Left-wing populism, also calledsocial populism, is apolitical ideology that combinesleft-wing politics withpopulist rhetoric and themes. Its rhetoric often includes elements of anti-elitism, opposition tothe Establishment, and speaking for thecommon people.[1] Recurring themes for left-wing populists includeeconomic democracy,social justice, andskepticism of globalization.Socialist theory plays a lesser role than in traditional left-wing ideologies.[2][3]
Criticism of capitalism and globalization is linked to unpopular United States military operations, especially those in theMiddle East.[4] It is considered that the populist left does not exclude others horizontally and relies onegalitarian ideals.[1] Some scholars also speak ofnationalist left-wing populist movements, a feature exhibited by theSandinista Revolution in Nicaragua or theBolivarian Revolution in Venezuela. Unlikeright-wing populism, left-wing populist parties tend to be supportive of minority rights,[5][6] as well as to an idea of nationality that is not delimited by cultural or ethnic particularisms.[7]Bernie Sanders andAlexandria Ocasio-Cortez, self-describeddemocratic socialists, are examples of modern left-wing populist politicians in the United States.[8][9][10][11] With the rise ofSyriza andPodemos during theEuropean debt crisis, there has been increased debate on new left-wing populism in Europe.[12][13]
Traditionally, left-wing populism has been associated with thesocialist movement; since the 2010s, there has been a movement close to left-wing populism in theleft-liberal camp,[14][15][16][17] some of which are consideredsocial democratic positions.[18][19] In the 2020s, left-liberal economic populism appealing to theworking class has been prominent in some countries, such as withJoe Biden of the United States andLee Jae-myung of South Korea, whereliberal andconservative parties are the main two parties.[20]
Peter Obi, a businessman and outsider politician running with theLabour Party in the2023 Nigerian presidential election, was seen as apopulist politician, gaining the support of much of Nigeria's youth. Before running forPresident, Obi took part in theEnd SARS movement, which sought to disband Nigeria'sSpecial Anti-Robbery Squad, or SARS due to its connection to the criminal underworld and its excessive use of force. SARS was disbanded in 2020. Obi's presidential campaign in 2022 and 2023 constantly ran on issues such aseconomic development,fightingcorruption, moving beyond ethnic politics, which have dominated Nigeria going back to its founding, and promotingcriminal justice reform. Obi sought to challenge the traditionaltwo-party system, led by thecentrist andBuharistAll Progressives Congress on one side, and thecenter-right,nationalist, andconservative-liberalPeoples Democratic Party.
Julius Malema, the former leader of theAfrican National Congress Youth League, broke away from thecenter-leftAfrican National Congress to form theEconomic Freedom Fighters. The EFF are notable for theirextremeblack nationalism, which has been accused by critics of includinganti-Asian racism,anti-White racism, andantisemitism.[21] This also includes radical economic reforms inspired byMarxism-Leninism, includingland reform without compensation. The EFF is also extremelyanti-West, to the point of actively trying to supportRussia's invasion andoccupationin Ukraine and has denied the well documentedwar crimes committed by Russia,[22] as well as theBelt and road initiativewithin Africa itself. However, the EFF is not socially conservative. In fact, voters for the EFF are the mostly likely of all voters in South Africa to supportsame-sex marriage, which has been legalsince 2006.
In the run-up to the2024 South African general election, formerpresidentJacob Zuma has formed his own political party,uMkhonto we Sizwe. Named afterthe former paramilitary wing of the ANC of the same name, Zuma has been trying to position himself as supporting a more legitimate version of the ANC. MK, as Zuma's party is also known, calls fordeporting illegal immigrants to South Africa,land reform without compensation, andopposition to same-sex marriage, the latter making it in opposition to the ANC on that one particular issue.
Former dictatorRobert Mugabe and hisZANU–PF party are seen as populist by many observers. Mugabe's ideology combinedAfrican nationalism withsocialist economics and a broad-based appeal to the people. The most notably policies of ZANU–PF are theirland reforms.
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Cristina Fernández de Kirchner (thePresident of Argentina from 2007 to 2015) and her husbandNéstor Kirchner were said to practiceKirchnerism, a variant ofPeronism that was often mentioned alongside otherPink tide governments in Latin America. During Cristina Fernández de Kirchner's time in office, she spoke against certain free trade agreements, such as the proposedFree Trade Area of the Americas. Her administration was characterized by tax increases, especially on agricultural exports during the late 2000s commodities boom,Argentina's main export, in order to fund social programs such as the PROGRESAR university scholarships, theuniversal allocation per child subsidy (commonly referred to as AUH in Argentina,Asignación Universal por Hijo), ameans-tested benefit to families with children who qualified for the subsidy, and progressive social reforms such as the recognition ofsame-sex marriage.
The leadership ofSiles Zuazo practised left-wing populism[23] as well as that of former socialistPresidentEvo Morales.[24]
Lulism is a pragmaticcentre-left ideology to the extent that it is called "socialistneoliberalism",[25] but it appeals to aprogressive, common-class image and also has populist elements in terms of popular mobilization.[26]
Rafael Correa, the formerPresident of Ecuador, has stressed the importance of a "populist discourse" and has integrated technocrats to work within this context for the common Ecuadorians. Correa has blamed foreignnon-governmental organizations for exploiting the indigenous people in the conflict between the indigenous peoples and the government.[27][28][29]
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FormerPresident of Mexico,Andrés Manuel López Obrador (or AMLO for short), and his party, theMorena, are considered left-wing populist in nature.[30] AMLO has been a politician in Mexico for over three decades. He has been described as many different things, includingcentre-left,progressive, a left-wing populist,social democratic, andeconomically nationalist.
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During the 1890s and 1900s, thePeople's Party (United States), commonly known as the Populists, was a political party that grew out of a broad, economically left-wing movement, agrarian in nature but formed out of a "coalition of farmers, laborers, and middle-class activists" during a period of intensive labor unrest and economic transformation in theUnited States. Concerned that the two major American political parties were too beholden to corporate interests and hence inimical to reform, this coalition gave rise to the People's Party by 1892.[31] They cast themselves in opposition to big business, particularly the banks and gold standard, and the political establishment controlled by them. It advocated for government intervention in the economy, such as the government ownership of railroads.[32][33]
Huey Long, the Great Depression-era Governor-turned-Senator of Louisiana, was one of the first modern American left-wing populists in the United States. He advocated for wealth redistribution under his Share Our Wealth plan, which had its roots in the classical left-wing populist movement ofJacksonian democracy,[34] which is related to theradical movement.[35][36][37]
Bernie Sanders andAlexandria Ocasio-Cortez, self-describeddemocratic socialists, are examples of modern left-wing populist politicians.[8][9][10][11] Sanders and Ocasio-Cortez's populist message tend to place the people in opposition to big business and the very wealthy. Ocasio-Cortez's Democratic primary victory over the establishment Democratic Caucus ChairJoe Crowley, a 10-term incumbent, was widely seen as the biggest upset victory in the 2018 midterm election primaries. The Nation magazine described Ocasio-Cortez as a "new rock star" who was "storming the country on behalf of insurgent populists".[38]Elizabeth Warren is also mentioned as a representative left-wing orliberal populist,[16][17][39] and Warren is sometimes evaluated as asocial democrat.[18][19][40]Joe Biden is usually classified as a political moderate, but his economic policies occasionally have attracted the populist moniker.[41]Sherrod Brown has also been cited as a "left-wingprogressive" andpopulist.[42][43][44]
The presidency ofHugo Chávez resembled a combination of folk wisdom and charismatic leadership with doctrinaire socialism.[24] Chávez'santi-establishment stance helped him win the1998 Venezuelan presidential election. His closeness to Cuba caused problems for Venezuela's relationship with the US. The relationship further soured due to thefailed 2002 coup attempt, for which Chávez blamed the US and theCIA. His foreign policy opposed the US and, in a speech before theUnited Nations General Assembly, he said thatGeorge W. Bush was "the devil himself" and that he had left a "smell of sulphur" in the Assembly chamber. He was admired by progressives and popular among his own people, especially the poor. George W. Bush openly supported the Venezuelan opposition, butBarack Obama scaled back the support after his election.[45][46]
Stav Shaffir is a politician who was traditionally associetated with the moreleft-wing andpopulistic elements ofIsraeli politics, especially issues ofenvironmentalism,social justice, and astrongly pro-peace stance to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. She initially got her start in Israeli politics as one of the three leaders, alongsideDaphni Leef andItzik Shmuli, of the2011 social justice protests.[47][48] Shaffir became particularly well known for her debate withLikudMKMiri Regev over housing prices on the Israeli television programErev Hadash.[49] She would go on to discuss the protest movement on tours to the United States, alongsidepro-peaceLabor ZionistAmos Oz, serving as a keynote speaker forJewish-American organizations likeJStreet.[50]
In 2012, Shaffir joined theIsraeli Labor Party. She became amember of the Israeli Knesset after the2013 Israeli legislative election.[51] She became famous for being the MK with the lowest net worth, owning nothing more than her apartment and a car.[52] She worked with thesocially liberal,secular, andliberal Zionist partyHatnua, eventually forming theZionist Union, which would also run in the2015 Israeli legislative election.[53] By that time, however, she had left and become the leader of theGreen Movement, later renamed to the Green Party in 2019. For theSeptember 2019 Israeli legislative election, Shaffir organized various parties together to form theDemocratic Union coalition.[54] However, after the2020 Israeli legislative election, Shaffir lost her seat. During her tenure asMK from 2013 to 2020, Shaffir worked on issued from social justice to defunding West Bank settlements, and from government transparency efforts to LGBT rights.[55][56][57][58]
Yesh Atid is aradical centrist orliberal party. In Israeli politics, "liberal" is not particularly a concept that is distinguished byleft orright, but Yesh Atid is evaluated that it has a left-wing populist element in part. They criticize elitism that causes political corruption and demand a position on material redistribution.[14] However, Yesh Atid has an element ofeconomic liberalism simultaneously.[59]
FormerAluf in theIDFYair Golan has promoted views supportingLeftist Zionism,[60] atwo-state solution with Israel keeping some of thesettlement blocs, but opposition to total annexation of the West Bank,[60][61]full separation of synagogue and state[62][63] as well asending the marriage monopoly by theChief Rabbinate,[63] opposingcorruption,[61] supporting the2023 judicial reform protests,[64][65] supportingLGBTQ+ rights,[63] and creating a fairereconomy for allIsraelis.[63]
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Reiwa Shinsengumi, led byTarō Yamamoto, is a representativeJapanese left-wing populist movement. While he and his party use anti-established rhetoric, they are sometimes called "liberal populist". According to experts, Yamamoto uses a simple message to spotlight single individuals left behind, including people struggling with poverty or non-permanent employment, who used to devote themselves to radical conservatism.[15]
Reiwa Shinsengumi is also called a "progressive populist", because they are not rooted in the traditional Japanese socialist or Labor movement, but areculturally andeconomically progressive, representing marginalizedyoung people andminorities.[66][67]
South Korea's leftist political party, theProgressive Party, advocatesdirect democracy,anti-neoliberalism andanti-imperialism. They support anational liberalist foreign policy hostile toJapan.
Lee Jae-myung, one ofDPK's major politicians, has been mentioned as a "populist" in some media outlets.[68][69][70] Lee Jae-myung pledged to implement the world's firstuniversal basic income system if elected in the 2022 South Korean presidential election but said he would not pay for it if the people opposed it.[71][72] South Korea'sright-wing politicianHong Joon-pyo saw Lee Jae-myung in September 2021 and accused him of being "Chávez ofGyeonggi Province".[73] However, there is controversy in South Korea as to whether Lee Jae-myung can be viewed as a "left-wing populist" in the context of the United States or Europe. He once said he was "conservative" and suggested policies far from general left-wing populism in the United States and Europe, partially insisting oneconomic liberal policies such as deregulating companies on some issues.[74][75] In addition, he showed a somewhat conservative tendency on some social agendas.[76] In addition, Kim Hyun-jong, the head of the International Trade Special Division at the Lee Jae-myung Camp, met withHenry Kissinger, and Henry Kissinger gave Lee Jae-myung a handwritten autograph called "Good wishes".[77] In addition, Lee Jae-myung's political orientation was somewhat ambiguous, soconservative journalistDong-A Ilbo denied that he was a left-wing politician, while South Korea'sfar-left organizationWorkers' Solidarity evaluated him as asocial democratic. (However, another South Korean left-wingundongkwon group denied that Lee Jae-myung is not a social democratic.)[78][79][80] Lee is also a staunch supporter offree trade, unlike ordinaryeconomic populists.[81]
France has a long tradition of left-wing populism. During theFrench Revolution, theHébertists, founded byJacques Hébert in 1791, were aradical faction within theSociety of the Friends of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, aJacobin group leadingFrance during theReign of Terror.[82] They were most known for their militant opposition to the moremoderate leadership ofGeorges Danton and supporteddechristianization.[82] They were also supportive of sendingLouis XVI to theguillotine.[82] Eventually, theCommittee of Public Safety threatening, eventually charging Hébert with conspiracy and sending him to the guillotine.[82]
In the modern day,La France Insoumise, or "France Unbowed" is a left-wing populist,democratic socialist, andeco-socialist party.[83] The party is led by its founder, the populist firebrandJean-Luc Mélenchon.[84]
TheParty of Democratic Socialism was explicitly studied under left-wing populism, especially by German academics.[85] The party was formed after thereunification of Germany, and it was similar toright-wing populists in that it relied on anti-elitism and media attention provided by charismatic leadership.[86] The party competed for the same voter base with the right-wing populists to some extent, although it relied on a more serious platform in Eastern Germany. This was limited by anti-immigration sentiments preferred by some voters, although the lines were, for example, crossed byOskar Lafontaine, who used a term previously associated with theNazi Party,Fremdarbeiter ('foreign workers'), in his election campaign in 2005.[86] The PDS merged into theLeft Party in 2007.[87] The Left Party is also viewed as a left-wing populist party,[88] but it is not the basis of the party as a whole.
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Syriza, which became the largest party sinceJanuary 2015 elections, has been described as a left-wing populist party after its platform incorporated most demands of the popular movements in Greece during thegovernment-debt crisis. Populist traits in Syriza's platform include the growing importance of "the People" in their rhetoric and "us/the people against them/the establishment" antagonism in campaigning. On immigration andLGBT rights, Syriza is inclusionary. Syriza itself does not accept the label "populist".[89][90]
Sinn Féin is generally considered anIrish republican,Irish nationalist,democratic socialist, andleft-leaningpopulist political party.
The ItalianFive Star Movement (M5S), which became the largest party in the2018 general election, has often been described as abig tent populist party,[91][92] but sometimes also as a left-wing populist movement;[93] the "five stars", which are a reference to five critical issues for the party, arepublic water,sustainable transport,sustainable development,right to Internet access, andenvironmentalism, typical proposals of left-wing populist parties.[94] However, despite its background in left-wing politics, the M5S has often expressed right-wing views on immigration.[95]
In September 2019, the M5S formed a government with the centre-leftDemocratic Party (PD) and the left-wingFree and Equal (LeU), withGiuseppe Conte at its head.[96][97] Thegovernment has been sometimes referred to as a left-wing populist cabinet.[98]
TheSocialist Party has run a left-wing populist platform after dropping itscommunist course in 1991.[99] Although some have pointed out that the party has become less populist over the years, it still includes anti-elitism in its recent election manifestos.[100] It opposes what it sees as theEuropean superstate.
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Since its foundation, theSocial Democratic Party (PSD) has been described as left-wing populist andleft-wing nationalist.[101][102][103] Political analyst Radu Magdin described the PSD as abig tent catch-all pragmatic party with a strong populist rhetoric.[104] Under the leadership ofVictor Ponta andLiviu Dragnea, PSD was alsosovereigntist.[105]
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The left-wing populist partyPodemos achieved 8% of the national vote in the2014 European Parliament election. Due to avoidingnativist language typical of right-wing populists, Podemos can attract left-wing voters disappointed with thepolitical establishment without taking sides in the regional political struggle.[106] In the2015 election for the national parliament, Podemos reached 20.65% of the vote and became the third largest party in the parliament after the conservativePeople's Party with 28.71% and theSpanish Socialist Workers' Party with 22.02%. In the new parliament, Podemos holds 69 out of 350 seats, which has resulted in the end of the traditionaltwo-party system in Spain.[107] In a November 2018 interview withJacobin,Íñigo Errejón argues that Podemos requires a new "national-popular" strategy to win more elections.[108]
During the1917 elections for the Russian Constituent Assembly, theUkrainian Socialist-Revolutionary Party, aUkrainian nationalist andagrarian socialist party inspired by theNarodniks, ran and won almost every region in Ukraine. The Ukrainian Socialist-Revolutionaries supported theUkrainian People's Republic during theUkrainian War of Independence. They also opposedBolshevik occupation of Ukraine during theUkrainian-Soviet War. The Socialist-Revolutionaries also rebelled againstUkrainian reactionary Hetmanates taking over their country.[109]
In contemporary Ukrainian politics, theRadical Party of Oleh Liashko is generally speaking considered a left-wing populist party with anti-oligarch andleft-wing nationalist stances.[110] The party is also consideredsocial democratic, and supports Ukraine's ascension intoNATO and theEuropean Union.[111]
Not all Ukrainian left-wing populists oppose Russian influence, however. In 1993, theCommunist Party of Ukraine was founded byPetro Symonenko, a formerapparatchik of theUkrainian Soviet Socialist Republic,.[112] Generally, the party is a continuation ofthe Soviet-era Communist Party of Ukraine,[113] the same one which oversaw the implementation of theHolodomor.[114][115] The party primarily opposeddecommunization laws. Some critics say the party is not reallycommunist but rather a kind ofconservativepro-Russian party with the aesthetic ofSoviet communism and theSoviet Union. The party has similar views to theCommunist Party of the Russian Federation.[112] Following theRevolution of Dignity, the Communist Party of Ukraine lost popular support outside the far east due to its pro-Yanukovych stance, especially after it voted for theanti-protest laws, which were universally seen as a major step indemocratic backsliding by many Ukrainians.[116] The role of the Communist Party of Ukraine in financingDonbas separatist movements and theDonetsk andLuhansk People's Republic has been disputed, with credible reports of the party providing somemateriel support to the Russian backed separatists, though this is denied by the CPU.[117] After showing support for Putin following Russia's unprovoked invasion of Ukraine in 2022, the Communist Party of Ukraine, alongside other pro-Soviet or pro-Putin political parties, were banned by the Ukrainian government.[118]
Albania –Socialist Party of Albania
Argentina –Union for the Homeland[119]
Australia –Australian Greens
Belgium –Workers' Party of Belgium
Bulgaria –Bulgarian Socialist Party
Bosnia –Alliance of Independent Social Democrats
Bolivia –Movement for Socialism[120]
Belarus —Belaya Rus
Brazil –Workers' Party,[121]Communist Party of Brazil,Socialism and Liberty Party
Chile –Broad Front (factions),Chile Digno
Colombia –Alternative Democratic Pole,Colombia Humana
Cyprus –Progressive Party of Working People
Denmark –Red–Green Alliance,Inuit Ataqatigiit,Republic
Dominican Republic –Dominican Liberation Party (factions)
Ecuador –Citizen Revolution Movement
Europe –Party of the European Left,European Left Alliance for the People and the Planet
Estonia –Estonian Centre Party[122]
Finland –Left Alliance
France –La France Insoumise[123][124]
Germany –The Left[88]
Greece –Syriza[125][126]
Haiti –Platfòm Pitit Desalin
Honduras –Libertad y Refundación (Libre)
India –Communist Party of India (Marxist),Communist Party of India
Indonesia –Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle
Ireland –
Northern Ireland –Sinn Féin,[127]People Before Profit–Solidarity
Italy –Democratic Party (factions),[128][129][130]Five Star Movement (factions)[126][131][132][133]
Japan –Reiwa Shinsengumi[134][135][136][137]
Kosovo –Vetëvendosje
Luxembourg –The Left
Mexico –Morena,Labor Party
Mongolia –Mongolian People's Party
Netherlands –Socialist Party[138]
Nicaragua –Sandinista National Liberation Front
Norway –Red Party[139][better source needed]
Paraguay –Guasú Front
Peru –Free Peru
Poland -Left Together
Portugal –Left Bloc
Romania –Social Democratic Party[140][141][142]
Russia –Communist Party of the Russian Federation (factions),For a New Socialism
San Marino –United Left,Active Citizenship
Serbia –Socialist Party of Serbia,Movement of Socialists
Slovakia –Direction - Social Democracy
South Africa –Economic Freedom Fighters[143]
South Korea -Progressive Party
Spain –Podemos,[144][145][146]Más Madrid,United Left,Comuns
Sri Lanka -National People's Power
Sweden –Left Party[139][better source needed]
Taiwan –Taiwan People's Party
Turkey –Peoples' Democratic Party,[147]Workers' Party of TurkeyUnited Kingdom –Labour Party (factions),[148][149][150]Green Party of England and Wales
United States –Democratic Party (factions),[151][152][153]Democratic Socialists of America[154][155]
Venezuela –United Socialist Party of Venezuela[156]
Zimbabwe –ZANU–PF[157]
Austria –Communist Party of AustriaChile –Equality Party,Progressive Party[158]
Czechia –Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia,The LeftEstonia –Estonian United Left PartyFinland –Communist Party of FinlandGermany –Sahra Wagenknecht Alliance - Reason and JusticeGreece –Popular UnityIndia –Samajwadi Party,Rashtriya Janata DalIndonesia –Just and Prosperous People's Party,New Labour PartyItaly –Communist Refoundation Party,[159]Democracy and Autonomy,Power to the People
Iran –People's Mujahedin of Iran[160]
Malaysia –Socialist Party of Malaysia
Namibia –Namibian Economic Freedom FightersRussia –Patriots of Russia,Left Bloc,Left Front,Russian Socialist MovementSerbia –Party of the Radical LeftSlovakia –Socialists.skTaiwan –New Power PartyTurkey –Patriotic Party (Turkey)
Ukraine –Communist Party of Ukraine[161]United Kingdom –Scottish Socialist Party,[162]Northern Independence Party,[163]Workers Party of Britain[164]First, on average we observe a substantial positive relationship between left-wing populist parties and minority rights, whereas we find negative effects for right-wing populist parties. [...] The most consistent finding across these additional checks is the positive association between left-wing populist parties and minority rights in comparison to right-wing populist parties, particularly in opposition.
Indeed, there are some similarities between Yesh Atid and left-wing populist parties. First, the distinction between the 'pure people' and the corrupt political establishment, which characterizes left-wing populism (Alonso & Kaltwasser, 2014), also exists in Yesh Atid rhetoric. The same is true for the call for material redistribution, which characterizes both left-wing populism (Alonso & Kaltwasser, 2014) and Yesh Atid.
Sometimes regarded as a 'liberal-populist' party, a new political party, Reiwa Shinsengumi, arose in a 'riot' of people who believed they have been marginalized by Japanese capitalism and democracy. The party's charismatic leader, ... Yamamoto uses a simple message to spotlight single individuals left behind, including people struggling with poverty or non-permanent employment, who used to devote themselves to radical conservatism.
Right- wing populism lives on past Trump's presidency, for instance, just as left-wing populism continued to thrive after Elizabeth Warren and Bernie Sanders conceded the US Democratic primary.
Warren is a social democrat. Sanders is a democratic socialist. The difference between the two is best explained by how Warren and Sanders convey their skepticism toward capitalism, said Sheri Berman, a political scientist with Barnard College, who has written extensively on the history of the left.
Sanders, like Warren, clearly appreciates that movements are the motor that drives change, and a Sanders administration, like a Warren administration, would partner with movements to achieve change. Both candidates offer a compelling vision that can inspire people, and both share the goal of orienting America closer to social democracy.
Lula da Silva's form of economic liberalism can be classified as "socialist neoliberalism." This means that one uses the wealth generated by the market to finance social programs to lift people out of poverty.
Being a variation of populism, Lulism did not organize its social base, which remained politically dispersed and was kept as a "deposit of votes" for the presidential candidates of the pt.
Mount's mature views on blacks were expressed formally through his affiliation with the Democratic Party, the party of slavery. He opposed both abolition and the left-wing populism generated by Jacksonian ideals.
The truth is that studies of Jacksonian radicalism have been few and far between in the last two decades (just check the dates of the books I have cited), so it is no surprise that very few people know about Paul Brown, William Mathers ...
... which was one of the recurrent themes in European and in particular American radicalism : Jacksonian democrats were ...
{{cite web}}:Missing or empty|title= (help){{cite news}}:|first1= has generic name (help){{cite web}}:Missing or empty|title= (help){{cite web}}:Missing or empty|title= (help){{cite web}}:Missing or empty|title= (help)Reiwa Shinsengumi is usually viewed as a progressive populist party.
The candidates include 50-year-old transgender candidate Karen Yoda from the Reiwa Shinsengumi party, whose catchphrase is "Diversity is power," ...
This allows a populist figure like Lee Jae-myung, mayor of wealthy satellite city Seongnam, to be presented as a progressive presidential candidate, simply because he instituted a minor basic income program and has directly called for President Park's imprisonment.
이 후보는 이날 서울 중구 대한상공회의소에서 최태원 대한상의 회장과 만나 "창의와 혁신을 가로막는 관료적 규제는 축소하거나 없애야 하는 것"이라면서 "기업은 새로운 아이템 발굴이 자유롭게 이뤄질 수 있도록 해야한다"고 밝혔다.[Candidate Lee met with Choi Tae-won, chairman of the Korea Chamber of Commerce and Industry, at the Korea Chamber of Commerce and Industry in Jung-gu, Seoul, and said "Bureaucratic regulations that hinder creativity and innovation should be reduced or removed", "Companies should be free to discover new items".]
"당신이 진정한 좌파라면 이재명을 '사회민주주의자' 혹은 '개혁의 적임자'로 판단하면 안 된다"[If you are a true leftist, you should not judge Lee Jae-myung as a 'social democratic' or 'right person for reform'.]
{{cite book}}:|work= ignored (help)To provide an Islamic justification for their populist program, Mojahedin often utilized the euphemism coined by Shariati.
{{cite book}}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)