 League Park from the air | |
 | |
| Former names | Dunn Field (1921–1927) |
|---|---|
| Location | East 66th Street & Lexington Ave. Cleveland, Ohio, United States |
| Coordinates | 41°30′41″N81°38′39″W / 41.51139°N 81.64417°W /41.51139; -81.64417 |
| Capacity | 9,000 (1891) 21,414 (1910) 22,500 (final) |
| Field size | Left field – 375 ft (114 m) Left-center – 415 ft (127 m) Deep center – 460 ft (140 m) Center field – 420 ft (128 m) Right-center – 340 ft (104 m) Right field – 290 ft (88 m) |
| Surface | Grass |
| Construction | |
| Broke ground | 1891 |
| Opened | May 1, 1891 |
| Renovated | April 21, 1910 |
| Closed | September 21, 1946 |
| Demolished | 1951 |
| Architect | Osborn Engineering Company (1910) |
| Tenants | |
| Cleveland Spiders (NL) 1891–1899 Cleveland Lake Shores (WL) 1900 Cleveland Indians (MLB) 1901–1932, 1934–1946 Cleveland Bearcats / Spiders (AA) 1914–1915 Cleveland Red Sox (NNL II) 1934 Cleveland Bears (NAL) 1939–1940 Cleveland Buckeyes (NAL) 1942–1950 Cleveland Tigers (OL/NFL) 1916–1922 | |
League Park | |
    | |
| Location | Lexington Ave. and E. 66th St.,Cleveland, Ohio |
| Coordinates | 41°30′42″N81°38′39″W / 41.51167°N 81.64417°W /41.51167; -81.64417 |
| Area | 1 acre (0.40 ha) |
| Built | 1891, 1909–1910 |
| Architect | Charles S. Schneider |
| NRHP reference No. | 79001808[1] |
| Added to NRHP | August 8, 1979 |
League Park was abaseball park located inCleveland, Ohio, United States. It was situated at the northeast corner of Dunham Street (now known as East 66th Street) and Lexington Avenue in theHough neighborhood. It was built in 1891 as a wood structure and rebuilt using concrete and steel in 1910. The park was home to a number of professional sports teams, most notably theCleveland Indians ofMajor League Baseball. League Park was first home to theCleveland Spiders of theNational League from 1891 to 1899 and of theCleveland Lake Shores of theWestern League, the minor league predecessor to the Indians, in 1900. From 1914 to 1915, League Park also hosted theCleveland Spiders of the minor leagueAmerican Association. In the 1940s, the park was also the home field of theCleveland Buckeyes of theNegro American League.
In addition to baseball, League Park was also used forAmerican football, serving as the home field for several successive teams in theOhio League and earlyNational Football League (NFL) during the 1920s and 1930s, as well as forcollege football. Most notably, theCleveland Rams of the NFL played at League Park in 1937 and for much of the early 1940s. Later in the 1940s, theCleveland Browns used League Park as a practice field.
TheWestern Reserve Red Cats college football team fromWestern Reserve University played a majority of homes games at League Park from 1929 to 1941, and all home games after joining theMid-American Conference from 1947 to 1949.[2] Western Reserve played many of its major college football games at League Park, including against theOhio State Buckeyes,[3]Pittsburgh Panthers,[4]West Virginia Mountaineers,[5] andCincinnati Bearcats.[2] Western Reserve andCase Tech often showcased their annual Thanksgiving Day rivalry game against one another,[6] as well as playing other Big Four Conference games againstJohn Carroll andBaldwin-Wallace. The final football game played at League Park was a 30–0 victory by Western Reserve University over rival Case Tech on Nov 24, 1949.[7]
AlthoughCleveland Stadium opened in 1932 and had a much larger seating capacity and better access by car, League Park continued to be used by the Indians through the 1946 season, mainly for weekday games. Weekend games, games expecting larger crowds, and night games were held at Cleveland Stadium. Most of the League Park structure was demolished in 1951, although some remnants still remain, including the original ticket office built in 1909.
After extensive renovation, the site was rededicated on August 23, 2014, as theBaseball Heritage Museum and Fannie Lewis Community Park at League Park.[8]
League Park was built for theCleveland Spiders, who were founded in 1887 and played first in theAmerican Association before joining theNational League in 1889. Team ownerFrank Robison chose the site for the new park, at the corner of Lexington Avenue and Dunham Street, later renamed East 66th Street, in Cleveland'sHough neighborhood, because it was along the streetcar line he owned. The park opened May 1, 1891, with 9,000 wooden seats, in a game against theCincinnati Reds. The first pitch was made byCy Young, and the Spiders won 12–3.[9]
During their tenure, the Spiders finished as high as 2nd place in the NL in 1892, 1895, and 1896, and won the1895 Temple Cup, an early version of the modernNational League Championship Series, in 1895. During the1899 season, however, the Spiders had most of their best players stripped from the roster and sent to St. Louis by their owners, who had purchased theSt. Louis Browns that year. Consequently, Cleveland finished 20–134, and the Spiders season was so poor they drew only 6,088 fans for their entire home season—an average of only 145 per game—and were forced to play 112 of their 154 games on the road as the other NL teams deemed it pointless to travel to Cleveland's League Park, since their cut of the ticket revenue would not come close to covering their travel and hotel expenses.
The team was contracted by the National League after 1899, being replaced the next year by the Cleveland Lake Shores, then a minor league team in theAmerican League. The American League declared itself a major league after the 1900 season and the Cleveland franchise, initially called the Blues, was a charter member for the 1901 season.
The park was rebuilt for the1910 season as a concrete-and-steel stadium, one of two to open that year in the American League, the other beingComiskey Park. The new park seated over 18,000 people, more than double the seating capacity of its predecessor. It opened April 21, 1910, with a 5–0 loss to the Detroit Tigers in front of 18,832 fans in a game started by pitcher Cy Young.[10]
During 1914 to 1915, theToledo Mud Hens of the minor leagueAmerican Association were temporarily moved to League Park, to discourage theFederal League from trying to place a franchise in Cleveland. During their two-year stay, they were initially known as theBearcats, then theSpiders, reviving the old National League club's name.[10]
The Indians hosted games four through seven of the1920 World Series at League Park. The series, won by the Indians five games to two, was notable as the first championship in franchise history, as well as for game five, which featured the first grand slam in World Series history and the only unassisted triple play in postseason history.[11]
In 1921, team owner"Sunny" Jim Dunn, who had purchased the team in 1916, renamed the parkDunn Field.[12][13] When Dunn died in 1922, his wife inherited the ballpark and the team. When Dunn's widow, by then known as Mrs. George Pross, sold the franchise in 1927 for $1 million to a group headed byAlva Bradley, the name reverted to the more prosaic "League Park" (there were a number of professional teams' parks generically called "league park" at the time).
From July 31, 1932, through the1933 season, the Indians played at the new and far largerCleveland Stadium. However, the players and fans complained about the huge outfield, which reduced the number of home runs. Moreover, as theGreat Depression worsened, attendance at the stadium plummeted.[12] After the 1933 season, the Indians exercised their escape clause in the lease at the stadium and returned to League Park for the1934 season.[14]
The Indians played all home games at League Park for the 1934 and 1935 seasons, and played one home game at Cleveland Stadium in 1936 as part of theGreat Lakes Exposition. In 1937, the Indians began splitting their schedule between the two parks, playing Sunday and holiday games at the stadium during the summer and the remainder at League Park, adding selected important games to the stadium schedule in 1938. Lights were never installed at League Park, and thus no major league night games were played there. However, at least one professional night game was played on July 27, 1931, between theHomestead Grays and theHouse of David, who borrowed the portable lighting system used by theKansas City Monarchs.[14]
In 1940 and from 1942 on, the Indians played the majority of their home schedule at Cleveland Stadium, abandoning League Park entirely after the1946 season. The final Indians game at League Park was played on Saturday, September 21, a 5–3 loss in 11 innings to theDetroit Tigers in front of 2,772 fans. League Park became the last stadium used in Major League Baseball never to install permanent lights.[15]
The Indians continued to own League Park until March 1950 when they sold it to the city of Cleveland for $150,000. After the demise of theCleveland Buckeyes of theNegro American League during the1950 season, League Park was no longer used as a regular sports venue. Most of the structure was demolished in 1951 by the city to convert the facility for use by local amateur teams and recreation and to prevent any competition with Cleveland Stadium. The lower deck seating between first base and third base remained, as did the Indians' clubhouse under the third base stands. TheCleveland Browns began using League Park as a practice field in 1952, including the former clubhouse, until 1965. All of the remaining seating areas were removed in 1961 except for the area above the former clubhouse, which was finally torn down in 2002.[16]
When it originally opened in 1891, it had 9,000 wooden seats.[9] A single deck grandstand was behind homeplate, a covered pavilion was along the first base line, and bleachers were located at various other places in the park. The ballpark was configured to fit into the Cleveland street grid, which contorted the dimensions into a rather odd rectangular shape by modern standards. The fence in left field was 385 feet (117 m), 460 feet (140 m) away in center, and 290 feet (88 m) down the right field foul line.[17] Batters had to hit the ball over a 40-foot (12 m) fence to get a home run (by comparison, theGreen Monster atFenway Park is 37 feet (11 m) high).[18]
It was essentially rebuilt prior to the1910 season, with concrete and steel double-deckergrandstands, expanding the seating capacity to 21,414. The design work was completed byOsborn Architects & Engineers, a local architecture firm that would go on to design several iconic ballparks over the next three years, includingComiskey Park, thePolo Grounds,Tiger Stadium, andFenway Park. The front edges of the upper and lower decks were vertically aligned, bringing the up-front rows in the upper deck closer to the action, but those in back could not see much of foul territory.
The fence was reconfigured, bringing the left field fence in 10 feet closer (375 feet (114 m)) and center field fence in 40 feet (420 feet (130 m)); the right field fence remained at 290 feet (88 m).[17]
Batters still had to surmount a 40-foot (12 m) fence to hit home runs.[18] The fence in left field was only five feet tall, but batters had to hit the ball 375 feet (114 m) down the line to hit a home run, and it was fully 460 feet (140 m) to the scoreboard in the deepest part of center field. The diamond, situated in the northwest corner of the block, was slightly tilted counterclockwise, making right field not quite as easy a target asBaker Bowl's right field (which had a 60-foot (18 m) wall), for example.
Currently the site is a public park. A small section of the exterior brick facade (along the first-base side) still stands, as well as the old ticket office behind what was the right field corner. The last remnant of the grandstand, crumbling and presumably unsafe, was taken down in 2002 as part of a renovation process to the decaying playground. Local schools' youth teams still compete on the ball field.
On February 7, 2011, theCleveland City Council approved a plan to restore the ticket house and remaining bleacher wall, as well as build a new diamond on the site of the old one (and with the same slightly counterclockwise tilt from the compass points).[19][20] On October 27, 2012, city leaders including MayorFrank G. Jackson and Councilman TJ Dow took part in the groundbreaking of the League Park restoration. The project included a museum, a restoration of the ball field, and a community park featuring pavilions and walking trails.[21] The community park was dedicated in September 2013 as theFannie M. Lewis Community Park at League Park.[22] Lewis was acity councilwoman who encouraged League Park's restoration.[22]
Restoration was completed in 2014, and League Park reopened August 23 of that year.[8] As part of the renovation, theBaseball Heritage Museum, housing artifacts from baseball history as well as many specifically from the history of League Park, was relocated from downtown Cleveland to the restored ticket house.[8][23]
Historic events that took place at League Park include the following:
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| Events and tenants | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | Home of theCleveland Spiders 1891–1899 | Succeeded by last ballpark |
| Preceded by first ballpark | Home of theCleveland Indians 1901–1946 (shared with Cleveland Stadium from 1932–1933 and 1936–1946) | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by first stadium Cleveland Stadium | Home of theCleveland Rams 1936 (AFL) 1937–1942; 1944–1945 (NFL) | Succeeded by |
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| Franchise | |||||||
| Ballparks |
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| League affiliations | |||||||
| Negro World Series championships (1) | |||||||
| League pennants (2) | |||||||
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Former stadiums of the National Football League | |
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| Early era: 1920–1940 |
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| Post-war and pre-merger era: 1941–1969 |
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| Current era: 1970–present |
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| Stadiums used by NFL teams temporarily |
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†= Team's stadium under construction or refurbishment at time | |
