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Law enforcement in Indonesia is mainly performed by theIndonesian National Police (POLRI), together with otherlaw enforcement agencies which are under thepresident, a certainministry orState-owned company (BUMN) which perform policing duties for a certainpublic service, these law enforcement agencies are under supervision and are trained by theIndonesian National Police. The Indonesian National Police is basically thenationalcivilian police force of the country responsible for enforcing law and order of the state.
TheIndonesian National Police (POLRI) is the main agency responsible for maintaining security and public order, law enforcement, and provide protection and service to thecommunity inIndonesia. The force is a centralised organisation with responsibilities ranging fromtraffic control,criminal investigation, intelligence gathering andcounter-terrorism duties. The Indonesian National Police is the national policing force of Indonesia with its headquarters located inJakarta. It is under the auspices of thePresident of Indonesia.[1]The highest command of the national police in Indonesia is executed in Jakarta, at the Indonesian National Police Headquarters (Mabes Polri) located at Trunojoyo Street,Kebayoran Baru,South Jakarta. The National Police HQ oversees everyprovincial police of the country, eachProvince of Indonesia has its own Police Headquarters known as "POLDA" an abbreviation ofKepolisianDaerah (Regional Police) inIndonesian, it oversees several city or regional police departments which are responsible for acity orregency (Kabupaten) in the province, it is known as "POLRES" (KepolisianResort), a "Polres" then oversees several police stations responsible for asub-district (kecamatan) known as "POLSEK" (KepolisianSektor).
The Detachment 88 or known locally as "Densus 88" is the specialcounter-terrorism unit of the Indonesian National Police.[2]
The Mobile Brigade Corps or known locally as "Brimob" is the paramilitary force of the Indonesian National Police tasked to conduct high-risk law enforcement such ascounterinsurgency,riot control, andhostage rescue. It is thePTU andSWAT unit of Polri. Their uniform is the same like other police units, but wear adark blue beret as their headgear, duringurban-operational duties, they wear black uniforms and duringjungle-operational duties, they wear green. Each provincial police headquarters (Polda) in Indonesia has a Brimob unit.
TheMunicipal Police Units (Indonesian:SatuanPolisiPamongPraja abbreviated "Satpol PP") aremunicipal police units which are controlled by the local governments in the country (eitherprovince,regency, or city), it is under the supervision of theMinistry of Home Affairs. Their responsibilities are to enforcelocal laws, such as taking action against illegal settlements and structures in thecity, bring order towardsstreet vendors andbuskers, and to ensure the safety of city property. They are also responsible to secure the office of theCity Mayor and provincialGovernor. Their operationaluniform color is greenish-darkKhaki, inJakarta they sometimes wearorange polo shirts with khaki cargo pants.[3]
TheIndonesia Forest Rangers (Indonesian:Polisi Kehutanan abbreviated "Polhut") is under theMinistry of Environment and Forestry. One of their responsibilities is to take action againstillegal logging and patrolnational parks of the country.
The Prison Police (Indonesian:Polisi Khusus LembagaPemasyarakatan abbreviatedPolsuspas) areCorrectional Officers under theMinistry of Law and Human Rights, they control and superviseprisons across the country. Their uniform color is blue.[4]
TheRailroad Police (Indonesian:Polisi KhususKeretaApi abbreviatedPolsuska) is therailway police unit which is under the auspices of theIndonesian Railway Company. They are not under a certainministry, rather they are part of the Directorate of Safety and Security of theIndonesian Railway Company, but are trained and educated by theIndonesian National Police. Their uniform is black and wear orangeberets, they are usually posted in Railway stations.
The Police for Management of Marine, Coastal Region and Remote Islands (Polisi KhususPengelolaanWilayahPesisir danPulau-PulauKecil abbreviatedPolsus PWP3K) is a newly specialized-formed policing unit under theMinistry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, their authority includes conducting patrols in coastal areas and remote islands and to take action towards complaints regarding activities that damage natural maritime resources.[5]
Qarantine special police (Indonesian:Kepolisian Khusus Badan Karantina Indonesia) is a special law enforcement unit under theIndonesian Quarantine Agency with limited police authority to support enforcement of animal, fish, and plant quarantine laws through security, patrols, and non judicial actions atentry and exit points.[6] It was formed in 2023 by merging the agricultural, animal and fisheries quarantine police units.
InIndonesia, theMilitary Police Command (Indonesian:PusatPolisiMiliterTNI abbreviated "Puspom TNI") is the only institution which has authority to conduct law enforcement towards active members of theIndonesian Military, it is an institution which is directly under the auspices of the Indonesian National Armed Forces Headquarters ("Mabes TNI") which heads the three Military Police corps which are the:
The Military Police does not have authority towardscivilians as it is the realm of theIndonesian National Police (Polri), and in the other hand, thecivilian Police does not have authority towards active members of the military, except accompanied by the Military police. If a military member is caught red-handed by the civilian police, then the violator will be sent to the Military Police or the Military police would be contacted.
TheMaritime Security Agency (BadanKeamananLaut abbreviatedBakamla) is a maritime patrol of theRepublic of Indonesia. Bakamla is a non-ministerial government institution which reports directly to thePresident through theCoordinating Ministry for Political, Legal, and Security Affairs. Bakamla's duty is to conduct security and safety patrols in the territorial waters of Indonesia and the jurisdiction of Indonesia.
TheSea and Coast Guard (Kesatuan Penjagaan Laut dan Pantai –KPLP) is an agency of theGovernment of Indonesia which has the main function to ensure the safety ofshipping activity inside the Indonesian Maritime Zone. The "KPLP" has the task to formulate and execute policies, standards, norms, guidelines, criteria and procedures, as well as technical guidance, evaluation and reporting concerning maritime patrol and security, which is conducted in coordination with other maritime law enforcement agencies of the country such as BAKAMLA,Indonesian National Police Water Unit, and also in certain cases with theIndonesian Navy. KPLP is under the auspices of the Directorate General of Sea Transportation of theIndonesian Ministry of Transportation.
TheIndonesian National Police has awater unit (Polisi Perairan dan Udara abbreviated "Polairud") responsible to conduct law enforcement and enforce security and order of the coast and state waters.
TheMarine and Fisheries Resources Surveillance (Pengawasan Sumber Daya Kelautan dan Perikanan -PSDKP) is a government agency under the management of theMinistry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of Indonesia. Formally established on 23 November 2000 according to Presidential Decree No. 165/2000, the PSDKP is the agency responsible forsupervising the marine and fishery resources of the Republic of Indonesia.
Political observers in Indonesia have raised numerous criticisms regarding the presence of multiple maritime law enforcement agencies, noting their tendency to overlap in authority within the country's maritime zones. By 2015, these enforcement activities were managed by 12 different agencies from various government ministries.[7] Additionally, theconstitution allows theNavy to conduct maritime law enforcement under specific circumstances.[8]Plans to consolidate these agencies into a unified national entity, akin to theCoast Guard of the United States of America andCoast Guard of India, have been in motion since 2011.[9] In February 2020, PresidentJoko Widodo announced his intention to establish theMaritime Security Agency as Indonesia'scoast guard.[10] Subsequently, in March 2022, the government issued regulations governing maritime security, safety, and law enforcement in Indonesia's territorial waters and jurisdiction, designating the Maritime Security Agency as the coordinating body for all maritime law enforcement efforts.[11] However, the third revision of Law No. 17/2008 on Shipping, passed by theHouse of Representatives in September 2024, designatesSea and Coast Guard (KPLP) as the sole coast guard authority, creating legal conflicts with the Maritime Security Agency, which has been using the title "Indonesia Coast Guard" despite lacking such recognition. This overlap raises concerns about legal clarity and the effectiveness of Indonesia's maritime law enforcement, both domestically and in the context of international cooperation.[12]
Other types of government agencies which is involved in law enforcement of the state:
