Lee Raymond | |
|---|---|
 Raymond,c. 1960 | |
| 19thPresident of Exxon | |
| In office January 1, 1987 – April 28, 1993 | |
| Preceded by | Lawrence G. Rawl |
| Succeeded by | Charles R. Sitter |
| 21stPresident of ExxonMobil | |
| In office February 1, 1996 – March 1, 2004 | |
| Preceded by | Charles R. Sitter |
| Succeeded by | Rex W. Tillerson |
| 14thChairman of ExxonMobil | |
| In office April 28, 1993 – December 31, 2005 | |
| Preceded by | Lawrence G. Rawl |
| Succeeded by | Rex W. Tillerson |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1938-08-13)August 13, 1938 (age 87) Watertown, South Dakota, U.S. |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | |
| Children | 3[1] |
| Education | University of Wisconsin–Madison (BS) University of Minnesota (PhD) |
Lee Roy Raymond (born August 13, 1938) is an American businessman and was the chief executive officer (CEO) and chairman ofExxonMobil from 1999 to 2005. He had previously been the CEO ofExxon since 1993. He joined the company in 1963 and served as president from 1987 and a director beginning in 1984.
While at Exxon, Raymond was one of the most outspoken executives in the United States against regulation to curtailglobal warming.[2] While casting doubt on climate change in public, internal Exxon research pointed to the role of human activity in climate change and the dangers of climate change which was characterized in the PBS Frontline three-part documentary "The Power of Big Oil".[3]
Lee Raymond was born inWatertown, South Dakota, on August 13, 1938. He graduated fromWatertown High School in 1956. Raymond received a bachelor's degree in chemical engineering from theUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison in 1960. Raymond went on to earn his PhD in chemical engineering from theUniversity of Minnesota. He was awarded an honorary doctorate from the same university in 2001. Raymond met his wife, Charlene née Hocevar, while studying at the University of Wisconsin–Madison; she was pursuing and later earned a degree in journalism.
Raymond began working for Exxon in 1963. Raymond became a director of Exxon in 1984 and in 1987 he became the president of the company. In 1993, he became CEO succeedingLawrence G. Rawl and held this post until 2005. He negotiated the merger with Mobil that became effective on January 1, 2000, and gave birth to the new ExxonMobil company. In 2003, when approaching the age of 65, the mandatory retirement age for executives at ExxonMobil, the board of directors requested him to stay in his position two more years, in order to prepare his succession, after the post-merger reorganisation period. On August 14, 2005, Raymond announced that he would retire at the end of 2005 as ExxonMobil's chairman and CEO, two years later than the usual mandatory retirement age of 65 for the company executives. ExxonMobil presidentRex W. Tillerson succeeded Raymond on 1 January 2006. On April 14, 2006, it was reported that Raymond's retirement package was worth about $400 million, the largest in history for a U.S. public company.[4] However, the majority of that sum consisted of retirement-independent salary, bonuses, stock options, andrestricted stock awards from his final year and prior years that, while high, are not unprecedented among major American CEOs. Retirement-specific payments in accordance with the standard pension plan provided to all ExxonMobil employees totaled around $100 million, calculated based on his over forty years of service and his salary upon retirement. Raymond was also chair of theNational Petroleum Council (NPC), when it was asked to produce a report on the future of oil supply and demand.[5]
Raymond was one of the most outspoken executives in the United States against regulation to curtailglobal warming.[6] In the 1990s, Raymond claimed that the scientific evidence for climate change was “inconclusive” and that “the case for global warming is far from air tight.”[7]
After retiring from Exxon, Raymond was hired in 2005 as lead independent director for JPMorgan Chase. In 2020, amid pressure to remove Raymond from the board due to his history on climate change, JPMorgan Chase removed Raymond as lead independent director of JPMorgan Chase’s board.[8][9]
Steve Coll describes Raymond as "notoriously skeptical about climate change and disliked government interference at any level".[10] In a new BBC Documentary, Big Oil v the World, Professor Martin Hoffert, a former Exxon climate consultant, called Lee Raymond's report, "Climate Change: Don't Ignore the facts," as "a load of baloney," and "I would have to say that on an ethical basis, it is actually evil."[11]
Lee Raymond was at the helm of Exxon while it remained one of the last large companies to omit gay employees in its anti-discrimination policy. He was also at the helm during the takeover of Mobil, when the new Exxon-Mobil corporation rescinded Mobil's pre-existing anti-discrimination policy.[12] HR policy was eventually updated in 2015 to include a prohibition on discrimination against gay employees, but from 1999 to 2014 the board annually rejected a resolution brought by shareholders to compel the company to implement a non-discrimination policy.[13]
His son, John T. Raymond, is active in the oil and gas industry. John partnered with the Jim Flores and Paul Allen-backed Vulcan Capital in the buyout of Plains Resources.[14]
Lee Raymond received theWoodrow Wilson Award from theWoodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars of theSmithsonian Institution for Corporate Citizenship during a dinner held in his honor in Dallas, Texas, in early 2003.[citation needed]
| Business positions | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by position created | CEO ofExxonMobil November 30, 1999–December 31, 2005 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | CEO ofExxon 1993–November 30, 1999 | Succeeded by Continued as head ofExxonMobil |
