Laura Phillips "Laurie"Anderson (born June 5, 1947) is an Americanavant-garde artist,[2][3] musician and filmmaker whose work encompasses performance art, pop music, andmultimedia projects.[3] Initially trained in violin and sculpting,[4] Anderson pursued a variety of performance art projects inNew York City during the 1970s, focusing particularly on language, technology, and visual imagery.[2] She achieved unexpected commercial success when her song "O Superman" reached number two on theUK singles chart in 1981.
Anderson's debut studio albumBig Science was released in 1982 and has since been followed by a number of studio and live albums. She starred in and directed the 1986 concert filmHome of the Brave.[5] Anderson's creative output has also included theatrical and documentary works, voice acting, art installations, and aCD-ROM. She is a pioneer inelectronic music and has invented several musical devices that she has used in her recordings and performance art shows.[6]
Her first performance-art piece — a symphony played on automobile horns — was performed in 1969. In 1970 she drew theunderground comixBaloney Moccasins, which was published byGeorge DiCaprio. In the early 1970s she worked as an art instructor and as an art critic for magazines such asArtforum,[11] and illustrated children's books[12] — the first of which was titledThe Package (1971), a mystery story in pictures alone.[13]
Anderson performed in New York during the 1970s. One of her most-cited performances,Duets on Ice, which she conducted in New York and other cities around the world, involved her playing the violin along with a recording while wearing ice skates with the blades frozen into a block of ice; the performance ended only when the ice had melted away. Two early pieces, "New York Social Life" and "Time to Go", are included in the 1977 compilationNew Music for Electronic and Recorded Media, along with works byPauline Oliveros and others.[4] Two other pieces were included onAirwaves, a collection of audio pieces by various artists. She also recorded a lecture forVision, a set of artist's lectures released byCrown Point Press as a set of sixLPs.
Many of Anderson's earliest recordings remain unreleased or were issued only in limited quantities, such as her first single, "It's Not the Bullet that Kills You (It's the Hole)". That song, along with "New York Social Life" and about a dozen others, was originally recorded for use in an art installation that consisted of ajukebox that played the different Anderson compositions, at theHolly Solomon Gallery in New York City. Among the musicians on these early recordings arePeter Gordon on saxophone,Scott Johnson on guitar, Ken Deifik on harmonica, and Joe Kos on drums. Photographs and descriptions of many of these early performances were included in Anderson's retrospective bookStories from the Nerve Bible (1993).[14]
Anderson became widely known outside the art world in 1981 with the single "O Superman", originally released in a limited quantity byB. George's One Ten Records, which ultimately reached number two on theUK singles chart.[19] The sudden influx of orders from the UK (prompted partly by British stationBBC Radio 1 playlisting the record) led to Anderson signing a seven-albumrecording contract withWarner Bros. Records, which re-released the single.[20]
"O Superman" was part of a larger stage work titledUnited States Live (1984) and was included on her debut studio albumBig Science (1982).[21] Prior to the release ofBig Science, Anderson returned toGiorno Poetry Systems to record the collaboration albumYou're the Guy I Want to Share My Money With (1981); Anderson recorded one side of the double-LP set, with William S. Burroughs andJohn Giorno recording a side each, and the fourth side featured a separate groove for each artist. This was followed by the back-to-back releases of her albumsMister Heartbreak andUnited States Live (both 1984), the latter of which was a five-LP (and, later, four-CD) recording of her two-evening stage show at theBrooklyn Academy of Music.[22] She also appeared in a television special produced byNam June Paik broadcast on New Year's Day 1984, titled "Good Morning, Mr. Orwell".[23]
She next starred in and directed the 1986 concert filmHome of the Brave and also composed the soundtracks for theSpalding Gray filmsSwimming to Cambodia (1987) andMonster in a Box (1992). During this time, she also contributed music toRobert Wilson'sAlcestis at theAmerican Repertory Theater inCambridge, Massachusetts. She also hosted thePBS seriesAlive from Off Center during 1987, after having produced the short filmWhat You Mean We? for the series the year before.What You Mean We? introduced a new character played by Anderson: "The Clone", a digitally altered masculine counterpart to Anderson who later "co-hosted" with her when she did her presenting stint onAlive from Off Center. Elements of the Clone were later incorporated into the titular "puppet" of her later work,Puppet Motel. In that year, she also appeared onPeter Gabriel's fifth studio albumSo, co-writing and performing on the song "This is the Picture (Excellent Birds)". (The first version of "Excellent Birds" had been released onMister Heartbreak.)
Release of Anderson's first post-Home of the Brave album, 1989'sStrange Angels, was delayed for more than a year in order for Anderson to take singing lessons. This was due to the album being more musically inclined (in terms of singing) than her previous works.[24] The single "Babydoll" was a moderate hit on theModern Rock Tracks chart in 1989.
In 1991, she was a member of the jury at the41st Berlin International Film Festival.[25] In the same year, Anderson appeared inThe Human Face, a feature arts documentary directed by artist-filmmakersNichola Bruce and Michael Coulson forBBC Television. Anderson was the presenter in this documentary on the history of the face in art and science. Her face was transformed using latex masks and digital special effects as she introduced ideas about the relationship betweenphysiognomy and perception. Her varied career in the early 1990s included voice-acting in the animated filmThe Rugrats Movie (1998). In 1994, she created aCD-ROM titledPuppet Motel, which was followed byBright Red, co-produced byBrian Eno, and another spoken-word album,The Ugly One with the Jewels (1995). This was followed by an appearance on the 1997 charity single "Perfect Day".[26]
An interval of more than half a decade followed before her next album release. During this time, she wrote a supplemental article on the cultural character of New York City for theEncyclopædia Britannica[27] and created multimedia presentations, including one inspired byMoby-Dick (Songs and Stories from Moby Dick, 1999–2000).[28] One of the central themes in Anderson's work is exploring the effects of technology on human relationships and communication.
Starting in the 1990s, Anderson andLou Reed, whom she had met in 1992, collaborated on recordings together.[29] Reed contributed to the tracks "In Our Sleep" from Anderson'sBright Red (1994), "One Beautiful Evening" from Anderson'sLife on a String (2001), and "My Right Eye" and "Only an Expert" from Anderson'sHomeland (2010), which Reed also co-produced. Anderson contributed to the tracks "Call on Me" from Reed's collaborative projectThe Raven (2003), "Rouge" and "Rock Minuet" from Reed'sEcstasy (2000), and "Hang On to Your Emotions" from Reed'sSet the Twilight Reeling (1996).
In late 1998, Artist Space, New York presented an exhibit of Anderson’s work from 1970s to 1980s, along with her 1990s work,Whirlwind.[30]
Life on a String appeared in 2001, by which time she signed a new recording contract with anotherWarner Music Group label,Nonesuch Records.Life on a String was a mixture of new works (including one song recalling the death of her father) and works from theMoby-Dick presentation.[31] In 2001, she recorded the audiobook version ofDon DeLillo's novellaThe Body Artist. Anderson went on tour performing a selection of her best-known musical pieces in 2001. One of these performances was recorded in New York City a week after theSeptember 11 attacks, and included a performance of "O Superman". This concert was released in early 2002 as the double CDLive in New York.[32]
In 2003, Anderson produced albums with French musicians La Jarry andHector Zazou and also performed with them. Zazou's albumStrong Currents (2003), which brought together well-known soloists, features her alongsideJane Birkin,Lori Carson andIrene Grandi, among others. She becameNASA's firstartist-in-residence in the same year, which inspired her performance pieceThe End of the Moon.[33][34] In May 2004, she received an honorary doctorate fromColumbia University.[35] She was part of the team that created the opening ceremony for the2004 Summer Olympics in Athens and collaborated with choreographerTrisha Brown and filmmakerAgnieszka Wojtowicz-Vosloo on the multimedia projectO Zlozony/O Composite for theParis Opera Ballet which premiered at thePalais Garnier in Paris in December 2004. She mounted a succession of themed shows and composed a piece forExpo 2005 in Japan. In 2005, Anderson visited Russia's space program — the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Centre and mission control — with theArts Catalyst and took part in the Arts Catalyst's Space Soon event at the Roundhouse to reflect on her experiences.
In 2005, her exhibitionThe Waters Reglitterized opened at theSean Kelly Gallery in New York City. According to the press release by Sean Kelly,[36] the work is a diary of dreams and their literal recreation as works of art. This work uses the language of dreams to investigate the dream itself. The resulting pieces include drawings, prints, and high-definition video. The installation ran until October 22, 2005.
In 2006, Anderson was awarded aResidency at theAmerican Academy in Rome. She narratedRic Burns'Andy Warhol: A Documentary Film, which was first televised in September 2006 as part of the PBSAmerican Masters series. She contributed a song toPlague Songs, a collection of songs related to the 10 Biblical plagues. Anderson also performed in Came So Far for Beauty, theLeonard Cohen tribute event held at thePoint Theatre inDublin, Ireland, on October 4–5, 2006. In November 2006, she published a book of drawings based on her dreams, titledNight Life.
Material fromHomeland was performed at small work-in-progress shows in New York throughout May 2007 supported by a four-piece band with lighting and video visuals mixed live byWillie Williams andMark Coniglio, respectively. A European tour of theHomeland work in progress included performances on September 28–29, 2007, at theOlympia Theatre, Dublin; on October 17–19 at theMelbourne International Arts Festival; and in Russia at the Moscow Dom Muzyky concert hall on April 26, 2008. The work was performed inToronto, Canada, on June 14, 2008, with husbandLou Reed, making the "Lost Art of Conversation" a duet with vocals and guitar. Anderson'sHomeland Tour performed at several locations across the United States as well, such as at theFerst Center for the Arts, Atlanta, Georgia; TheLincoln Center for the Performing Arts, New York City; andHarris Theater for Music and Dance inMillennium Park, Chicago, Illinois, co-presented by theMuseum of Contemporary Art Chicago.[37]
Anderson received the Honorary Doctor of Arts from theAalto University School of Arts, Design and Architecture in 2013.[43] In June/July 2013, Anderson performed "The Language of the Future" and guest curated at theRiver to River Festival in New York City.[44] In November 2013, she was the featured Guest of Honor at the B3Biennale of the Moving Image inFrankfurt, Germany.[45] In 2018, Anderson contributed vocals to a re-recording of theDavid Bowie song "Shining Star (Makin' My Love)", originally from Bowie's seventeenth studio albumNever Let Me Down (1987). She was asked to join the production by producerMario J. McNulty, who knew that Anderson and Bowie had been friends.[46]
Chalkroom is a virtual reality work by Anderson and Taiwanese artistHsin-Chien Huang in which the reader flies through an enormous structure made of words, drawings, and stories.[48]To the Moon, a collaboration with Hsin-Chien Huang, premiered at theManchester International Festival on July 12, 2019. A 15-minutevirtual reality artwork,To the Moon allows audience members to explore a moon that features donkey rides and rubbish from Earth in a non-narrative structure.[49] Alongside, a film shows the development of the new work.[50]
In 2021, Anderson created a show on the second floor of theHirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden in Washington, D.C., titled "The Weather" and described byThe New York Times as "a sort of nonretrospective retrospective of one of America's major, and majorly confounding, modern artists".[9]
In mid-2023, Laurie Anderson created "Looking into a Mirror Sideways", an exhibit that highlights various different styles of her art techniques.[52] It opened at theModerna Museet inStockholm, Sweden. Since opening, this artwork has been Anderson's biggest solo show in Europe.[citation needed]
While in Europe, Anderson teamed up withSexmob, a New York jazz band. Sexmob and Anderson toured Europe where they performed multiple versions of her songs, but adding a twist to them all. This tour was seen as "an attempt at defying gravity, resisting the pull, [and] reverting the downward fall".[53]
In 2024, Anderson withdrew from a guest professorship at theFolkwang University of the Arts inEssen, Germany, after university officials objected to her support of a "Letter Against Apartheid" organised by Palestinian artists, calling for "an immediate and unconditional cessation ofIsraeli violence against Palestinians".[54]
In November 2024 Anderson stagedUnited States V, a multimedia performance envisioned as a sequel toUnited States. The work was commissioned byFactory International and staged at their Aviva Studios venue inManchester, England. It featured video appearances fromAi Weiwei as God andAnohni as an angel.[55]
Anderson has invented severalexperimental musical instruments that she has used in her recordings and performances. In 1977, she created a tape-bow violin that uses recordedmagnetic tape on thebow instead of horsehair and a magnetictape head in the bridge.[57] In the late 1990s, she collaborated withInterval Research to develop an instrument she called a "talking stick", a six-foot-long (1.8 m)baton-likeMIDI controller that can access and replicate sounds.[58]
The tape-bow violin is an instrument created by Laurie Anderson in 1977. It uses recorded magnetic tape in place of the traditional horsehair in the bow, and a magnetic tape head in the bridge. Anderson has updated and modified this device over the years. She can be seen using a later generation of this device in her filmHome of the Brave during theLate Show segment in which she manipulates a sentence recorded byWilliam S. Burroughs. This version of the violin used MIDI-based audiosamples, triggered by contact with the bow.
The talking stick is a six-foot-long baton-like MIDI controller. It was used in theMoby-Dick tour in 1999–2000. She described it in program notes as follows:[58]
The Talking Stick is a new instrument that I designed in collaboration with a team fromInterval Research and Bob Bielecki. It is a wireless instrument that can access and replicate any sound. It works on the principle ofgranular synthesis. This is the technique of breaking sound into tiny segments, called grains, and then playing them back in different ways. The computer rearranges the sound fragments into continuous strings or random clusters that are played back in overlapping sequences to create new textures. The grains are very short, a few hundredths of a second. Granular synthesis can sound smooth or choppy depending on the size of the grain and the rate at which they're played. The grains are like film frames. If you slow them down enough, you begin to hear them separately.
A recurring motif in Anderson's work is the use of an electric pitch-shifting voice filter that deepens her voice into amasculine register, a technique that Anderson has referred to as "audiodrag".[59] Anderson has long used the resulting character in her work as a "voice ofauthority" orconscience,[59] although she later decided that the voice had lost much of its authority and instead began using the voice to provide historical or sociopolitical commentary,[60] as it is used on "Another Day in America", a piece from her seventh studio albumHomeland (2010).
For much of Anderson's career, the voice was nameless or called the Voice of Authority, although as early as 2009[61] it was dubbed Fenway Bergamot at Lou Reed's suggestion.[60] The cover ofHomeland depicts Anderson in character as Bergamot, with streaks of black makeup to give her a moustache and thick, masculine eyebrows.
In "The Cultural Ambassador", a piece on her second live albumThe Ugly One with the Jewels (1995), Anderson explained some of her perspective on the character:
(Anderson:) I was carrying a lot of electronics so I had to keep unpacking everything and plugging it in and demonstrating how it all worked, and I guess I did seem a little fishy — a lot of this stuff wakes up displayingLED program readouts that have names like Atom Smasher, and so it took a while to convince them that they weren't some kind of portable espionage system. So I've done quite a few of these sort of impromptu new music concerts for small groups of detectives and customs agents and I'd have to keep setting all this stuff up and they'd listen for a while and they'd say: So um, what's this? And I'd pull out something like (Bergamot:) this filter, and say, now this is what I like to think of as the voice of authority. And it would take me a while to tell them how I used it for songs that were, you know, about various forms of control, and they would say, now why would you want to talk like that? And I'd look around at theSWAT teams, and the undercover agents, and the dogs, and the radio in the corner, tuned to theSuper Bowl coverage of thewar. And I'd say, take a wild guess.
Anderson moved to New York in 1966 and now lives inTribeca.[62][9] She met musician and songwriterLou Reed in 1992, and was married to him from April 2008 until his death in 2013.[63][64][65][66]
In October 2012, Hurricane Sandy destroyed archives documenting decades of Anderson's creative work, including photographs, performance props, audiovisual equipment, musical instruments, and other materials. This loss became the impetus for her bookAll the Things I Lost in the Flood (2018), where she reflects on her career and the ephemeral nature of art.[67] Anderson's albumLandfall was also inspired by Hurricane Sandy and won the Grammy Award for Best Chamber Music/Small Ensemble Performance in 2019.[68]
The single "Sharkey's Day" was for many years the theme song of basic cable channelLifetime. Anderson also recorded a number of limited-release singles in the late 1970s (many issued from the Holly Soloman Gallery), songs from which were included on a number of compilations, includingGiorno Poetry Systems'The Nova Convention andYou're the Guy I Want to Share My Money With. Over the years she has performed on recordings by other musicians such asPeter Gabriel,Lou Reed, andJean-Michel Jarre. She also contributed lyrics to thePhilip Glass albumSongs from Liquid Days, and contributed a spoken-word piece to a tribute album in honor ofJohn Cage.
In addition, in lieu of making another music video for herStrange Angels album, Anderson taped a series of one- to two-minute "Personal Service Announcements" in which she spoke about issues such as the U.S.government debt and the arts scene. Some of the music used in these productions came from her soundtrack ofSwimming to Cambodia. ThePSAs were frequently shown between music videos onVH1 in early 1990.
In 2013, Dale Eisinger ofComplex rankedUnited States as the third greatest work of performance art ever, with the writer arguing that Anderson is "able to ascertain just exactly the climate of life in the United States, without being so punctuated that it causes a standoff. Perhaps the zenith of this configuration was her multimedia performance, 'United States I – IV.' [...] [Anderson displays] her vast, incisive range of talents on the 'United States Live' recordings."[79]
Nothing in My Pockets – two-part sound diary recorded in 2003, orig. 2006 French radio broadcast, booklet with text and photography (Dis Voir, 2009)ISBN978-2-914563-43-7 (also published in French)