 | This article'slead sectionmay be too short to adequatelysummarize the key points. Please consider expanding the lead toprovide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article.(September 2013) |
 Leônidas in 1940 | ||||||||||||||
| Personal information | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Full name | Leônidas da Silva | |||||||||||||
| Date of birth | (1913-09-06)6 September 1913 | |||||||||||||
| Place of birth | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | |||||||||||||
| Date of death | 24 January 2004(2004-01-24) (aged 90) | |||||||||||||
| Place of death | Cotia, Brazil | |||||||||||||
| Height | 1.68 m (5 ft 6 in)[1] | |||||||||||||
| Position(s) | Centre forward | |||||||||||||
| Youth career | ||||||||||||||
| 1927–1929 | São Cristóvão | |||||||||||||
| 1929–1930 | Syrio e Libanez | |||||||||||||
| Senior career* | ||||||||||||||
| Years | Team | Apps | (Gls) | |||||||||||
| 1930 | Syrio e Libanez[2][3] | 5 | (5) | |||||||||||
| 1931–1932 | Bonsucesso[3][2][4] | 39 | (23) | |||||||||||
| 1933 | Peñarol[5][6] | 16 | (11) | |||||||||||
| 1934 | Vasco da Gama[3][2] | 4 | (1) | |||||||||||
| 1935–1936 | Botafogo[2][7] | 19 | (8) | |||||||||||
| 1936–1942 | Flamengo[8] | 88 | (89) | |||||||||||
| 1943–1950 | São Paulo[9] | 120 | (93) | |||||||||||
| Total | 291 | (230) | ||||||||||||
| International career | ||||||||||||||
| 1932–1946 | Brazil | 19 | (21) | |||||||||||
Medal record
| ||||||||||||||
| *Club domestic league appearances and goals | ||||||||||||||
Leônidas da Silva (Portuguese pronunciation:[leˈõnidɐzdɐˈsiwvɐ]; 6 September 1913 – 24 January 2004) was a Brazilian professionalfootballer who played as aforward. He is regarded as one of the most important players of the first half of the 20th century. At the height of his career, Leônidas da Silva was very popular amongst the people of Brazil and Rio de Janeiro. Leônidas played forBrazil national team in the1934 and1938 World Cups, and was the top scorer of the latter tournament. He was known as the "Black Diamond" and the "Rubber Man" due to his agility.
Leônidas started his career atSão Cristóvão. He then played for Carioca side Sírio e Libanez, where he was coached by Gentil Cardoso. When Cardoso left to coachBonsucesso, he brought Leônidas with him.[11] Between 1931 and 1932, he played forBonsucesso before joiningPeñarol in Uruguay in 1933. After one year, da Silva returned to Brazil to play forVasco da Gama. He helped them win theRio State Championship. After playing in the1934 World Cup, he joinedBotafogo and won another Rio State Championship in 1935. The following year, he joinedFlamengo, where he stayed until 1941. Once again, in 1939, the team won the Rio State Championship. He was also at the forefront of the movement against prejudice in football, being one of the first black players to join the then-elitist Flamengo team.
Leônidas joinedSão Paulo in 1942 and stayed at the club until his retirement from playing in 1950.
Leônidas is one of several possible players credited for inventing the "Bicycle kick". The first time da Silva used this technique was on 24 April 1932, in a match between Bonsucesso and Carioca. In Flamengo he used this move only once, in 1939, against the Argentinian teamIndependiente. The unusual volley gained huge fame at the time, propelling it into the football mainstream.
For São Paulo, da Silva used the bicycle kick on two occasions: the first on 14 June 1942, in the defeat against Palestra Italia (currentlyPalmeiras). Most famously of all, he used it on 13 November 1948, in the massive 8–0 victory over Juventus. The play (and the goal) was captured in an image[12] and is regarded as the most famous picture of the player[citation needed].In the 1938 World Cup, he also used the bicycle kick, to the delight of the spectators. When he did it, the referee was so shocked by the volley that he was unsure whether it was within the rules or not.
Leônidas played 19 times for the Brazil national team between 1932 and 1946, scoring 21 goals in total, and scoring twice on his debut. In 1938, he was the World Cup's top scorer with 7 goals, scoring at least three times[note 1] in the 6–5 extra time win overPoland.
Nevertheless, his performance also made him be frequently fouled by the Poles. For the next match, againstCzechoslovakia, he was not in the ideal conditions, but the Brazilian staff, concerned for possible punishment in usingNiginho in Leônidas place, preferred to keep Leônidas in the team;Italian Football Federation had warnedFIFA about Niginho's irregular condition: this player, who hadItalian Citizenship, was still legally attached toLazio, the club he left without permission in 1936, due to fear of being recruited by theItalian Army to theSecond Italo-Ethiopian War. Leônidas managed to score against the Czechs, but his injuries got worse, making him definitely unable to be used in the next game – the semifinal againstItaly. Brazil lost the match 2–1 and for many years the coachAdhemar Pimenta was criticized as many fans, not aware of Lêonidas true poor conditions, believed his absence was just an option arrogantly made by Pimenta "to rest the player for the final". This version still circulates, despite the fact that Leônidas had written a letter, which was published by certain newspapers at the time, in which he clarified that Pimenta had no choice but to rest him due to the Niginho affair.[17]
The Niginho affair also prevented either of the players from playing in the semi-final. In their place,Romeu was chosen as the team's improvised center-forward for the match, scoring Brazil's goal late in the game.[18] Leônidas returned for the third place match and scored two more goals in a 4–2 win againstSweden.
The scores contain links to the article on the1934 FIFA World Cup and the round in question. The matches' numbers reflect the number of World Cup matches Leônidas played during his career.
| Game no. | Round | Date | Opponent | Score | Leônidas' goals | Times | Leônidas' playing time | Notes | Venue | Report |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1st R. | 27 May 1934 |  Spain | 1–3 (0–3) | 1 |  55' | 90 min. | Stadio Luigi Ferraris,Genoa | 3/results/matches/match=1111/report.html[dead link] |
The scores contain links to the article on the 1938 FIFA World Cup and the round in question. When there is a special article on the match in question, the link is in the column forround.
| Game no. | Round | Date | Opponent | Score | Leônidas' goals | Times | Leônidas' playing time | Notes | Venue | Report |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 1st R. | 5 June 1938 |  Poland | 6–5 a.e.t. (4–4) (3–1) | 3 | 18' 93' 104' | 120 min. | Stade de la Meinau,Strasbourg | 5/results/matches/match=1150/report.html[dead link] | |
| 3 | QF | 12 June 1938 |  Czechoslovakia | 1–1 a.e.t. (1–1) (1–0) | 1 | 30' | 120 min. | Parc Lescure,Bordeaux | 5/results/matches/match=1152/report.html[dead link] | |
| 4 | Replay | 14 June 1938 | Czechoslovakia | 2–1 (0–1) | 1 | 57' | 90 min. | Parc Lescure,Bordeaux | 5/results/matches/match=1153/report.html[dead link] | |
| – | SF | 16 June 1938 |  Italy | 1–2 (0–0) | 0 | Did not play | Injured | Stade Vélodrome,Marseille | 5/results/matches/match=1149/report.html[dead link] | |
| 5 | 3rd pl. | 19 June 1938 |  Sweden | 4–2 (1–2) | 2 | 63' 74' | 90 min. | Parc Lescure, Bordeaux | 5/results/matches/match=1151/report.html[dead link] |
At the height of his career, Leônidas da Silva was very popular amongst the people of Brazil and Rio de Janeiro. In the 1930s and 1940s, Leônidas was a celebrity against the backdrop of controversy and racial discrimination looming within Brazil during this time.[19] Leônidas had a major impact on and off the field because of his ability to relate to the working classes of Brazil, and his humble beginnings and racial representation led to this national popularity.[19] When his team won the Brazilian Club Championship in 1931, the people of Rio de Janeiro greeted Leônidas and his team in the streets of the city with cheerful crowds dancing and celebrating their victory.[19]
Historically, Leônidas is well known for his contributions to the relationship between consumerism and the business side of football within the country of Brazil.[20] In the year 1938, Leônidas especially gained massive popularity after his appearance in the World Cup tournament and it was around this time he started to receive numerous advertisement offers, such as for watches and cigarettes.[20] His willingness to participate in interviews and being a constant within the public eye helped his fans feel personally connected to Leônidas.[20] Later that same year, a voting popularity contest was held including Leônidas and he received 249,080 votes in his favor, thus winning the contest.[20]
During the 1938 World Cup, Leônidas was nicknamed Diamante Negro (black diamond). In the next year, Brazilian chocolate manufacturerLacta purchased from him the right to name a chocolate bar as Diamante Negro.[21] This chocolate brand became a commercial success in Brazil.[22][23]
Leônidas joined São Paulo as manager the 1950s before leaving football to become a radioreporter and then the owner of a furniture store in São Paulo. He died in 2004[24] inCotia, São Paulo, because of complications due toAlzheimer's disease, from which he had been suffering since 1974. He is buried in theCemitério da Paz of São Paulo.[25]
Vasco da Gama
Botafogo
Flamengo
São Paulo
Rio de Janeiro State Team
São Paulo State Team
Brazil
Individual
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link){{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
Awards | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||
Brazil squads | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||||||||||||
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
