Left Democratic Front ഇടതുപക്ഷ ജനാധിപത്യ മുന്നണി | |
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_Logo.svg){kind=logo} | |
| Abbreviation | LDF |
| Leader | Pinarayi Vijayan (Chief Minister of Kerala) |
| Chairperson | T. P. Ramakrishnan |
| Lok Sabha Leader | K. Radhakrishnan |
| Rajya Sabha Leader | John Brittas |
| Founders | P. K. Vasudevan Nair E. M. S. Namboodiripad |
| Founded | 1979; 46 years ago (1979) |
| Membership(2024) |  6,590,526 |
| Ideology | Social democracy[3] |
| Political position | Centre-left |
| Colours | Red |
| Lok Sabha | 1 / 20 |
| Rajya Sabha | 6 / 9 |
| Kerala Legislative Assembly | 98 / 140 |
| Gram Panchayats | 514 / 941 |
| Panchayat Samitis | 108 / 152 |
| Zilla Parishads | 11 / 14 |
| Municipalities | 43 / 86 |
| Website | |
| ldf | |
TheLeft Democratic Front (LDF) is an alliance ofleft-wing political parties led byCommunist Party of India (Marxist) in the Indian state ofKerala. It is the currentruling political alliance of Kerala, since 2016.[4] It is one of the two major political alliances in Kerala, the other beingIndian National Congress-ledUnited Democratic Front, each of which has been in power alternately for the last four decades.[5] LDF has won the elections to theState Legislature of Kerala in the years1980,[6]1987,[7]1996,[8]2006,[9]2016[10] and had a historic re-election in2021[11] where an incumbent government was re-elected for the first time in 40 years.[12] LDF has won 6 out of 10 elections since the formation of the alliance in 1980. The alliance consists ofCPI(M),CPI and various smaller parties.[13]
LDF has been in power in theState Legislature of Kerala underE. K. Nayanar (1980–81, 1987–91, 1996–2001),[14]V. S. Achuthanandan (2006-11),[15]Pinarayi Vijayan (2016–current).[16]E. K. Nayanar served as the Chief Minister of Kerala for 11 years and later became the longest servingChief Minister of Kerala.[17]
The alliance led byPinarayi Vijayan returned to power in2016 Assembly Election winning 91 out of 140 seats and further increasing its tally to 99 seats in the2021 Assembly Election. Pinarayi Vijayan became the firstChief minister of Kerala to be re-elected after completing a full term (five years) in office after ahistoric election in 2021 where an incumbent government was re-elected for the first time in 40 years.[18]
The political scenario in Kerala (1957–1980) was characterized by continually shifting alliances, party mergers and splits, factionalism within the coalitions and within political parties, and the formation of a numerous splinter groups.[19]1957 Kerala Legislative Assembly election was the first assembly election in the Indian state of Kerala. The Communist Party of India won the election with 60 seats. The election led to the formation of first democratically elected communist government in India. ACommunist-led government under E. M. S. Namboodiripad resulted from the first elections for the new Kerala Legislative Assembly in 1957, making him the first communist leader in India to head a popularly elected government.[20][21] It was one of the first Communist governments to be democratically elected, after Communist successes in the1945 elections in theRepublic of San Marino, amicrostate in Europe, and the 1946 Czechoslovak elections.[1][22][23] The coalition politics of Kerala began withsecond election held to the state legislative assembly in 1960.[19] TheCommunist Party of India (Marxist) first came into power in Kerala in 1967, underSeven party front, which was an alliance of CPI(M),CPI,IUML, and four other parties.[24] In 1970's, the major political parties in the state were unified under two major coalitions, one of them led byIndian National Congress andCommunist Party of India and the other byCPI(M).
In the late 1970s and early 1980s, two main pre-poll political alliances were formed: the Left Democratic Front (LDF), led by theCommunist Party of India (Marxist) andCommunist Party of India and the United Democratic Front (UDF), led by theIndian National Congress.[19] These pre-poll political alliances of Kerala have stabilized strongly in such a manner that, with rare exceptions, most of the coalition partners stick their loyalty to the respective alliances (Left Democratic Front or United Democratic Front).
LDF first came into power in1980 election under the leadership ofE. K. Nayanar sworn in as theChief Minister of Kerala on 26 March 1980[25] for the first time in 1980. He formed government with the support ofCongress (A) underA. K. Antony andKerala Congress underK. M. Mani, Nayanar later became the longest servingChief Minister of Kerala, ever since1980 election, the power has been clearly alternating between the two alliances till the2016.[19] LDF has won 6 out of 10 elections since the formation of the alliance in 1980. Since 1980, none of alliances in Kerala has been re-elected till the2016. The1987,1996 elections ledE. K. Nayanar, and the2006 elections led byV. S. Achuthanandan formed governments and completed their full terms but were not re-elected. In 2016, LDF won the2016 election led byPinarayi Vijayan and had a historic re-election in2021 election where an incumbent government was re-elected for first time in 40 years.Pinarayi Vijayan is the firstChief minister of Kerala to be re-elected after completing a full term (five years) in office.[18]
| No | Portrait | Name | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  | P. V. Kunjikannan | 1980–1986 |
| 2 | T. K. Ramakrishnan | 1986–1987 | |
| 3 |  | M. M. Lawrence | 1987–1998 |
| 4 |  | V. S. Achuthanandan | 1998–2001 |
| 5 | | Paloli Mohammed Kutty | 2001–2006 |
| 6 |  | Vaikom Viswan | 2006–2018 |
| 7 |  | A. Vijayaraghavan | 2018–2022 |
| 8 |  | E. P. Jayarajan | 2022–2024[26] |
| 9 |  | T. P. Ramakrishnan | 2024–present[26] |
| Party | Party Symbol | Party Flag | Kerala Unit Leader | Seats inKerala Legislative Assembly | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CPI(M) | Communist Party of India (Marxist) | _election_symbol_-_Hammer_Sickle_and_Star.svg) |  |  | M. V. Govindan | 62 / 140 | 44.28% | |
| CPI | Communist Party of India |  |  |  | Binoy Viswam | 17 / 140 | 12.14% | |
| KEC(M) | Kerala Congress (M) |  |  |  | Jose K. Mani | 5 / 140 | 3.57% | |
| JDS(T) | Janata Dal Secular (Thomas)[29] |  |  | Mathew T. Thomas | 2 / 140 | 1.43% | ||
| NCP(SP) | Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar) |  |  |  | P. C. Chacko | 2 / 140 | 1.43% | |
| RJD | Rashtriya Janata Dal |  |  |  | M. V. Shreyams Kumar | 1 / 140 | 0.71% | |
| KEC(B) | Kerala Congress (B) |  | |  | K. B. Ganesh Kumar | 1 / 140 | 0.71% | |
| INL | Indian National League |  |  | | Ahamed Devarkovil | 1 / 140 | 0.71% | |
| CON(S) | Congress (Secular) |  | _Flag.png) |  | Kadannappalli Ramachandran | 1 / 140 | 0.71% | |
| JKC | Janadhipathya Kerala Congress |  | |  | Antony Raju | 1 / 140 | 0.71% | |
| KEC(S) | Kerala Congress (Skaria Thomas) | | | Binoy Joseph | 0 / 140 | 0% | ||
The following are the associate member parties in LDF:[30][31]
| No[a] | Portrait | Name[b] | Tenure | Total | Party[c] | Ministry | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | | E. K. Nayanar (1919–2004) | 25 January 1980 | 20 October 1981 | 1 year, 268 days | 10 years, 353 days | Communist Party of India (Marxist) | Nayanar I | |
| 26 March 1987 | 24 June 1991 | 4 years, 90 days | Nayanar II | ||||||
| 20 May 1996 | 17 May 2001 | 4 years, 362 days | Nayanar III | ||||||
| 2 |  | V. S. Achuthanandan (1923–2025) | 18 May 2006 | 18 May 2011 | 5 years, 0 days | 5 years 0 days | Achuthanandan | ||
| 3 |  | Pinarayi Vijayan (b. 1945) | 25 May 2016 | 19 May 2021 | 9 years, 185 days | 9 years, 185 days | Pinarayi I | ||
| 20 May 2021 | Incumbent | Pinarayi II | |||||||
| No[d] | Portrait | Name[e] | Tenure | Total | Party[f] | Ministry | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | _1.jpg) | E. M. S. Namboodiripad (1909–1998) | 5 April 1957 | 31 July 1959 | 2 years, 117 days | 4 years 357 days | Communist Party of India | Namboodiripad I | |
| 6 March 1967 | 1 November 1969 | 2 years, 240 days | Communist Party of India (Marxist) | Namboodiripad II | |||||
| 2 |  | C. Achutha Menon (1913–1991) | 1 November 1969 | 3 August 1970 | 275 days | 7 years, 80 days | Communist Party of India | Achutha Menon I | |
| 4 October 1970 | 25 March 1977 | 6 years, 172 days | Achutha Menon II | ||||||
| 3 |  | P. K. Vasudevan Nair (1926–2005) | 29 October 1978 | 12 October 1979 | 348 days | 348 days | Vasudevan Nair | ||
| No. | Political alliance | Total days in governance | Number of Chief ministers | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | LDF | 9303 days | 3 | |
| 2 | UDF | 7,295 days | 3 | |
| 1982 | 47.25% | |||
| 1987 | 44.97% | |||
| 1991 | 45.88% | |||
| 1996 | 45.88% | |||
| 2001 | 43.70% | |||
| 2006 | 48.63% | |||
| 2011 | 44.94% | |||
| 2016 | 43.48% | |||
| 2021 | 45.43% | |||
| Election Year | Leader | Seats won | Change | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980 | E. K. Nayanar | 93 / 140 | New | Government, later Opposition |
| 1982 | 63 / 140 | 30 | Opposition | |
| 1987 | 78 / 140 |  15 | Government | |
| 1991 | 48 / 140 | 42 | Opposition | |
| 1996 | 80 / 140 | 32 | Government | |
| 2001 | V. S. Achuthanandan | 40 / 140 | 40 | Opposition |
| 2006 | 98 / 140 | 58 | Government | |
| 2011 | 68 / 140 | 30 | Opposition | |
| 2016 | Pinarayi Vijayan | 91 / 140 | 23 | Government |
| 2021 | 99 / 140 | 8 | Government |
| All time-LDF Kerala assembly seat count (For majority=70 seats) |
 |
| Election | Seats won | Ruling Coalition | Majority | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LDF | UDF | Others | |||
| 1980 | 93 | 46 | 1 | LDF | 47 |
| 1982 | 63 | 77 | 0 | UDF | 14 |
| 1987 | 78 | 61 | 1 | LDF | 17 |
| 1991 | 48 | 90 | 2 | UDF | 40 |
| 1996 | 80 | 59 | 1 | LDF | 21 |
| 2001 | 40 | 99 | 1 | UDF | 59 |
| 2006 | 98 | 42 | 0 | LDF | 56 |
| 2011 | 68 | 72 | 0 | UDF | 4 |
| 2016 | 91 | 47 | 2 | LDF | 44 |
| 2021 | 99 | 41 | 0 | LDF | 58 |
| Election Year | Legislature | Seats won / contested | Change in seats | Total votes | Per. of votes | Change in vote % | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980 | 7th Lok Sabha | 12 / 20 | 12 | N/A | N/A | N/A | [33] |
| 1984 | 8th Lok Sabha | 2 / 20 | 10 | 4,607,568 | 42.24% | N/A | [34][35] |
| 1989 | 9th Lok Sabha | 3 / 20 | 1 | 6,370,627 | 42.93% | 0.70% | [36] |
| 1991 | 10th Lok Sabha | 4 / 20 | 1 | 6,446,253 | 44.28% | 1.35% | [37][38] |
| 1996 | 11th Lok Sabha | 10 / 20 | 6 | 6,469,266 | 44.87% | 0.59% | [39] |
| 1998 | 12th Lok Sabha | 9 / 20 | 1 | 6,628,189 | 44.55% | 0.32% | [40] |
| 1999 | 13th Lok Sabha | 9 / 20 |  | 6,713,244 | 43.70% | 0.85% | [41] |
| 2004 | 14th Lok Sabha | 18 / 20 | 9 | 6,962,151 | 46.15% | 2.45% | [42] |
| 2009 | 15th Lok Sabha | 4 / 20 | 14 | 6,717,418 | 41.89% | 4.26% | [43] |
| 2014 | 16th Lok Sabha | 8 / 20 | 4 | 7,211,257 | 40.12% | 1.77% | [44] |
| 2019 | 17th Lok Sabha | 1 / 20 | 7 | 7,156,387 | 36.29% | 3.83% | [45] |
| 2024 | 18th Lok Sabha | 1 / 20 | | 6,590,526 | 33.34% | 2.95% |
| Corporation | Election Year | Seats won/ Total seats | Sitting side |
|---|---|---|---|
| Thiruvananthapuram Corporation | 2020 | 52 / 100 | Government |
| Kozhikode Municipal Corporation | 49 / 75 | Government | |
| Kochi Municipal Corporation | 34 / 74 | Government | |
| Kollam Municipal Corporation | 39 / 55 | Government | |
| Thrissur Municipal Corporation | 24 / 55 | Government | |
| Kannur Municipal Corporation | 19 / 55 | Opposition |
The LDF is the ruling alliance in Kerala which has 99 seats out of the 140 in theKerala Niyamasabha.
| No. | Party | Current No. of MLAs in Assembly |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Communist Party of India (Marxist) | 62 |
| 2 | Communist Party of India | 17 |
| 3 | Kerala Congress (M) | 5 |
| 4 | Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar) | 2 |
| 5 | Janata Dal (Secular) | 2 |
| 6 | Kerala Congress (B) | 1 |
| 7 | Rashtriya Janata Dal (PreviouslyLJD) | 1 |
| 8 | Indian National League | 1 |
| 9 | Congress (Secular) | 1 |
| 10 | Janadhipathya Kerala Congress | 1 |
| 11 | National Secular Conference | 1 |
| 12 | LDF Supported Independents | 4 |
| Total Seats | 98 |
The following list shows the MLAs belonging to LDF in the Niyamasabha.
Key
CPI(M) CPI KC(M) JD(S) LJD NCP
Keys:
| # | Name[46] | Party | Term start[47] | Term end[47] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A. A. Rahim | CPM | 03-Apr-2022 | 03-Apr-2028 | |
| 2 | V. Sivadasan | CPM | 24-Apr-2021 | 23-Apr-2027 | |
| 3 | John Brittas | CPM | 24-Apr-2021 | 23-Apr-2027 | |
| 4 | P. Santhosh Kumar | CPI | 03-Apr-2022 | 03-Apr-2028 | |
| 5 | P. P. Suneer | CPI | 02-Jul-2024 | 01-Jul-2030 | |
| 6 | Jose K Mani | KC(M) | 02-Jul-2024 | 01-Jul-2030 | |
CPI(M) (1)
| # | Constituency | Name | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Alathur (SC) | K. Radhakrishnan | Communist Party of India (Marxist) | |
The Left Democratic Front (LDF), who also forms thestate government, won in more than half of allgram panchayats andblock panchayats, two-thirds ofdistrict panchayats and in five out of sixmunicipal corporations.
| Local self-government body | Local Bodies in lead | Total | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LDF | UDF | Others | Tie | ||
| Gram Panchayats | 514 | 321 | 42 | 64 | 941 |
| Block Panchayats | 108 | 38 | 0 | 6 | 152 |
| District Panchayats | 11 | 3 | 0 | 0[g] | 14 |
| Municipalities | 43 | 41 | 2 | 0[h] | 86 |
| Corporations | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| Local self-government body | Local Bodies won | Total | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LDF | UDF | NDA | Others | ||
| Gram Panchayats | 549 | 365 | 14 | 13 | 941 |
| Block Panchayats | 90 | 61 | 0 | 1 | 152 |
| District Panchayats | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 14 |
| Municipalities | 44 | 41 | 1 | 0 | 87 |
| Corporations | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
On 7 December 2011, the LDF organized a 208 km human wall demanding the construction of a new dam in place of the present 115-year leaky dam at Mullapperiyar. The human wall was the second-longest of the kind in Kerala which stretched across two districts.[48]
LDF launched its website ahead of 2011 Kerala Assembly Election.[49]
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{{cite web}}:Check|archive-url= value (help)The first democratically elected communist-led government in India actually came to power in 1957 in the southwest-Indian state of Kerala. Two years later this government was undemocratically toppled-by the union government and the Congress-I party with Indira Gandhi in the forefront. But the communists were reelected and led several of the following state governments.
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