2023:Senate Bill 47 to legalize medical use signed into law.[85]
Louisiana●Illegal; Decriminalized up to 14 grams (0.49 ounces)Legal to possess up to a "30-day supply"Illegal[86]
  • 1924: prohibited
  • 2015: medical cannabis legalized
  • 2020: House Bill 819 is signed in to law by GovernorJohn Bel Edwards expanding cannabis access to "any condition" that a doctor "considers debilitating to an individual patient and is qualified through his medical education and training to treat".
  • 2021: Decriminalization signed into law by Governor Edwards.[87]
MaineLegal to possess up to 2.5 oz (71 g)Legal to possess up to 2.5 oz (71 g)Legal for medical & recreational use up to an amount of six plants with no more than three at a time being mature. There is no limit on the amount of seedlings that can be grown at once.[88]
Main article:Cannabis in Maine
MarylandLegal to possess up to 1.5 oz (42 g) & 12 g (.4 oz) of concentrateLegal to possess up to 120 g (4.2 oz) or 36 g (1.3 oz) of concentrateLegal for recreational use up to two plants per household. Registered medical cannabis patients can grow four plants per household.[93]
MassachusettsLegal to possess up to 1 oz (28 g) in public or 10 oz (280 g) at homeLegal to possess up to 10 oz (280 g) per every 2-month periodLegal for recreational use up to an amount of six plants per person or twelve plants maximum for 2 or more adults in a household.[97]
  • 2008: decriminalized cannabis by 63% vote on Question 2. 1 oz (28 g) or less punishable by $100 fine.[98][99]
  • 2012: medical marijuana legalized when Question 3 passed by 60%.[100][101]
  • 2016: legalized recreational marijuana when Question 4 passed by 54%.[102]
MichiganLegal to possess up to 2.5 oz (71 g) in public or 10 oz (280 g) at homeLegal to possess up to 2.5 oz (71 g)Legal for recreational use up to an amount of 12 plants per household.[103]
MinnesotaLegal to possess up to 2 lbs (2 oz in public), 8 g of concentrate, and 800 mg of infused ediblesLegal to possess up to 2.5 oz (71 g) every 14 days.Legal for recreational use up to an amount of 8 plants of which only 4 can be mature at a time.[104]
  • 1976: decriminalization[105]
  • 2014: medical cannabis legalized[106]
  • 2022: Legislation is passed to allow the sale and consumption of food and beverage products containing 5 mg of THC per serving and 50 mg per package.[107]
  • 2023: GovernorTim Walz signs House File 100 to legalize cannabis for recreational use, effective August 1, 2023.[108]
Mississippi●Illegal; Decriminalized up to 30 g (1.1 oz) or less for first offense.Legal to possess up to 3 oz (85 g) per monthIllegal
  • 1978: decriminalized
  • 2014: CBD legalized
  • 2020: medical cannabis legalized through Initiative 65,[109][110] which was subsequently overturned by the Supreme Court of Mississippi[111]
  • 2022: Medical use made legal again through bill signed by GovernorTate Reeves.[112][113]
MissouriLegal to possess up to 3 oz (85 g)Legal to possess up to 6 oz (170 g) per monthLegal for medical & recreational use up to an amount of six plants per person or twelve plants for 2 or more adults in a household with a license.
  • 2014: decriminalized; CBD legalized
  • 2018: Missouri voters approved Amendment 2, allowing for the distribution and regulation of medical cannabis.
  • 2022: Missouri voters approvedAmendment 3, legalizing recreational use for adults 21 and older.
MontanaLegal to possess up to 1 oz (28 g) & 8 g of concentratesLegal to possess up to 1 oz (28 g)Legal for medical & recreational use up to an amount of four plants per person or 8 maximum per household, no more than 4 plants are allowed to be mature at one time.
Main article:Cannabis in Montana
Nebraska●Illegal; Decriminalized (first offense only)LegalIllegal
  • November 5, 2024: Ballot measures 437 and 438 were approved by voters initially legalizing medical use.[114]
  • Possession for other purposes up to 1 oz (28 g) fined up to $300 for first offense, with potential mandatory drug education. Second offense fine up to $500 and up to five days' jail, third offense up to $500 fine and maximum one week jail.[115]
NevadaLegal to possess up to 2.5 oz (71 g) & one fourth of an oz (7 g) of concentrateLegal to possess up to 2.5 oz (71 g)Legal for medical & recreational use only for people that live at least 25 mi (40 km) from the nearest dispensary. Limit is 6 plants for recreational use and 12 plants for medical use.[116][117]
Main article:Cannabis in Nevada
  • November 7, 2000: medical marijuana legalized with 65% vote on Question 9.[118][119]
  • November 8, 2016: recreational marijuana legalized when Question 2 passed by 54%.[120]
  • Home cultivation allowed if at least 25 mi (40 km) from store.[121]
  • June 8, 2023: Legal Adult-use possession limits increased from 1 oz & one eighth of an oz of concentrate to 2.5 oz & one quarter of an oz of concentrate.[122]
New Hampshire●Illegal; Decriminalized up to 0.75 oz (21 g) or lessLegal to possess up to 2 oz (57 g)Illegal[123]
  • July 23, 2013: medical marijuana legalized when GovernorMaggie Hassan signed HB 573.[124][125]
  • July 11, 2015: Governor Hassan expanded medical marijuana law.[126]
  • July 18, 2017: GovernorChris Sununu signed bill decriminalizing up to 0.75 oz (21 g).[127]
New JerseyLegal to possess up to 6 oz (170 g).[128] Licensed delivery services allowed.[129]Legal to possess up to 3 oz (85 g) per monthIllegal[130][131]
  • January 18, 2010: medical marijuana law signed by GovernorJon Corzine. Maximum 1 year in prison and 1,000 dollar fine for possession of up to 50 grams.[132][133] September 19, 2016: GovernorChris Christie signed Assembly Bill 457 addingPTSD as a qualifying condition for medical marijuana, effective immediately.[134]
  • November 3, 2020: recreational use legalized byreferendum.[135][136]
  • February 22, 2021: enabling legislation for cannabis legalization signed by GovernorPhil Murphy. The bill includes provisions for transportation (delivery) and cultivation licensure.[137]
New MexicoLegal to possess up to 2 oz (57 g)Legal to possess up to 8 oz (230 g) per 90-day periodLegal for medical & recreational use up to an amount not to exceed 16 plants, of which no more than 4 can be mature at one time, for medical use, and 6 mature plants, or twelve per household, for recreational use.
New YorkLegal to possess up to 3 oz (85 g) of cannabis or 24 g of concentrates at home and 3 oz (85 g) in public or gifting without remuneration.[144]Legal to possess a 60-day supply.Legal for medical & recreational use up to an amount of three mature and three immature plants per person, with a limit of twelve per household.[145]
  • July 14, 2014: medical marijuana legalized when GovernorAndrew Cuomo signed legislation allowing edibles, oils, pills, and vaporization, but not smoking.[146][147]
  • June 20, 2019: full decriminalization bill passed legislature and signed into law by Governor Cuomo. The bill decriminalizes amounts under 2 oz (57 g), providing for a $50 fine for under 1 oz (28 g) and $100 for under 2 oz. It also eliminates the "in public view" loophole whereby police would demand suspects empty their pockets, thus causing the cannabis to be in public view.[148] The law took effect on August 30, 2019.[149]
  • March 31, 2021: Marijuanalegalization law signed by the governor.[150]
North Carolina●Illegal; Decriminalized up to 42 g (1.5 oz) or lessCBD oilIllegal
North Dakota●Illegal; Decriminalized up to 14 g (0.49 oz) or lessLegal to possess up to 3 oz (85 g)Illegal[151]
  • November 8, 2016: legalized medical marijuana when voters passed Measure 5 by 64%.[152]
  • May 2019: decriminalized[153]
OhioLegal to possess up to 2.5 oz (71 g) and up to 15 grams of cannabis concentrates.Legal to possess a 90-day supply.Legal to grow 6 plants per adult, maximum 12 plants per household.
Main article:Cannabis in Ohio
  • November 3, 2015: A recreational use initiative fails to pass.[154]
  • June 8, 2016: GovernorJohn Kasich signed legislation legalizing medical marijuana.[155]
  • November 7, 2023: Ohio voters passeda ballot referendum legalizing recreational cannabis.[156]
  • August 6, 2024: First commercial sales began.[157]
OklahomaIllegalLegal to possess up to 8 oz (230 g), 1 oz (28 g) of concentrate, and 72 oz (2 kg) of edibles in a residence. Patients are able to possess up to 3 oz (85 g) in public.Legal only for medical patients up to an amount of six plants & 6 seedlings per person.[158]
OregonLegal to possess up to 2 oz (57 g) in public or 8 oz (230 g) at home[162]Legal to possess up to 24 oz (680 g)Legal for medical & recreational use up to an amount of six mature plants & 18 seedlings for medical patients or four plants per household for recreational use.[163]
Main article:Cannabis in Oregon
  • 1973:Oregon became the first state to decriminalize cannabis.[164]
  • November 4, 2014: voters approvedMeasure 91 providing for possession and sale of set amounts of cannabis.[165][166]
  • Cannabis sentencing reform signed July 1, 2015, by GovernorKate Brown.[167][168]
  • More medical cannabis reforms signed July 28, 2015, by Governor Brown, effective October 1, 2015.[169][170]
  • Governor Brown signed 25% cannabis sales tax.[171]
  • January 1, 2022: Limit on personal possession increased from 1 oz to 2 oz.[172]
PennsylvaniaIllegal; Decriminalized In Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Harrisburg, Erie, Lancaster, Phoenixville, Norristown, State College, Steelton, Upper Merion Township, West Norriton Township, East Norriton Township, York, Folcroft, Bethlehem, Doylestown, and Allentown up to 30 g (1.1 oz)[173][174]Legal to possess up to a 90-day supplyIllegal[175]
  • April 17, 2016: medical use law signed by Governor Wolf. Possession of 30 g (1.1 oz) or less up to 30 days in jail and fine up to $500. More than 30g a misdemeanor up to a year in jail and $5000 fine.[176]
Rhode IslandLegal to possess up to 1 oz (28 g)Legal to possess up to 2.5 oz (71 g)Legal for medical & recreational use up to an amount of 12 plants & 12 seedlings for medical patients or six plants of which no more than 3 are mature for recreational use.[177][178]

Legalized by bills signed on May 25, 2022.[179][180]

South CarolinaMisdemeanor[181]Cannabis oil (less than 0.9% THC)Illegal
  • 2014: GovernorNikki Haley signed Senate Bill 1035, "Julian's Law", allowing children with severe epilepsy to be treated with CBD oil if recommended by a physician.[182]
South DakotaMisdemeanorLegal to possess up to 3 oz (85 g)Legal for medical patients up to an amount not exceeding 2 flowering, and 2 non-flowering plants; more in some cases.[183]

Possession of 2 oz or less a Class 1 misdemeanor punishable by a maximum of 1 year in prison and a maximum fine $2,000.[184]

Medical use legal effective July 1, 2021.

  • November 3, 2020:Medical andrecreational use legalized by separate referendums.[185][186]
  • February 8, 2021: Recreational legalization referendum (Amendment A) overturned by circuit court judge as unconstitutional.[187]
  • On November 24, 2021, the South Dakota Supreme Court ruled 4–1 that Amendment A was unconstitutional, striking down recreational legalization.[188]
TennesseeIllegal; Misdemeanor (less than .5 oz (14 g); first or second offense only).Cannabis oil (less than 0.9% THC)Illegal; Misdemeanor (nine plants or less),
Felony (ten or more plants)

First-time possession one year supervised probation instead of one year in prison; possession of .5 oz (14 g) or more for resale a felony. CBD oil possession allowed as of May 4, 2015, if suffering seizures or epilepsy with recommendation of doctor.[189]

TexasIllegal;De facto legal by not arresting for less than 4 oz (112 g) in possession in Austin. A "cite and release" policy is in effect inHouston,Dallas,San Antonio,Austin, and residents ofTravis County).Legal to possess medically. Patients may now access up to 10 mg of THC per serving and 1 gram per package, and are permitted to vape and nebulize THC products in addition to other forms.Illegal
Main article:Cannabis in Texas
  • December 2014: possession of up to 2 oz (57 g) of marijuana can result in a jail sentence of up to six months and fine of up to $2,000.[190]
  • June 1, 2015: governorGreg Abbott signed a bill legalizing CBD oil for medical use in patients with intractable epilepsy.[191]
  • May 2019: expanded the qualifying conditions of medical cannabis to includeParkinson's disease,ALS,autism,multiple sclerosis,spasticity, and terminal cancer.[192]
  • June 2021: GovernorGreg Abbott signed a bill that expands limited medical program from 0.5% THC to 1.0% THC. Effective September 1, 2021.[193]
  • June 21, 2025: GovernorGreg Abbott signed a bill expanding limited medical program to a full medical program. Patients may now access up to 10 mg of THC per serving and 1 gram per package, and are permitted to vape and nebulize THC products in addition to other forms.[194]
UtahIllegal; MisdemeanorLegal to possess up to 4 oz (113 g) per 30-day periodIllegal[195]
Main article:Cannabis in Utah
  • 2014: HB 105 signed which allows use of low-THC cannabis oil for patients with epilepsy.[196]
  • March 2018: HB 195 signed which allows cannabis for certain terminally ill patients.[197]
  • Possession up to an 1 oz (28 g) 6-months prison and maximum fine $1,000. Over 10 oz (280 g) $10,000 fine. Selling any amount a felony with 5 years in prison and $5,000 fine.[198]
VermontLegal to possess up to 1 oz (28 g)Legal to possess up to 2 oz (57 g)Legal for medical & recreational use up to an amount of 9 plants, with only 2 at a time being mature for medical patients, or six plants for recreational use of which no more than two can be mature at one time.
Main article:Cannabis in Vermont
  • May 19, 2004: medical marijuana legalized when Senate Bill 76 was enacted.[199]
  • June 2007: medical marijuana expanded by the enactment of SB 7.[200]
  • June 6, 2013: GovernorPeter Shumlin signed HB200, decriminalizing 1 oz (28 g).[201]
  • January 2018: HB511 was enacted,[202][203][204] legalizing recreational use of 1 oz (28 g) and two plants,[205] taking effect on July 1, 2018.[206][207][208] First state legislature to legalize recreational marijuana.[209]
VirginiaLegal to possess up to 1 oz (28 g) in public; no limit applies at home.[210] Legislature has yet to authorize retail sales.Legal to possess up to 4 oz (113 g) per 30-day period; unlike recreational use, commercial sales of medical marijuana is legal.Legal for medical & recreational use up to an amount of 4 plants per household.[211]
  • April 2020: decriminalized up to 1 oz (28 g) (punishable by a $25 fine) per legislation signed by GovernorRalph Northam.[212]
  • April 7, 2021: Legalized for recreational use effective July 1, 2021.[213] Retail sales were scheduled to begin by January 1, 2024, but the legislature did not go on to develop the necessary legal framework.[214]
WashingtonLegal to possess up to 1 oz (28 g)Legal to possess up to 3 oz (85 g), 48 oz (1.3 kg) of edibles, 21 g (.74 oz) of concentrate, & 216 oz (6.1 kg) of infused-liquids.Legal for medical patients only up to an amount of 6 plants.[215][216]
  • 2012: legalized byWashington Initiative 502. The law permits anyone over 21 to carry 1 oz (28 g), and it requires licensed sellers, distributors, and growers. Home growing is not allowed except for medical use.[217] First state to legalize recreational marijuana on December 6, 2012, four days before Colorado.[218]
West VirginiaIllegal; MisdemeanorLegalIllegal[219]

"Compassionate Use Act for Medical Cannabis; providing for protections for the medical use of cannabis..."[220]

WisconsinIllegal; Misdemeanor on first offense, felony on subsequent offenses; possession under 25 or 28 grams considered an ordinance violation in most incorporated municipalities, and decriminalized in the cities ofMilwaukee andMadison[221][222]CBD oilIllegal; Felony
  • First possession a misdemeanor fine up to $1,000 or imprisonment up to 6 months, or both. Second offense a Class I felony fine up to $10,000 or imprisonment up to 3.5 years, or both.[223]
  • Medical CBD oil legalized in 2014 and 2017.[220]
  • In 2020,Madison, WI legalized the possession of up to 1 oz (28 g) of recreational cannabis, including smoking cannabis on public property (not including places where cigarettes are already banned, inside or within 1,000 feet (300 m) of a school, or behind the wheel).[224]
WyomingIllegal; MisdemeanorCBD oilIllegal
Main article:Cannabis in Wyoming

Being under the influence of marijuana is a misdemeanor up to 90 days in prison and fine up to $100. Possession of 3 oz (85 g) or less a misdemeanor up to 1 year in prison and fine up to $1000.[225]

Federal district

[edit]
DistrictRecreationalMedicalCultivationNotes
District of ColumbiaLegal to possess up to 2 oz (57 g). No commercial sales.[226]Legal to possess up to 8 oz (230 g)Legal for recreational use up to an amount of six plants with only three being mature at a time; there are no provisions for commercial recreational cultivation.
  • 1998:Initiative 59 was voted in to allow medical marijuana, but was blocked from taking effect by Congress until 2009.
  • 2014: D.C. MayorVincent Gray signed a bill that decriminalized possession of up to 1 oz (28 g) of marijuana in the U.S. capital for persons 18 years of age or older. The law made possession a civil violation with a penalty of $25, lower than most city parking tickets.
  • 2014, D.C. voted by ballotInitiative 71 to legalize recreational marijuana possession, cultivation, and transportation; commercial production and sale prohibited. The law went into effect February 26, 2015, following 30 days of congressional review.[227]

By inhabited territory

[edit]
TerritoryRecreationalMedicalCultivationNotes
American SamoaIllegalIllegalIllegal
  • In 1999, the territory established a five-year mandatory minimum sentence for possession of any amount of any illegal drug, to explicitly include marijuana, even when medically prescribed in another jurisdiction.[228]
GuamLegal to possess up to 1 oz (28 g) & 8 g of concentrateLegal to possess up to 2.5 oz (71 g)Legal for medical & recreational use up to an amount not exceeding 6 mature & 12 immature plants for medical patients or up to 6 immature & 3 mature plants for recreational use.[229]
Main article:Cannabis in Guam
  • November 4, 2014: residents passed a ballot measure that allows cannabis for medical use only.[230]
  • March 2019: theLegislature of Guam passed a bill (by a close vote of 8–7) to legalize recreational cannabis. TheGovernor of Guam signed the bill into law on April 4, 2019, with immediate effect.[231]
Northern Mariana IslandsLegalLegalLegal for medical & recreational use up to an amount of 6 mature and 12 immature plants.[232]
  • September 21, 2018: Republican governorRalph Torres signed a bill into law to legalize the recreational use of cannabis in the territory.[233][234]
Puerto RicoIllegalLegal to possess up to a 30-day supply.Illegal[235]
  • May 4, 2015: the governor of Puerto Rico signed an executive order legalizing medicinal marijuana in the U.S. territory.[236]
U.S. Virgin IslandsLegal to possess up to 2 oz (57 g), 1 oz (28 g) of edibles, & 14 g (.5 oz) of concentrateLegal to possess up to 4 oz (113 g)Legal for medical patients up to an amount of 12 plants. Cultivation for non-medical use is only legal for sacramental purposes.[237]
  • December 2014: possession of up to 1 oz (28 g) was decriminalized.[238]
  • January 2019: medical use was legalized.[239]
  • January 2023: Bill to legalize recreational use signed by GovernorAlbert Bryan on January 18, 2023.[240]

By tribal nation

[edit]
Main article:Cannabis on American Indian reservations

Note: There are approximately 326 federally recognizedIndian reservations in the United States. This table shows only reservations which are known to have legalized medical or recreational use of cannabis, and may not be a complete list of reservations that have done so.

ReservationRecreationalMedicalCultivationNotes
Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe
(South Dakota)		Legal[241]LegalIllegal; Only one site has been allowed as the primary growing location.In summer 2015, the tribal authorities voted 5–1 to legalize recreational cannabis, making them the first reservation to do so following the 2013Cole Memorandum.[241]
Oglala Lakota Sioux Tribe(South Dakota)LegalLegalLegalLegalized by referendum in March 2020, ordinance effective November 27, 2020.[242]
Suquamish Tribe
(Washington state)		Legal[243][244]LegalLegalIn September 2015, the tribe signed the nation's first tribe-state cannabis pact, under which the tribe would operate a cannabis retail store with regulations paralleling those of Washington state.[245]
Squaxin Island Tribe
(Washington state)		Legal[246]LegalLegalLegalized in November 2015.[247]
Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians
(North Carolina)		LegalLegal[248]Illegal
St. Regis Mohawk Tribe
(New York)		LegalLegalLegal for medical & recreational use up to an amount of twelve plants.Legislation approved in June 2021 legalizing recreational use of cannabis and establishing a dispensary license program where all growing, processing, and sales must take place on tribal land.[252][253][254]
Tuscarora Reservation (New York)LegalLegalLegalOnly legal to buy and sell if you're a land owner in the Tuscarora Reservation,[255] little to no regulations.[256]
Omaha Reservation(Nebraska)Legal[257]Legal[257]

Legalization timeline

[edit]
United States jurisdictions with legalized recreational cannabis
JurisdictionEffective dateLicensed sales sinceLegalization method
Washington (state)December 6, 2012July 8, 2014Initiated ballot measure
ColoradoDecember 10, 2012[258]January 1, 2014Initiated ballot measure
AlaskaFebruary 24, 2015October 29, 2016Initiated ballot measure
Washington, D.C.February 26, 2015 Never authorizedInitiated ballot measure
OregonJuly 1, 2015October 1, 2015Initiated ballot measure
CaliforniaNovember 9, 2016January 1, 2018Initiated ballot measure
MassachusettsDecember 15, 2016November 20, 2018Initiated ballot measure
NevadaJanuary 1, 2017July 1, 2017Initiated ballot measure
MaineJanuary 30, 2017October 9, 2020Initiated ballot measure
VermontJuly 1, 2018October 1, 2022[259]Legislative bill
Northern Mariana IslandsSeptember 21, 2018July 16, 2021[260]Legislative bill
MichiganDecember 6, 2018December 1, 2019Initiated ballot measure
GuamApril 4, 2019Not yet startedLegislative bill
IllinoisJanuary 1, 2020January 1, 2020Legislative bill
ArizonaNovember 30, 2020January 22, 2021Initiated ballot measure
MontanaJanuary 1, 2021January 1, 2022[261]Initiated ballot measure
New JerseyFebruary 22, 2021April 21, 2022Legislatively referred ballot measure
New YorkMarch 31, 2021December 29, 2022[262]Legislative bill
New MexicoJune 29, 2021[263]April 1, 2022[264][265]Legislative bill
ConnecticutJuly 1, 2021January 10, 2023[266]Legislative bill
VirginiaJuly 1, 2021 Never authorizedLegislative bill
Rhode IslandMay 25, 2022December 1, 2022Legislative bill
MissouriDecember 8, 2022February 3, 2023[267]Initiated ballot measure
United States Virgin IslandsJanuary 18, 2023Not yet startedLegislative bill
DelawareApril 23, 2023August 1, 2025[268]Legislative bill
MarylandJuly 1, 2023July 1, 2023Legislatively referred ballot measure
MinnesotaAugust 1, 2023[108]September 16, 2025[269]Legislative bill
OhioDecember 7, 2023August 6, 2024[270]Initiated ballot measure


More maps

[edit]
Delta-8 THC legal status by state.[271]
Cannabis offense record clearance by state.[272]

Gallery of universal symbols

[edit]
Universal symbols mandated by state law for legal cannabis packaging
  • A symbol of a yellow diamond with black outlines with a black marijuana leaf inside, the word "Marijuana" is listed below in black
    Alaska, Montana, South Dakota, and Vermont
    (ASTM D8441/D8441M)
  • A red symbol with an exclamation mark above the letters "THC" inside a square diamond outline
    Arizona, Colorado, Florida, and Ohio
  • A black text symbol consisting of the letters "A" "M" "M" (Arkansas Medical Marijuana)
    Arkansas
  • A black symbol featuring a cannabis leaf and exclamation mark inside a rounded triangle outline with "CA" in bold letters below
    California
  • A symbol featuring a black cannabis leaf inside a red rounded triangle outline with "Contains THC" in black lettering below
    Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island
  • A symbol of a black outlined square diamond with a yellow fill and a green marijuana leaf inside, there is a black border a third of the way down the diamond with a white backgrounded section with "21+" written in black
    Guam and Washington state
  • A blue symbol with an exclamation point inside and the letters "THC" underneath
    Kentucky
  • A red symbol with a cannabis leaf above the letters "THC" and "Maryland" in a rounded triangle outline
    Maryland
  • A green symbol of an inverted triangle outline with a cannabis leaf inside, the words "Marijuana Product" are written in white inside the top outline of the triangle
    Michigan
  • A symbol of red square diamond outline with the letters "THC" inside and a smaller letter "M" below
    Missouri
  • A symbol of a black outlined triangle with an exclamation point inside and the letters "THC" underneath
    Nevada
  • A symbol containing a red octagon on the top left with a white open hand next to a yellow diamond on the right with black outlines with a black marijuana leaf inside, below the two icons is a black bar with "Not safe for kids" written in white
    New Jersey
  • A symbol of a thin red outlined square diamond with an exclamation point inside followed by letters "THC" and "NM"
    New Mexico
  • A symbol containing a yellow diamond on the left with black outlines with a black marijuana leaf inside next to a red outlined circle with the "21+" written inside, below the two icons is a black bar with a white outline of the New York state map and "New York State" written in white
    New York
  • A symbol of a red rounded rectangle containing a white square with a red marijuana leaf on the right and a white exclamation point on a red background on the left. In black text the words "Contains THC Not Safe For Women or Pets"
    Oklahoma
  • A symbol of a rounded rectangle with a dark gray outline containing a red square with a white marijuana leaf on the right and a white exclamation point on a dark gray background on the left
    Oregon

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands
  2. ^States that have legalized the use of recreational marijuana, including laws which have not yet gone into effect: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, and Washington

    Territories that have legalized recreational marijuana include: Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, U.S. Virgin Islands
  3. ^Hawaii, Louisiana, Mississippi, Nebraska, New Hampshire, North Carolina, North Dakota

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